Moscua
Moscua[1] (Russice Москва́, tr. Moskvá) est caput, urbs frequentissima, et subiectum foederale frequentissimum Russiae, etiam metropolis regionis Moscuensis (cuius pars tamen non est) et Districtus Foederalis Centralis (Medii) Foederationis Russicae. Maximi momenti est Russiae continentisque sedes civilitatis, oeconomiae, culturae, scientiae, religionis, aerarii, educationis, transportationis. Moscua septentrionalissima (sed non frigidissima) est tellustrium megapolium, frequentissima urbium in Europa sitarum, et, cum circa 13 decies centena milia incolarum, sexta a maxima urbs propria in orbe terrarum.
Locus: 55°45′2″N 37°37′3″E
Numerus incolarum: 13 149 000
Zona horaria: Tempus Mosquanum, UTC+3, Europe/Moscow
Situs interretialis
Nomen officiale: Москва
Gestio
Geographia
Regiones urbanae: Circulus administrativus medius (Moscua), Circulus administrativus septentrionalis, Circulus administrativus septentrionalis-orientalis, Circulus administrativus orientalis (Moscua), Circulus administrativus australis-orientalis, Circulus administrativus australis, Circulus administrativus australis-occidentalis, Circulus administrativus occidentalis, Circulus administrativus septentrionalis-occidentalis, Zelenograd, Novomoskovsky Administrative Okrug, Troitsky Administrative Okrug, Akademichesky District, Alexeyevsky District, Altufyevsky District, Arbat District, Aeroport District, Babushkinsky District, Basmanny District, Begovoy District, Beskudnikovsky District, Bibirevo District, Bogorodskoye District, Butyrsky District, Veshnyaki District, Vnukovo, Voykovsky District, Vostochnoye Degunino District, Vostochnoye Izmaylovo District, Vostochny District, Vykhino-Zhulebino District, Gagarinsky District, Golovinsky District, Golyanovo District, Dmitrovsky District, Dorogomilovo District, Zamoskvorechye District, Zapadnoye Degunino District, Ivanovskoye District, Izmaylovo District, Kapotnya District, Koptevo District, Kosino-Ukhtomsky District, Krasnoselsky District, Krylatskoye District, Kryukovo District, Kuzminki District, Kuntsevo District, Kurkino District, Levoberezhny District, Lefortovo District, Lianozovo District, Losinoostrovsky District, Lyublino District, Marfino District, Maryina Roshcha District, Maryino District, Matushkino District, Metrogorodok District, Meshchansky District, Mitino District, Mozhaysky District, Molzhaninovsky District, Nekrasovka District, Nizhegorodsky District, Novogireyevo District, Novokosino District, Novo-Peredelkino District, Ostankinsky District, Otradnoye District, Ochakovo-Matveyevskoye District, Perovo District, Pechatniki District, Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo District, Preobrazhenskoye District, Presnensky District, Prospekt Vernadskogo District, Ramenki District, Rostokino District, Ryazansky District, Savyolki District, Savyolovsky District, Sviblovo District, Severnoye Izmaylovo District, Severnoye Medvedkovo District, Severnoye Tushino District, Severny District, Silino District, Sokol District, Sokolinaya Gora district, Sokolniki District, Solntsevo District, Strogino District, Tagansky District, Tverskoy District, Tekstilshchiki District, Timiryazevsky District, Troparyovo-Nikulino District, Filyovsky Park District, Fili-Davydkovo District, Khamovniki District, Khovrino District, Khoroshevo-Mnevniki District, Khoroshyovsky District, Shchukino District, Yuzhnoye Medvedkovo District, Yuzhnoye Tushino District, Yuzhnoportovy District, Yakimanka District, Yaroslavsky District, Biryulyovo Vostochnoye District, Biryulyovo Zapadnoye District, Brateyevo District, Danilovsky