Nomina Latina e lingua Arabica mutuata
(Redirectum de Nomina Latina Mediaevalia e lingua Arabica mutuata)
- Nomina stellarum et hominum hic inclusa non sunt. De quibus vide: Nomina stellarum Arabica et Index nominum Latinorum Arabum Persarumque Medii Aevi.
Ab octavo saeculo p.C.n., magna parte terrarum Mare Mediterraneum circumiacentium ab exercitibus Arabicis occupata, gentes Europae multa nomina e lingua Arabica mutuatae sunt. Quorum partem e lingua Arabica colloquiali primum in linguas vulgares transmissam postea lingua Latina sibi adscivit, partem e litteris Arabicis derecto in versionibus Latinis adhibitam inde linguae vulgares receperunt. Multa horum nominum lingua Arabica ipsa ex aliis linguis, ut Persica et Graeca, mutuata erat.
Index nominum e lingua Arabica mutuatorum
recensereLatine | Anglice | Etymologia | Synonyma (quasi) classica |
---|---|---|---|
alchanna | henna / alkanet | الحناء al-ḥinnāʾ = herba Lawsonia inermis | cypros, cyprinum |
alchemia | alchemy | الخيمياء al-ḫīmiyāʾ / الكيمياء al-kīmiyāʾ < ἡ χημεία sive χυμεία (Gr.) = creatio argenti et auri, fort. a keme (Aegypt.) = humus | |
alcohol | alcohol | الكحل al-kuḥl = pulvis stibii | ~ spiritus vini |
Alcoranus | Koran | القرآن al-qurʾān = recitatio | |
alembicus | alembic | الإنبيق al-ʾinbīq (Ar.) < ὁ ἄμβῑξ, -ῑκος (Gr.) = lagoena | |
alfinus | Hisp.: alfil | الفيل al-fīl (Ar.) < پيل pīl (Pers.) = elephantus | episcopus (scacci) |
algebra | algebra | الجبر al-ǧabr = disciplina | |
algorithmus | algorithm | الخوارزمي al-ḫwarizmi = Algorismus (nomen proprium a Chorasmia derivatum) | |
alhidada | alidade | العِضَادة al-ʿiḍāda, fortasse a عضد ʿaḍada = adiuvare | dioptra, linea fiduciae |
alkali | alkali | القلي al-qili = potassa, a verbo قلی qalā, i.e. 'coquere' | |
Almagestus | Almagest | المجسطي al-miǧisṭi < ἡ Mεγίστη (Gr.) = "illa maxima" | Syntaxis mathematica |
almanach(um) (-i, n.) | almanac | المناخ al-manāḫ = status caeli | calendarium, parapegma |
aludel(lum) | aludel | الأثال al-ʾuṯāl | |
amalgama (-tis, n.) | amalgam | الملغم al-malġam (Ar.) = argento vivo ligatum < ? τὸ μάλαγμα, -τος (Gr.) = massa mollis | |
ambar(um), ambra | amber / ambergris | عنبر ʿanbar = ambra grisea / succinum | ~ succinum |
a(d)miralis | admiral | (أمير ال (بحر ʾamīru l-(baḥr) = dux (maris) | praefectus classis |
articactus | artichoke | الخرشوف al-ḫaršūf = herba Cynara scolymus | cinara |
Assassinus | Assassin | حشاشين ḥaššāšīn, acc. / gen. pl. indeterminati vocis الحشاش al-ḥaššāš = qui cannabim sumit | ~ sicarius |
athanor | athanor | التَنُّور at-tannūr = fornax | fornax sublimatoria |
attabi | tabby | عتابي ʿattābī = tela quaedam serica lineata | ~ sericum, bombyx |
aurantium | (bitter) orange | نارنج nāranǧ (Ar.) < نارنگ nārang (Pers.) < नारङ्ग nāraṅga (Sans.) = Citrus × aurantium | ~ citrus, citromalum |
azimuth(um) (-i, n.) | azimuth | السموت as-sumūt = semitae (pl.) | |
azoara | sura | السور as-suwar (pl.) (a singulari سورة sūrah = sura, i.e. capitulum Alcorani) | |
azoth, azoc | azoth | الزّئبق az-zāʾūq (Ar.) < ژیوک žīwak (Pe.) = "vivum (sc. argentum)" | argentum vivum |
baldachinus | baldachin | بغدادي baġdādī = sericum e Bagdado (Latinitate Mediaevali Baldach vocato) | |
ballota | Hisp.: bellota | بلّوط ballūṭ = quercus / glans | ~ ilex |
