Theraphosidae

Theraphosidae sunt familia magnarum saetosarumque aranearum infraordinis Mygalomorpharum,^[1] quarum circiter mille species hodie descriptae sunt.^[2] Nonnullae ex speciebus vulgatis in commercio mirificorum animalium dilectorum populo grata factae sunt; multis autem Mundi Novi speciebus dilectis sunt saetae urticantes, quae cutem hominum inflammare, atque adeo oculos ladere possunt.^[3]

Brachypelma klaasi (vulgo 'tarantula rosea mexicana')

Animalia — Arthropoda

Subphylum : Chelicerata
Classis : Arachnida
Ordo : Araneae
Infraordo : Mygalomorphae
Familia : Theraphosidae
Thorell, 1869

Palaeontologia

Neogaeno–praesens

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Subdivisiones: Genera

Territorium

Prospectus recensere

Theraphosidae, sicut omnia arthropoda, sunt invertebrata quorum subsidium musculare exosceleto nititur.^[4] Corpus, sicut corpora aliorum arachnidorum, in duabus partibus principalibus consistit, quae sunt prosoma (vel cephalothorax) et opisthosoma (vel abdomen), ambobus per pedicellum conectis. Quae res conectens in media corporis parte re vera est pars prosomatis, quae opisthosomati latam motionis extensionem de motione prosomatis dat.

Distributio recensere

Theraphosidae variarum specierum per Civitates Foederatas, Mexicum, et Americam Mediam et Australem vigent. Aliae species varie per Africam, multum Asiae (Insulis Riuciuensibus in Iaponia meridiana non exclusis), et omnem Australiam. In Europa, nonnullae species Hispania, Portugalia, Turcia, Italia meridiana, et Cypro inveniuntur.

Taxinomia recensere

Pro collocatione theraphosidarum inter Mygalomorphas, vide cladogramma.

Mygalomorphae

	Antrodiaetidae

	Atypidae

	Theraphosidae

	Paratropididae

Cyrtaucheniidae

	Ctenizidae

	Idiopidae

	Actinopodidae

	Migidae

Araneomorphae

Cladogramma gregis.^[5]

Subfamiliae recensere

Quindecim subfamiliae agnoscuntur.

Genera recensere

Apertura cuniculi cuiusdam theraphosidae.

Theraphosida ad ostium sui cuniculi stat.

Aphonopelma mojave: theraphosida in Deserto Mojave indigena cuniculum petit.

Ungues in fine cruris Lasiodorae parahybanae.

Theraphosida Brasiliana se defendens minatur.

Thermica theraphosidae imago super endothermicam hominis manum.

Theraphosida fricta in caupona Cambodiana.

Adulta Brachypelma smithi femina, saetis remotis.

Aphonopelma eutylenum mas prope Exeter Californiae errat.

Annandaliella travancorica, Theraphosida ex ghat occidentalibus.

Mense Iulio anni 2020, World Spider Catalog haec genera accipiebat.^[9]

Acanthopelma F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 – Guiana
Acanthoscurria Ausserer, 1871 – America Australis, Guatemala
Acentropelma Pocock, 1901 – Beliza, Mexicum, Guatemala
Aenigmarachne Schmidt, 2005 – Costarica
Agnostopelma Pérez-Miles & Weinmann, 2010 – Columbia
Aguapanela Perafán & Cifuentes, 2015
Annandaliella Hirst, 1909 – India
Anoploscelus Pocock, 1897 – Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda
Antillena Bertani, Huff & Fukushima, 2017 – Respublica Dominicana
Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901 – America Septentrionalis, America Media
Augacephalus Gallon, 2002 – Africa Australis, Mozambicum, Eswatini
Avicularia Lamarck, 1818 – America Australis, Trinitas et Tabacum, Panama
Bacillochilus Gallon, 2010 – Angola
Batesiella Pocock, 1903 – Cameronia
Birupes Gabriel & Sherwood, 2019 – Malaesia
Bistriopelma Kaderka, 2015 – Peruvia