District, Donskoy District, Zyuzino District, Zyablikovo District, Konkovo District, Kotlovka District, Lomonosovsky District, Moskvorechye-Saburovo District, Nagatino-Sadovniki District, Nagatinsky Zaton District, Nagorny District, Obruchevsky District, Orekhovo-Borisovo Severnoye District, Orekhovo-Borisovo Yuzhnoye District, Mosrentgen Settlement, Vnukovskoye Settlement, Voronovskoye Settlement, Voskresenskoye Settlement, Desyonovskoye Settlement, Kievsky Settlement, Clenovsky, Kokoshkino Settlement, Krasnopakhorskoye Settlement, Marushkinskoye Settlement, Q4373606, Moskovsky Settlement, Novofedorovskoe, Pervomayskoye, Rogovskoye Settlement, Ryazanovskoye Settlement, Sosenskoye Settlement, Troitsk, Filimonkovskoye Settlement, Shchapovskoye settlement, Shcherbinka, Severnoye Butovo District, Staroye Kryukovo District, Tyoply Stan District, Tsaritsyno District, Cheryomushki District, Chertanovo Severnoye District, Chertanovo Tsentralnoye District, Chertanovo Yuzhnoye District, Yuzhnoye Butovo District, Yasenevo District
Territoria finitima: Regio Moscuensis, Regio Calugensis
Coniunctiones urbium
Tabula aut despectus
Per saecula, urbs facta est caput seriei civitatum, a Magno Ducatu Moscoviae medii aevi et insequente Regno Russico ad Russicam Sovieticam Socialisticam Foederativam Rem Publicam, Unionem Sovieticam et hodiernam Foederationem Russicam. Moscuae exstat Cremlinus, arx antiqua quae hodie est ritum Praesidis Russici et rami exsecutivi administrationis Russiae domicilium atque unus ex nonnullis urbis UNESCO Mundi Hereditatis locis. Ambae camerae parlamenti Russici, Duma Civitatis et Concilium Foederationis, Moscuae sedent.
Moscuae sunt nonnulla epitheta, quorum plurima ad eius magnitudinem et statum intra civitatem spectant: Tertia Roma (Третий Рим), Singulum Saxum Album (Белокаменная), Primum Solium (Первопрестольная).
Geographia
recensereUrbs in Europa Orientali, in Districtu Foederali Medio Foederationis Russicae considit, ad flumen Moscum (etiam Moscua dictum), quod urbi nomen dedit. Iausa et Setun' flumina Moscuae minora sunt, Neglina multaque alia in alveis artificialibus subterraneis fluunt.
Historia
recensereAnno 1147, dux Susdaliae Georgius Longimanus, socium suum, ducem Novogardiae Severiae Sventoslaum, Moscuam invitaverat et ibi concilium cum eo habuit. Testimonium chronicale de eventu illo est commemoratio prima huius urbis in annalibus. Idcirco annus 1147 declaratus est proprium fundationis Moscuae tempus, duce Georgio conditore.
Anno 1238, Mongolo-Tartari Moscuam deleverunt, sed ea renata est.
Urbs anno 1260 facta est caput Moscoviae (ducatus Moscuensis), quae saeculo quarto decimo ascendit et saeculis quarto decimo ad sextum decimum multos ceteros ducatus Ruthenorum adiunxit et sic regnum Russicum conformavit. Sedes ducum Moscoviae atque tzarum Russiae erat Cremlinus Moscuensis.
Gubernium Moscuense, cuius metropolis Moscua fuit, inter primis guberniis Russicis creatum est anno 1708.
Anno 1712, Petrus I, monarcha Russicus, caput regni Petropolim transtulit. Moscua tamen valens urbs Russiae mansit, 'Primum Solium' appellata, locus coronae impositionis imperatorum Russicorum erat.
Ab anno 1918, urbs caput Russiae Sovieticae et ab anno 1922 etiam caput Unionis Sovieticae erat. Praeterea, cum gubernium Moscuense anno 1929 abolitum est, Moscua facta est metropolis regionis Moscuensis, eodem anno creatae.
Annis tricesimis quadragesimisque Iosephus Stalin ornatu Moscuam restruere incepit, at Bellum Magnum Patrium omnia proposita complere obstitit. Hos annis caeliscalpium Universitatis Publicae Moscuensis aedificabantur.