beduinus | bedouin | بدوي badawī = incola desertorum (< بدو badw = deserta) | |
berberis | barberry | برباريس barbārīs (Ar.) < أمبرباريس ʾambarbārīs (Barb.) | |
bezoar | bezoar | بازهر bāzahr (Ar.) < پادزهر pād-zahr (Pers.) = contra-venenum | ~ antidotum |
borago | borage | بو عرق bū ʿaraq (Ar. vulg.) < أبو عرق ʾabū ʿaraq (Ar. class.) = "pater sudoris" | |
borax | borax | بورق bawraq (Ar.) < بوره būrah (Pers.) = natrii tetraboras decahydricus (Na2B4O7·10H2O) | chrysocolla |
calibra | caliber | قالب qālib = forma < κᾱλάπους (Gr.) = forma sutoria | diametros, modulus |
calipha | caliph | خليفة ḫalīfa = successor | |
camphora | camphor | كافور kāfūr | |
carminium | carmine | قِرْمِز qirmiz (Ar./Pe.) = insectum Kermes vermilio et tinctura ex eo confecta, < कृमिज krimij (Sans.) = "a vermibus factum" | ~ coccum |
carratus | carat | قيراط qīrāṭ (Ar.) < κεράτιον (Gr.) = granum Ceratoniae siliquae | ~ siliqua (pondus) |
carrubium | carob | خروب ḫarrūb = granum Ceratoniae siliquae | siliqua Graeca |
carvi | caraway | كراوية karāwiya | careum |
cifra | cipher | صفر ṣifr = nullum | |
coffeum | coffee | kahve (Tu.) < قهوة qahwa (Ar.) | |
coton | cotton | قُطْن quṭn | xylinon |
cremesinus | crimson | قِرْمِز qirmiz (Ar./Pe.) = insectum Kermes vermilio et tinctura ex eo confecta, < कृमिज krimij (Sans.) = "a vermibus factum" | coccinus |
curcuma | curcuma | كركم kurkum = crocus | |
elixir | elixir | الإكسير al-ʾiksīr (Ar.) < ξήριον (Gr.) = "pulvis medicinalis" | |
ferzia | fers | فرز firz / فرزان firzān (Ar.) < فرزين farzin (Pers.) = consiliarius | regina (scacci) |
gazella | gazelle | غزال ġazāl | dorcas |
hasardus | hazard | الزّهر az-zahr = aleae | ludus alearius |
Hegira | Hegira | هجرة hiǧra = migratio | |
iasminum | jasmine | یسمین yasmīn (Ar.) < یاسمین yāsamīn (Pers.) = "donum Dei" | |
iulapium, iulebus | julep | جلاب ǧulāb (Ar.) < گلاب gulāb (Pers.) = aqua rosata | |
kermes, chermes | kermes | قِرْمِز qirmiz (Ar./Pe.) = insectum Kermes vermilio et tinctura ex eo confecta, < कृमिज krimij (Sans.) = "a vermibus factum" | coccum |
lapis lazuli | lapis lazuli | لازورد lāzaward (Ar.) < لاجورد lāǧward (Pers.) | |
limon | lemon | لیمون līmūn / laimūn (Ar.) < لیمون līmūn (Pers.) = Citrus × limon | ~ citrus, citromalum |
lumia | lime | ليمة līma (Ar.) < لیمو līmū (Pers.) = Citrus latifolia | ~ citrus, citromalum |
marchasita | marcasite | مارقشيثا mārqašīṯā (Ar.) < marqaššaitā (Syr.) < marḫašu (Acc.) | ~ pyrites |
matracium (culcita) | mattress | مطرح maṭraḥ = locus sternendi | culcita |
matracium (lagoena) | matrass | مطرة maṭra = uter | ~ uter / lagoena |
melongena | aubergine / brinjal | باذنْجان bāḏinǧān (Ar.) < بادِنگان bādingān (Pe.) < vātiṃgaṇa (Sans.) | |
meschita, mosch(a)ea | mosque | مسجد masǧid = locus venerandi | |
minaretum | minaret | منارة manāra = pharus, minaretum | |
mumia | mummy | مومية mūmiyya (Ar.) = bitumen < موم mūm (Pers.) = cera | |
musulman(n)us | musulman | مسلمان musulmān (Pers.) < مسلم muslim (Ar.) = qui se submittit | |
nadir (indecl. n.) | nadir | نَظِير naẓīr = contra / adversus | |
natron | natron | نطرون naṭrūn (Ar.) < [[Nitrum|νίτρον]] (Gr.) < n-t-r (Aeg.) | |
realgar | realgar | رهج الغار rahǧ al-ġār = 'pulvis effossionis' | |