Bonnetina Vol, 2000 – Mexicum
Brachionopus Pocock, 1897 – Africa Australis
Brachypelma Simon, 1891 – Mexicum, Costarica, Guatemala
Bumba Pérez-Miles, Bonaldo & Miglio, 2014 – Brasilia, Venetiola, Aequatoria
Cardiopelma Vol, 1999 – Regio ignota
Caribena Fukushima & Bertani, 2017 – Cuba
Catanduba Yamamoto, Lucas & Brescovit, 2012 – Brasilia
Catumiri Guadanucci, 2004 – America Australis
Ceratogyrus Pocock, 1897 – Africa
Chaetopelma Ausserer, 1871 – Asia, Graecia, Africa
Chilobrachys Karsch, 1892 – Asia
Chromatopelma Schmidt, 1995 – Venetiola
Citharacanthus Pocock, 1901 – Cuba, America Media, Mexicum
Citharognathus Pocock, 1895 – Indonesia
Clavopelma Chamberlin, 1940 – Mexicum
Coremiocnemis Simon, 1892 – Malaesia, Indonesia, Australia
Cotztetlana Mendoza, 2012 – Mexicum
Crassicrus Reichling & West, 1996 – Mexicum, Beliza
Cubanana Ortiz, 2008 – Cuba
Cyclosternum Ausserer, 1871 – America Australis, Mexicum, Costarica
Cymbiapophysa Gabriel & Sherwood, 2020
Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903 – America Australis, Trinitas et Tabacum
Cyriopagopus Simon, 1887 – Asia
Cyrtopholis Simon, 1892 – Regio Maris Caribici
Davus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1892 – America Media, Mexicum
Dolichothele Mello-Leitão, 1923 – Brasilia, Bolivia
Encyocratella Strand, 1907 – Tanzania
Encyocrates Simon, 1892 – Madagascaria
Ephebopus Simon, 1892 – Surinamia, Brasilia
Euathlus Ausserer, 1875 – Tsilia, Argentina
Eucratoscelus Pocock, 1898 – Kenia, Tanzania
Eumenophorus Pocock, 1897 –Mons Leonis
Eupalaestrus Pocock, 1901 – America Australis
Euphrictus Hirst, 1908 – Cameronia, Respublica Congensis
Euthycaelus Simon, 1889 – Columbia, Venetiola
Grammostola Simon, 1892 – America Australis
Guyruita Guadanucci, Lucas, Indicatti & Yamamoto, 2007 – Brasilia, Venetiola
Hapalopus Ausserer, 1875 – America Australis, Panama
Hapalotremus Simon, 1903 – Bolivia, Peruvia, Argentina
Haploclastus Simon, 1892 – India
Haplocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1996 – Nepalia
Harpactira Ausserer, 1871 – Africa Australis, Namibia
Harpactirella Purcell, 1902 – Africa Australis, Marocum
Hemirrhagus Simon, 1903 – Mexicum
Heterophrictus Pocock, 1900 – India
Heteroscodra Pocock, 1900 – Cameronia, Gabonia, Respubica Congensis
Heterothele Karsch, 1879 – Africa, Argentina
Holothele Karsch, 1879 – Regio Maris Caribici, America Australis
Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 – America Australis
Hysterocrates Simon, 1892 – Africa
Idiothele Hewitt, 1919 – Africa Australis
Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 – Brasilia
Ischnocolus Ausserer, 1871 – Africa, Asia, Brasilia, Europa
Kankuamo Perafán, Galvis & Pérez-Miles, 2016
Kochiana Fukushima, Nagahama & Bertani, 2008 – Brasilia
Lampropelma Simon, 1892 – Indonesia, Malaesia, Singapura
Lasiodora C. L. Koch, 1850 – America Australis, Costarica
Lasiodorides Schmidt & Bischoff, 1997 – Aequatoria, Peruvia
Longilyra Gabriel, 2014 – Salvatoria
Loxomphalia Simon, 1889 – Tanzania
Loxoptygus Simon, 1903 – Aethiopia
Lyrognathus Pocock, 1895 – Indonesia, India, Malaesia
Magnacarina Mendoza, Locht, Kaderka, Medina & Pérez-Miles, 2016 – Mexicum
Mascaraneus Gallon, 2005 – Mauritius
Megaphobema Pocock, 1901 – Costarica, Columbia, Aequatoria
Melognathus Chamberlin, 1917
Metriopelma Becker, 1878 – Mexicum
Miaschistopus Pocock, 1897 – Venetioa
Monocentropus Pocock, 1897 – Iemenia, Madagascaria
Munduruku Miglio, Bonaldo & Pérez-MIles, 2013
Mygalarachne Ausserer, 1871 – Honduria
Myostola Simon, 1903 – Gabonia, Cameronia
Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 – Panama
Neoheterophrictus Siliwal & Raven, 2012 – India
Neoholothele Guadanucci & Weinmann, 2015 – Columbia, Trinitas et Tabacum, Ventiola
Neostenotarsus Pribik & Weinmann, 2004 – Guiana Francica
Nesiergus Simon, 1903 – Insulae Seisellenses
Nesipelma Schmidt & Kovařík, 1996 – Sanctus Christophorus et Nives
Nhandu Lucas, 1983 – Brasilia, Paraquaria
Omothymus Thorell, 1891 – Malaesia
Ornithoctonus Pocock, 1892 – Birmania, Thailandia
Orphnaecus Simon, 1892 – Papua Nova Guinea,Philippinae
Ozopactus Simon, 1889 – Venetiola
Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 – Brasilia
Pamphobeteus Pocock, 1901 – America Australis, Panama
Pelinobius Karsch, 1885 – Kenia, Tanzania
Phlogiellus Pocock, 1897 – Asia, Papua Nova Guinea
Phoneyusa Karsch, 1884 – Africa
Phormictopus Pocock, 1901 – Cuba, Argentina, Brasilia
Phormingochilus Pocock, 1895 – Indonesia
Phrixotrichus Simon, 1889 – Tsilia, Argentina
Plesiopelma Pocock, 1901 – America Australis
Plesiophrictus Pocock, 1899 – India, Micronesia, Srilanca
Poecilotheria Simon, 1885 – Srilanca, India
Proshapalopus Mello-Leitão, 1923 – Brasilia, Columbia
Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1895 – Trinitas et Tabacum, America Australis, America Media, Mexicum
Psednocnemis West, Nunn & Hogg, 2012 – Malaesia, Indonesia
Pseudhapalopus Strand, 1907 – America Australis, Trinitas et Tabacum
Pseudoclamoris Hüsser, 2018 – Columbia, Peruvia, Aequatoria
Pterinochilus Pocock, 1897 – Africa
Pterinopelma Pocock, 1901 – Brasilis
Reichlingia Rudloff, 2001 – Beliza
Reversopelma Schmidt, 2001 – Aequatoria vel Peruvia
Sahydroaraneus Mirza & Sanap, 2014 – India
Sandinista Longhorn & Gabriel, 2019
Schismatothele Karsch, 1879 – Venetiola, Columbia
Schizopelma F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 – Mexicum
Scopelobates Simon, 1903 – Respublica Dominicana
Selenocosmia Ausserer, 1871 – Oceania, Asia
Selenogyrus Pocock, 1897 – Litus Eburneum, Mons Leonis
Selenotholus Hogg, 1902 – Australia
Selenotypus Pocock, 1895 – Australia
Sericopelma Ausserer, 1875 – America Media, Brasilia, Mexicum
Sickius Soares & Camargo, 1948 – Brasilia
Sphaerobothria Karsch, 1879 – Costarica, Panama
Spinosatibiapalpus Gabriel & Sherwood, 2020
Stichoplastoris Rudloff, 1997 – Salvatoria, Costarica, Panama
Stromatopelma Karsch, 1881 – Africa
Tapinauchenius Ausserer, 1871 – America Australis, Sanctus Vincentius et Grenadinae
Theraphosa Thorell, 1870 – America Australis
Tliltocatl - Mexicum, Costarica, Guatemala
Thrigmopoeus Pocock, 1899 – India
Thrixopelma Schmidt, 1994 – Peruvia, Tsilia
Tmesiphantes Simon, 1892 – Brazil
Trichognathella Gallon, 2004 – Africa Australis
Trichopelma Simon, 1888 – regio Maris Caribici, America Australis, America Media
Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850 – Brasilia
Umbyquyra Gargiulo, Brescovit & Lucas, 2018 – Bolivia, Brasilia
Vitalius Lucas, Silva & Bertani, 1993 – Brasilia, Argentina
Xenesthis Simon, 1891 – Panama, Venetiola, Columbia
Ybyrapora Fukushima & Bertani, 2017 – Brasilia