Anno 1991, post discidium URSS, Moscua facta est caput Russiae sui iuris.
Numerus incolarum
recensereCivium numerus, secundum censum anni 2010, est 11 503 501,[2] secundum autem aestimationem anni 2012, 11 629 116.[3] est. Moscua numero incolarum est maxima Russiae totiusque Europae urbs et sexta a maxima mundi urbe.
Incolae urbis ut plurimum sunt gentis Russorum (84.83%). Moscuae etiam habitant homines multarum aliarum gentium: Ucraini (2,44 %), Tatari (1.60% ), Armeni (1.20%), etc.
Demonymum civis Moscuensis est Moscovita (Russice москвич, tr. moskvič).[4]
Secundum indicem Forbes (2011), Moscuae fuerunt 79 miliardarii, plus quam Novo Eboraco, ut cui plurimi sint miliardarii.[5]
Oeconomia
recensereMoscua fuit magnum industriae sedes (e.g. constructionis machinarum et metallurgiae) et nunc est sedes mercaturae, ubi sita est publica mediae Russiae mensa.
Transportatio
recensereUrbi est amplum transportationis rete, inter quod quattuor aeroportus internationales, novem stationes ferriviarum, et unus ex altissimis orbis terrarum tubis subterraneis, Metro Moscuensis, per numerum itinerum alter solum a tubo in Tocio, et habitum unum ex urbis monumentis ob opulentam et diversissimam stationum 185 architecturam.
Scientia et cultura
recensereMoscua est valens scientiae culturaeque sedes. Multas universitates studiorum (Universitas Publica Moscuensis, Universitas Paedagogica Publica Moscuensis, Universitas Publica Technica Moscuensis, Institutum Publicum Relationum Internationalium Moscuense, etc.), theatra et musea, quorum Pinacotheca Tretiakoviana memorari potest, habet. Moscuae sita est Bibliotheca Civica Russiae, maxima in Russia, necnon Lužniki stadium. Hac in urbe sunt multa monumenta historiae et culturae.
Religio
recensereIncolae religiosae Moscuae praesertim sunt Christiani Orthodoxi, cum aliarum religionum fideles (e.g. Musulmani, Iudaei, Buddhistae) hac in urbe haud pauci sunt.
Moscuae residit archiepiscopus Russicae (Ruthenicae) Ecclesiae Orthodoxae—Patriarcha Moscuensis et totius Russiae (Rutheniae), sedem suam in Monasterio Sancti Danielis habens. De ecclesiis orthodoxis Moscuae 'Quadraginta Quadragies' (Сорок Сороков) dicebatur. In lingua Russica vetere verbum сорок 'quadraginta' etiam significavit administrativum ecclesiae districtum, qui in circa quadraginta templis constitit.
Loci notabiles
recensereMoscuae sunt multa monumenta historiae et architecturae, e.g., Cremlinus Moscuensis (arx antiqua urbis, inter alia nonnulla clara templa et palatia atque Tzarem-campanam et Tzarem-gunnam habens) cum foro Pulchro (ubi sunt Ecclesia Cathedralis Basilii Beati, Pantopolium principale et Mausoleum Leninense). Foro Pulchro Kitaigorod adiacet. Monumenta alia notiora sunt Tsaritsyno, Kolomenskoje, Ecclesia omnium sanctorum in Kulischki, Monasterium Novodevicense etc.