rochus | rook | رخ ruḫḫ (Ar.) < رخ roḫ (Pers.) = currus | turris (scacci) |
safranum | saffron | زَعْفَرَان zaʿfarān (Pers.) < أَصْفَر aṣfar (Ar.) = croceus | crocus |
scacci | chess | شاه šāh (Pers.) = rex | ~ latrunculi |
scarlata | scarlet | سقرلاط saqirlāṭ (Hisp. Ar.) < سقلاط siqillāṭ (Ar.), fort. a σιγιλλᾶτον (Byz. Gr.) < sigillatum (Lat.) | |
sirupus | syrup | شراب šarāb = potio | |
soda (herba/sal) | soda | سود suwwad / سواد suwwād = herba Salsola soda aut S. kali | |
soda (dolor) | - | صداع ṣudāʿ = dolor capitis | |
spinacia | spinach | اسبانخ ʾisbānaḫ / اسفاناخ ʾisfānāḫ (Ar.) < اسفناج ʾisfanāǧ (Pe.) = herba Spinacia oleracea | olus Hispanicum |
sultanus | sultan | سلطان sulṭān | |
(as)sura, surata | sura | ال)سورة) (as-)sūra = sura, i.e. capitulum Alcorani | |
Tacuinum sanitatis | Tacuinum sanitatis | تقويم الصحة taqwīm aṣ‑ṣiḥḥa = 'tabulae sanitatis' | |
talcum | talc | طلق ṭalq (Ar.) < تالک talk (Pe.) = "magnesii silicas hydroxydatus" (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2) | |
talisman (-is, n.) | talisman | طلسم ṭilasm (Ar.) < τέλεσμα (Byz. Gr.) = ritus, mysterium, amuletum | amuletum |
tamarindus | tamarind | تمر هندي tamr hindī, i.e. 'palma Indica' | |
vezirus | vizier | وزير wazīr (Pers.) | |
zenith(um) (-i, n.) | zenith | (سمت (الرأس samt (ar-raʾs) = "semita capitis" | ~ vertex |
zephirum | zero | صفر ṣafira = "vacuum erat" |
Fontes
recensere- Online Etymology Dictionary (© 2001 Douglas Harper)
- J.D. Latham, 'Arabic into Medieval Latin', Journal of Semitic Studies, 17 (1972), pp.33-67
- J.D. Latham, 'Arabic into Medieval Latin (2): Letter C, M.L.D.', Journal of Semitic Studies, 21 (1976), pp.120-137
- J.D. Latham, 'Arabic into Medieval Latin (3): Letters D-F, M.L.D.', Journal of Semitic Studies, 34 (1989), pp.459-469
- Peter Stotz, Handbuch zur lateinischen Sprache des Mittelalters (2002), liber apud books.google.com
- Raja Tazi, Arabismen im Deutschen (1998) liber apud books.google.com
Nexus interni
- Lingua Latina
- Lingua Arabica
- Lingua Persica Moderna
- Nomina Anglica e lingua Arabica mutuata, Anglice et Arabice
- Nomina Aragonica e lingua Arabica mutuata, Aragonice
- Nomina Catalanica e lingua Arabica mutuata, Catalanice
- Nomina Batava e lingua Arabica mutuata, Batave
- Nomina Francogallica e lingua Arabica mutuata, Francogallice et Anglice
- Nomina Gallaica e lingua Arabica mutuata, Gallaice
- Nomina Hispanica e lingua Arabica mutuata, Hispanice et Anglice
- Nomina Lusitana e lingua Arabica mutuata, Lusitane et Anglice
- Nomina Suecica e lingua Arabica mutuata, Suecice
- Nomina Theodisca e lingua Arabica mutuata, Theodisce
- Nomina Anglica e lingua Persica mutuata, Anglice
- Translitteratio litterarum Arabicarum ISO 233, Anglice
Nexus externi
recensere- Word lists – Arabic loan-words - From Old English to Standard English 3rd edition
- Notes from a Linguistic Mystic - 'What do assassins and sofas have in common? English words with Arabic origins'
- Alan Pimm-Smith 'From Arabic to English' in: eJournal USA, August 2007
- 'Arabic words in English' at 1001inventions.com
- Luiz Jean Lauand, 'Palabras de Origen Árabe Diccionarizadas en Inglés y en Español', Collatio 4 (1999), pp. 55-98
- 'Parliamo Arabo ...'
De hac re nexus intervici usque adhuc absunt. Adde, si reppereris.