Genera obsoleta

Ami Pérez-Miles, 2008 → Neischnocolus
Barropelma Chamberlin, 1940 → Neischnocolus
Eurypelmella Strand, 1907, nomen dubium
Magulla Simon, 1892 → Tmesiphantes
Melloleitaoina Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1960 → Tmesiphantes

Nexus interni

Grammostola actaeon

Notae recensere

↑ Shultz, Stanley; Shultz, Marguerite (2009). The Tarantula Keeper's Guide. Hauppauge Novi Eboraci: Barron's. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-7641-3885-0 .
↑ "Currently valid spider genera and species", World Spider Catalog (Natural History Museum Bern) .
↑ Blaikie et al 1997.
↑ Pomeroy, R. (2014, February 4). Pub. Real Clear Science , "Spiders, and Their Amazing Hydraulic Legs and Genitalia". Ex https://www.realclearscience.com/blog/2013/02/spiders-their-amazing-hydraulic-legs-and-genitals.html.
↑ J. A. Coddington, "Phylogeny and Classification of Spiders." In Spiders of North America: An Identification Manual, ed. D. Ubick, P. Paquin, P. E. Cushing, et V. Roth (American Arachnological Society, 2005), cap 2, pp. 18-24.
↑ In nonnullis circumscriptionibus eaedem ac Ischnocolinae.
↑ Familia monotypica: genus Poecilotheria.
↑ Usitate reiectae, genere Hemirrhago inter Theraphosinas digesto.
↑ Family: Theraphosidae Thorell, 1869. . World Spider Catalog (Natural History Museum Bern) .