Munera notabilia
recensereIncolae notabiles
recensereNati
recensere- Alexander II (imperator Russiae)
- Alexius (tzar Russiae)
- Anna (imperatrix Russiae)
- Michael Anikušin
- Agnia Barto
- Andreas Belyj
- Sergius Botkin
- Iacobus Daniel Bruce
- Nicolaus Bucharin
- Michael Chodorkovskij
- Marina Cvetaeva
- Helgus Dahl
- Demetrius (magnus dux Moscoviae)
- Leonidas Derbenëv
- Eugenius Dolmatovskij
- Leo Durov
- Vladimirus Durov
- Helgus Efremov
- Vladimirus Ėtuš
- Paulus Filonov
- Vladislaus Galkin
- Valerius Garkalin
- Valerius Gergiev
- Alexander Griboedov
- Alexander Herzen
- Romanus Jakobson
- Georgius Jumatov
- Leo Kamenev
- Maia Kristalinskaja
- Leonidas Kuravlëv
- Basilius Lanovoj
- Sergius Lavrov
- Basilius Lebedev-Kumač
- Eugenius Leonov
- Michael Lermontov
- Vladislaus List'ev
- Alexander Menšikov
- Michael (tzar Russiae)
- Sergius Michalkov
- Andreas Mironov
- Georgius Nagibin
- Helgus Nikitinski
- Boris Pasternak
- Constantinus Paustovskij
- Petrus I (imperator Russiae)
- Nicolaus Pirogov
- Michael Pokrovskij
- Boris Polevoj
- Elias Prigogine
- Iacobus Protazanov
- Alla Pugačëva
- Alexander Puškin
- Alexander Reformatskij
- Andreas Sacharov
- Alexius Savrasov
- Iulianus Semënov
- Iaroslaus Smeljakov
- Marina Solodkin
- Sophia Alexii filia
- Vladimirus Suteev
- Alexander Suvorov
- Boris Šeremetev
- Ioannes Šmelëv
- Tatiana Šmyga
- Theodorus I (tzar Russiae)
- Theodorus III (tzar Russiae)
- Paulus Tret'jakov
- Elsa Triolet
- Demetrius Ušakov
- Constantinus Vanšenkin
- Nicolaus Vavilov
- Sergius Vavilov
- Michael Žarov
Mortui
recensere- Sergius Aksakov
- Gregorius Alexandrov
- Alexius (tzar Russiae)
- Alexius II (patriarcha Moscuensis)
- Andreas Rublëv
- Georgius Andropov
- Vladimirus Antonov-Ovseenko
- Michael Bachtin
- Agnia Barto
- Basilius (beatus)
- Nicolaus Basov
- Vladimirus Bechterev
- Andreas Belyj
- Laurentius Beria
- Marcus Bernes
- Helena Blaginina
- Matthaeus Blanter
- Alexander Bogdanov
- Nicetas Bogoslovskij
- Victor Bokov
- Sergius Bondarčuk
- Leonidas Brežnev
- Nicolaus Bucharin
- Michael Bulgakov
- Georgius Burkov
- Nicetas Chruščëv
- Constantinus Černenko
- Vladimirus Dahl
- Daniel (dux Moscoviae)
- Catharina Daškova
- Alexander Dejneka
- Demetrius (magnus dux Moscoviae)
- Vladimirus Demichov
- Leonidas Derbenëv
- Eugenius Dolmatovskij
- Isaac Dunaevskij
- Leo Durov
- Vladimirus Durov
- Felix Dzierżyński
- Boris Efimov
- Helgus Efremov
- Ioannes Efremov
- Elias Ehrenburg
- Sergius Eisenstein
- Nicolaus Fëdorov
- Leonidas Filatov
- Marcus Fradkin
- Vladislaus Galkin
- Petrus Gannuškin
- Valerius Garkalin
- Michael Gerasimov
- Sergius Gerasimov
- Vladimirus Giljarovskij
- Nicolaus Gogol
- Christianus Goldbach
- Alexander Gradskij
- Andreas Gromyko
- Basilius Grossman
- Ioannes Gubkin
- Ludmila Gurčenko
- Ioannes III (magnus dux Moscoviae)
- Ioannes IV (tzar Russiae)
- Michael Isakovskij
- Georgius Jumatov
- Lazarus Kaganovič
- Leo Kamenev
- Petrus Kapica
- Petrus Kaščenko
- Beniaminus Kaverin
- Emmanuel Kazakevič
- Aram Khachaturian
- Mstislaus Keldyš
- Eugenius Kibrik
