Animalia[1] (-ium, n., ab anima), seu Metazoa (-orum, n., a Gr. μέτα + ζῷᾰ), in biologia hodie appellantur illa copia rerum viventium quae simul sunt eukaryoticae, heterotrophicae, et multicellulares, et quae motiles aliquando in circulo vitae embryonice per blastulas evoluta sunt. Animalia cuncta quoque parietibus cellularibus duris et chloroplastis omnino carent. Scientia quae animalia investigat zoologia appellatur.


Eukaryota — 
Animalia
Linnaeus, 1758
   
Palaeontologia
665–0 m.a.Cryogenium > Recens
Subdivisiones: Subregna
Synonyma
* Metazoa Haeckel, 1874

Regnum Animalium sive fauna hodie ponitur unum ex sex regnorum rerum viventium. Animalis definitio, quae rei interest, se per aetates evolvens hodie ab animalibus excludit protozoa, quae potius in regno Protistorum cum protophylis et aliis organsimis unicellularibus locatur. In Historia naturae a Carolo Linnaeo scripta, animalia partiebantur in paucas classes: Vermes, Insecta, Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia; hodie autem regnum in multis phylis consistit, unumquodque plures classes continens.

Systema taxinomicum regni animalium

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Supraimperium: Biota

Nexus interni

  1. Quoddam blog.
  2. Confer Protozoa quae unam cellulam habent et hodie classificatur in Protistorum regnum.

Bibliographia

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  • Baguñà, J., et M. Riutort. 2004. "Molecular Phylogeny of the Platyhelminthes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 82: 168–93.
  • Brusca, Richard C., et Gary J. Brusca. 1990. Invertebrates. Sinauer.
  • Dunn, C. W., A. Hejnol, D. Q. Matus, K. Pang, W. E. Browne, S. A. Smith, E. Seaver, G. W. Rouse, M. Obst, G. D. Edgecombe, M. V. Sørensen, S. H. D. Haddock, A. Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. Okusu, R. Møbjerg Kristensen, W. C. Wheeler, M. Q. Martindale, et G. Giribet. 2008. "Broad Phylogenomic Sampling Improves Resolution of the Animal Tree of Life." Nature 452: 745–49.
  • Gaidos E., T. Dubuc, M. Dunford, P. Mcandrew, J. Padilla-Gamino, B. Studer, K. Weersing, et S. Stanley. 2007. "The Precambrian Emergence of Animal Life: A Geobiological Perspective." Geobiology 5: 351–73.
  • Nielsen, Klaus. 2001. Animal Evolution: Interrelationships of the Living Phyla. Ed. secunda. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.
  • Philippe, H., R. Derelle, P. Lopez, K. Pick, C. Borchiellini, N. Boury-Esnault, J. Vacelet, E. Renard, E. Houliston, E. Quéinnec, C. Da Silva, P. Wincker, H. Le Guyader, S. Leys, D. J. Jackson, F. Schreiber, D. Erpenbeck, Wörheide G. Morgenstern, et M. Manuel. 2009. "Phylogenomics Revives Traditional Views on Deep Animal Relationships." Current Biology 19.
  • Schmidt-Nielsen, Knut. 1997. Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment. Ed. quinta. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
  • Shalchian-Tabrizi, K., M. A. Minge, M. Espelund, R. Orr, T. Ruden, K. S. Jakobsen, et T. Cavalier-Smith. 2008. "Multigene Phylogeny of Choanozoa and the Origin of Animals." PLoS ONE 3:e2098.
  • Steenkamp, E. T., J. Wright, et S. L. Baldauf. 2006. "The Protistan Origins of Animals and Fungi." Molecular Biology and Evolution 23: 93–106.

Nexus externi

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  Situs scientifici:  • ITIS • Biodiversity • Encyclopedia of Life • WoRMS: Marine Species • Fossilworks
  Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Animalia spectant.
  Vide "Animalia" apud Vicispecies.