Bibliographia recensere

Blaikie, Andrew J., John Ellis, Roshini Sanders, et Caroline J. MacEwen. 1997. "Eye disease associated with handling pet tarantulas: three case reports." BMJ 314, no. 7093 (24 Maii): 1524–5. doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7093.1524. PMC 2126783. PMID 9183200. Editio interretialis.
Coddington, J. A. 2005. "Phylogeny and Classification of Spiders." In Spiders of North America: An Identification Manual, ed. D. Ubick, P. Paquin, P. E. Cushing, et V. Roth, cap 2, pp. 18–-24. American Arachnological Society.
Estrada-Alvarez, Julio C., et H. D. Cameron. 2012. "Etymological origins of the generic names of Mexican tarantulas (Araneae:Theraphosidae)." Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 21: 153–160. Editio interretialis.
Foelix, Rainer F. 1992. Biologie der Spinnen. Stutgardiae: Georg Thieme. ISBN 3-13-575802-8.
Koch, C. L. 1850. Übersicht des Arachnidensystems. Vol. 5. Norimbergae: J. L. Lotzbeck. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.39561. Editio interretialis.
Pocock, R. I. 1901. "Some new and old genera of S.-American Avicularidae." Annals and Magazine of Natural History series 7: 8 (48): 540–55. doi:10.1080/03745480109443359. Editio interretialis.
Raven, R. R. 2005. "A new tarantula species from northern Australia (Araneae, Theraphosidae)." Zootaxa 1004: 15–28. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1004.1.2. PDF.
Reichling, S. B., et R. C. West. 1996. "A new genus and species of theraphosid spider from Belize (Araneae, Theraphosidae)." Journal of Arachnology 24: 254–61. PDF.
Schmerler, Johann Adam. 1794/ Lateinisch-deutsches und deutsch lateinisches Wörterbuch. Ed. tertia, vol. 2. Erlangen: J. J. Palm. OCLC 669374426. Google Books.

Nexus externi recensere

Vide "Theraphosidas" apud Vicispecies.

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Theraphosidas spectant.

Vide De vita araneae apud Vicifontem.

Situs scientifici: • ITIS • NCBI • Biodiversity • Encyclopedia of Life • Fossilworks

TarantulaForum.com.
Tarantulas US Forum.
"Word of the Day: Tarantula and Tarantella."
"Overview of Species Information for All Named Theraphosidae Divided by Subfamily."
Omnes Theraphosidarum hodie nominatarum.
Praesidium Societatis Tarantularum Americanae.
"Amazing Tarantulas."
NMSU Entomology Plant Pathology; Weed Science. "The Spiders of the Arid Southwest"
Watch Pelliculuae Theraphosidarum ex archivo BBC. Wildlife Finder.
"Theraphosidae Belgium."^{[nexus deficit]}
RDCU.be.

[1] Shultz, Stanley; Shultz, Marguerite (2009). The Tarantula Keeper's Guide. Hauppauge Novi Eboraci: Barron's. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-7641-3885-0 .

[WSC_stats-2] "Currently valid spider genera and species", World Spider Catalog (Natural History Museum Bern) .

[3] Blaikie et al 1997.

[Pomeroy,_R.-4] Pomeroy, R. (2014, February 4). Pub. Real Clear Science , "Spiders, and Their Amazing Hydraulic Legs and Genitalia". Ex https://www.realclearscience.com/blog/2013/02/spiders-their-amazing-hydraulic-legs-and-genitals.html.

[5] J. A. Coddington, "Phylogeny and Classification of Spiders." In Spiders of North America: An Identification Manual, ed. D. Ubick, P. Paquin, P. E. Cushing, et V. Roth (American Arachnological Society, 2005), cap 2, pp. 18-24.

[6] In nonnullis circumscriptionibus eaedem ac Ischnocolinae.

[7] Familia monotypica: genus Poecilotheria.

[8] Usitate reiectae, genere Hemirrhago inter Theraphosinas digesto.

[NMBE-9] Family: Theraphosidae Thorell, 1869. . World Spider Catalog (Natural History Museum Bern) .

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