- Alexandra Kołłątaj
- Eduardus Kolmanovskij
- Petrus Končalovskij
- Sergius Konënkov
- Ioannes Kozlovs'kyj
- Maia Kristalinskaja
- Leonidas Kuravlëv
- Inguarus Kurčatov
- Nicolaus Kuznecov
- Marina Ladynina
- Leo Landau
- Basilius Lanovoj
- Basilius Lebedev-Kumač
- Franciscus Iacobus Lefort
- Aristarchus Lentulov
- Eugenius Leonov
- Isaacus Levitan
- Vladislaus List'ev
- Alexius Losev
- Ludmila Ljadova
- Leontius Magnickij
- Merab Mamardashvili
- Eugenius Martynov
- Vladimirus Men'šov
- Vsevolodus Meyerhold
- Michael (tzar Russiae)
- Sergius Michalkov
- Alexander Mitta
- Andreas Mjagkov
- Vera Muchina
- Georgius Nagibin
- Vladimirus Naumov
- Boris Nemtsov
- Michael Nesterov
- Ionas Nikitčenko
- Sergius Nikol'skij
- Nicolaus Nosov
- Nicolaus Novikov
- Alexius Novikov-Priboj
- Georgius Olesza
- Alexander Oparin
- Gregorius Orlov
- Leo Ošanin
- Sergius Ožegov
- Constantinus Paustovskij
- Basilius Perov
- Petrus II (imperator Russiae)
- Andreas Platonov
- Nicolaus Podgornyj
- Poemen (patriarcha Moscuensis)
- Michael Pokrovskij
- Boris Polevoj
- Anna Politkovskaja
- Eugenius Polivanov
- Eugenius Primakov
- Alexander Prochorov
- Sergius Prokof'ev
- Iacobus Protazanov
- Alexander Ptuško
- Michael Pugovkin
- Ioannes Pyr'ev
- Iosephus Rapoport
- Valentinus Rasputin
- Boris Rauschenbach
- Alexander Reformatskij
- Sventoslaus Richter
- Michael Romm
- Mstislaus Rostropowicz
- Victor Rozov
- Romanus Rudenko
- Andreas Sacharov
- Alexius Savrasov
- Otto Schmidt
- Nicolaus Semënov
- Sergius (patriarcha Moscuensis)
- Valentinus Serov
- Nicolaus Sličenko
- Innocentius Smoktunovskij
- Vitalis Solomin
- Sophia Alexii filia
- Iosephus Stalin
- Alexander Stoletov
- Michael Svetlov
- Michael Suslov
- Vladimirus Suteev
- Demetrius Szostakowicz
- Ioannes Šadr
- Barlaam Šalamov
- Leo Ščerba
- Alexius Ščusev
- Boris Šeremetev
- Venceslaus Šiškov
- Tatiana Šmyga
- Claudia Šul'ženko
- Michael Tanič
- Theodorus I (tzar Russiae)
- Theodorus III (tzar Russiae)
- Leo Theremin
- Venceslaus Tichonov
- Germanus Titov
- Paulus Tret'jakov
- Petrus Todorovskij
- Ioannes Tumanjan
- Tycho (patriarcha Moscuensis)
- Ljubov' Orlova
- Galina Ulanova
- Leonidas Utësov
- Constantinus Vanšenkin
- Sergius Vavilov
- Alexander Veltman
- Vincentius Veresaev
- Galina Višnevskaja
- Nicolaus Zabolockij
- Boris Zachoder
- Gregorius Zinoviev
- Valerius Zolotuchin
- Michael Žarov
Nexus interni
recensereNotae
recensere- ↑ J. G. Th. Graesse, Orbis Latinus (Dresdae: Schönfeld, 1861; 1909. Brunsvici, 1972, 3 voll.) 1 2 3; Ephemeris 2007/Breves. Quamquam una tantum nominis forma in titulo et lemmate adlata opus est, nihil est, quin curiositatis causa alias quoque nominis formas quandoque usitatas adiciamus, quae sunt: Mosqua, Moscovia (ambae formae ex Graesse) et denique Moscha (Ioannes Hofmannus, Lexicon universale, tomus III, p. 222).
- ↑ "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1". Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (Census Russica 2010). Federal State Statistics Service. 2011
- ↑ [1].
- ↑ Lexicon Russico-Latinum.
