Domitus est ratio qua species animalium arte humana ad potestatem humanam adsuescuntur. Domitus proprietas est quippe artificiosa ab hominum electione. Aliquae species, sicut Elephas maximus, cuius permulti singulariter sunt animalia labori diutissime dicata, haud "domita" habentur quia sub potestate humana plerumque non alita sunt, quamquam saepe mansuefiunt. Homines animalia domita ob multas causas curaverunt: ut cibum et pretiosas merces (sicut lanam, gossypium, vel sericum) producant, ut multis modis laborent (ut hominibus resque transportent et tutentur), ut se et pecus protegant, ut voluptatem dent (sicut et plantae ornamentales), et pro investigationibus scientificis (velut indagationes curae quorundam morborum). Animalia ob sodalitatem domi mansuefacta appellari possunt animalia domestica seu dilecta, atque causá cibi vel laboris animalia domesticata seu domita.

Canes et oves fuerunt inter prima animalia mansuefacta.

Plantae cultae praecipue causa dilectationis aestheticae in domo et circa domum saepe ornamentales appellantur; mansuefactae autem plantae quae pro copiis cibi adhibentur "fruges" usitate appellantur. Discrimen fieri potest inter plantas cultas quae homines cogitate ob proprietates optabiles mutaverunt aut legerunt (vide cultigenus, cultivarietas) et plantas silvestres quae sine mutatione in hortos aut viridaria removentur ibique coluntur.

Domitus animalium recensere

Tempora locique primi domitus recensere

Animal Annus a.C.n. Locus
Canis lupus familiaris 15000[1] Asia Orientalis et Africa
Ovis aries 9000 ad 11000[2][3] Asia Meridio-Orientalis
Capra 10000[4] Iran
Sus scrofa domestica 9000[5] Asia Occidentalis, Sina
Bos taurus 8000[6][7] Subcontinens Indicus, Asia Occidentalis, Africa sub-Saharana
Feles 7500[8] Cyprus et Asia Occidentalis
Gallus 6000[9] Subcontinens Indicus, Asia Meridio-Orientalis
Cavia porcellus 5000[10] Peruvia
Equus asinus 5000[11][12] Aegyptus
Anas platyrhynchos 4000 Sina
Bubalus bubalis 4000 India, Sina
Equus caballus 4000[13] Eurasian Steppes
Camelus dromedarius 4000 Arabia
Lama glama 3500 Peruvia
Bombyx mori 3000 Sina
Tarandrus 3000[14] Russia
Columba livia 3000 Basin Mediterranea
Anser anser domesticus 3000[15] Aegyptus
Camelus bactrianus 2500 Media Asia
Bos grunniens 2500 Thibetum
Bos javanicus Saeculo ignoto Asia Meridio-Orientalis, Iava
Bos gaurus frontalis Saeculo ignoto Asia Meridio-Orientalis
Vicugna pacos 1500 Peruvia
furo 1500 Europa
Cairina momelanotus Saeculo ignoto America Meridionalis
Numididae Saeculo ignoto Africa
Cyprinus carpio Saeculo ignoto Asia Orientalis
Gallopavo domestica 500 Mexicum
Carassius auratus Saeculo ignoto Sina
Oryctolagus cuniculus 1600 Europa

Circulus alter recensere

Animal Classis Ordo Tempus Locus
Bos primigenius indicus Artiodactyla Mammalia 8000 BCE India
Apis Hymenoptera Insecta 4000 BCE Multi loci
Elephas maximus Proboscidea Mammalia 2000 BCE Civilizatio Vallis Indi
Dama dama Artiodactyla Mammalia 1000 BCE Basin Mediterranea
Pavo cristatus Galliformes Aves 500 BCE India
Streptopelia risoria Columbiformes Aves 500 BCE Africa Septentrionalis
Coturnix japonica Galliformes Aves 1100–1900 Iaponia
Serinus canaria Passeriformes Aves 1600 Canariae, Europa
Aix galericulata Anseriformes Aves Ignotum Sina
Cygnus olor Anseriformes Aves 1000–1500 Europa

Exempla domitus hodierni recensere

Animal Ordo Classis Tempus Locus
Rattus norvegicus (varietas fancy rat) Rodentia Mammalia 1800s Britanniarum Regnum
Vulpes Carnivora Mammalia 1800s Europa
Neovison vison, Mustela lutreola Carnivora Mammalia 1800s Europa
Melopsittacus undulatus Psittaciformes Aves 1850s Europa
Nymphicus hollandicus Psittaciformes Aves 1870s Europa
Taeniopygia guttata Passeriformes Aves 1900s Australia
Cricetinae Rodentia Mammalia 1930s United States
Vulpes vulpes domestica Carnivora Mammalia 1950s Unio Sovietica
Ovibos moschatus Artiodactyla Mammalia 1960s United States
Elaphe guttata Squamata Reptilia 1960s Civitates Foederatae
Python regius Squamata Reptilia 1960s
Gromphadorhina portentosa Blattodea Insecta 1960s
Cervus Artiodactyla Mammalia 1970s Nova Zelandia
Erinaceinae Erinaceomorpha Mammalia 1980s Civitates Foederatae
Petaurus breviceps Diprotodontia Mammalia 1980s Australia
Mephitidae Carnivora Mammalia 1980s Civitatum Foederatarum
Potos flavus Carnivora Mammalia tempus incertum Media America

Animalia olim mansuefacta recensere

Nonnullae species dicuntur mansuefactae fuisse, sed non iam mansuetae sunt, aut quia eae sunt exstinctae, aut quia earum forma domita non exstat. Exempla sunt Bassariscus astutus, Bos aegyptiacus, elephantes Africanus et Asianus (vide Elephas belli), Puma yagouaroundi, et Strigops habroptila.

Hybridae recensere

Multa horum nominum sunt portmanteaux Anglici.

Nexus interni

Notae recensere

  1. Vide Origo canis domestici
  2. Krebs, Robert E. & Carolyn A. (2003). Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions & Discoveries of the Ancient World. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31342-3 
  3. Simmons, Paula; Carol Ekarius (2001). Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep. North Adams, MA: Storey Publishing LLC. ISBN 978-1-58017-262-2 
  4. Melinda A. Zeder, Goat busters track domestication (Physiologic changes and evolution of goats into a domesticated animal), April 2000.
  5. Giuffra E, Kijas JM, Amarger V, Carlborg O, Jeon JT, Andersson L. The origin of the domestic pig: independent domestication and subsequent introgression., April 2000.
  6. Late Neolithic megalithic structures at Nabta Playa (Sahara), southwestern Egypt.
  7. Fons: Laboratoire de Préhistoire et Protohistoire de l'Ouest de la France [1].
  8. [2], domestication of the cat on Cyprus, National Geographic.
  9. West B. and Zhou, B-X., Did chickens go north? New evidence for domestication, World’s Poultry Science Journal, 45, 205-218, 1989, Formula:PDFlink, 8 p.
  10. History of the Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) in South America, a summary of the current state of knowledge
  11. Beja-Pereira, Albano et al., African Origins of the Domestic Donkey, Science 304:1781, 18 June 2004, cited in New Scientist.
  12. Roger Blench, The history and spread of donkeys in Africa|235 KiB.
  13. The Domestication of the Horse; vide etiam Domitus equi
  14. Domestication of Reindeer
  15. Geese: the underestimated species

Nexus externi recensere