- ↑ Ody, Elizabeth (2011-03-10). "Carlos Slim Tops Forbes List of Billionaires for Second Year". Bloomberg.
Bibliographia
recensere- Berton, Kathleen. 1991. Moscow: An Architectural History. St. Martin's Press.
- Brooke, Caroline. 2006. Moscow: A Cultural History. Oxford University Press.
- Brumfield, William Craft. 2004. A History of Russian Architecture. Seattli: University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-98394-3.
- Bushnell, John. 1990. Moscow Graffiti: Language and Subculture. Unwin Hyman.
- D'Amato, Giuseppe. 1998. "Mosca 1990–1993." In Il Diario del Cambiamento. Mediolani: Greco & Greco. ISBN 88-7980-187-2.
- Dutkina, Galina. 1995. Moscow Days: Life and Hard Times in the New Russia. Conversus a Catherine Fitzpatrick. Kodansha America.
- Girard, Marcel. 1967. Splendours of Moscow and Its Surroundings. Ex Francogallice conversus.
- Hromov, S. S., et al., eds. 1981. History of Moscow: An Outline. Ex Russico conversus.
- Neubert, Karel. 1964. Portrait of Moscow.
- Schmidt, Albert J. 1989. The Architecture and Planning of Classical Moscow: A Cultural History.
- Большой атлас Москвы / Московский гос. ун-т им. М. В. Ломоносова; картогр. основа — Роскартография; науч. рук. Н. С. Касимов, В. С. Тикунов. — Moscuae: Феория, 2013. — 999 с. — ISBN 978-5-91796-032-6.
- Колодный Л. Е. 1991. Москва у нас одна. Moscuae: Политиздат.
- Москва. Энциклопедия / гл. ред. А. Л. Нарочницкий. — Moscuae: Советская Энциклопедия, 1980.
Nexus externi
recensereSitus geographici et historici: Locus: 55°45′2″N 37°37′3″E • OpenStreetMap • 524901 GeoNames • Thesaurus Getty • Facebook Places • Store norske Lexikon • Treccani • Большая российская энциклопедия |
Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Moscuam spectant. |
Athenae • Barcino • Belogradum • Berolinum • Birminghamia • Bruxellae • Bucaresta • Budapestinum • Casanum • Catharinopolis • Charcovia • Colonia Agrippina • Constantinopolis • Hamburgum • Kiovia • Londinium • Lutetia • Matritum • Mediolanum • Minscum • Monacum • Moscua • Neapolis • Novogardia Inferior • Odessa • Permia • Petropolis • Praga • Roma • Rostovia ad Tanaim • Samara • Serdica • Ufa • Varsavia • Vindobona • Volgogradum • Voronegia
Ordine alphabetico enumeratae: Amstelodamum • Andorra Vetus • Athenae • Belogradum • Berna • Berolinum • Bratislavia • Bruxellae • Bucaresta • Budapestinum • Chisinau • Eblana • Hafnia • Helsingia • Holmia • Kiovia • Labacum • Londinium • Lutetia • Luxemburgum • Marinum • Matritum • Minscum • Monoecus • Moscua • Olisipo • Osloa • Podgorica • Praga • Reykiavica • Riga • Roma • Scupi • Seraium • Serdica • Tallinna • Valetta • Vallis Dulcis • Varsavia • civitas Vaticana • Vilna • Vindobona • Zagrabia
Sub civitatum nominibus annexae: Albania • Andorra • Austria • Belgia • Bosnia et Herzegovina • Britanniarum Regnum • Bulgaria • Cechia • Croatia • Dania • Estonia • Finnia • Francia • Germania • Graecia • Helvetia • Hibernia • Hispania • Hungaria • Islandia • Italia • Lettonia • Lichtenstenum • Lituania • Portugallia • Luxemburgum • Macedonia • Melita • Moldavia • Monoecus • Mons Niger • Nederlandia • Norvegia • Polonia • Romania • Russia • Ruthenia Alba • Sanctus Marinus • Serbia • Slovacia • Slovenia • Suecia • Turcia • Ucraina • civitas Vaticana