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Archipelagus Arcticus

Archipelagus Arcticus, etiam Archipelagus Arcticus Canadiensis saepe appellatus, est archipelagus insularum ad septentriones terrarum continentalium Canadae iacentes, Groenlandiá (autonomo Daniae territorio) exclusá.

Tabula Archipelagi Arctici proiectione polari picta.
Tabula Canadae et Archipelagi Arctici.

Qui grex insularum 36 563 fere in Marí Arctico, in septentrionali Americae Septentrionalis extremitate situs, et 1 424 500 fere chiliometra quadrata tegens, multum ex terris Canadae Septentrionalis constituit, quod est plurimum provinciae Nunavut et pars Territoriorum Septentrio-Occidentalium.[1] Archipelagus Arcticus Canadiensis effectús calefactionis globalis exhibet,[2][3] nonnullis aestimationibus computatralibus nunc dicentibus liquefactionem ibi 3.5 centimetra ad aequor maris ortum ante annum 2100 contribuere.[4]

Historia

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Britannicae insularum vindiciae in explorationibus annis 1570 a Martino Frobisher Equite factis conditae sunt. Maiestas Canadiensis primum (1870–80) ad partes insulares solum in Pelvem Foxe, Sinum Hudsonianum, Fretumque Hudsonianum exhaurientís pertinebat. Maiestas Canadiensis in omnibus insulis constituta est anno 1880, cum Britanniarum Regnum insulas reliquas Canadae abalienavit.[5] Districtus Franklin, anno 1895 constitutus, paene omnem archipelagum comprehendebat; districtus autem dissolutus est anno 1999, Nunavut nuper creato. Canada omnes vias aquaticas Transitús Boreo-Occidentalis vindicat, nomine Canadian Internal Waters; quas autem Civitates Foederatae plurimaeque civitates maritimae has aquas pro aquis internationalibus habent.[6] Disputationes de statú transitús anxietates Canadienses de exsecutione circumiectorum, securitate nationali, et maiestate generali amplificaverunt. Insula Hans, in Freto Nares ad orientem Insulae Ellesmere versus, est territorium de quo Canada et Dania lege contendunt.[7][8]

Geographia

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Imago Insulae Baffinensis ex satellite, maximae insulae summá areá Archipelagi Arctici.
 
Compositio imaginum ex satellite factarum exhibet Insulam Ellesmere et proximas, inter quas insula Axel Heiberg (ad laevam partem Ellesmere). Groenlandia ad dextram iacet.

Extenditur archipelagus 2400 fere chiliometra longitudine et 1900 chiliometra a continente ad Caput Columbiam, locum maxime boreo-occidentalem in Insula Ellesmere. Finitur ad occidentem a Mari Beaufort; ad boreorientalem ab Oceano Arctico; ad orientem a Groenlandia, Sinu Baffin, Fretoque Davisiano; et ad meridiem a Sinu Hudsonio et continente Canadiensi. Variae insulae inter se et a continente separantur a serie viarum aquaticarum uná Transitus Boreo-Occidentalis appellatarum. Duae magnae paeninsulae, Boothia et Melville, ad septentriones a continente extenduntur.

Archipelagus in 36 563 insulis consistit, quarum nonaginta quattuor insulae maiores digeruntur, maiores quam 130 chiliometra quadrata, et aream 1 400 000 chiliometrorum quadratorum tegunt.[9] Insulae archipelagi tegunt plus quam 10 000 chiliometrorum quadratorum, ordine areae descendentis perscriptae:

Nomen Locus* Area (km2) Gradus areae Multitudo
(2001)
Mundus Canada
Insula Baffin NU 507 451 5 1 9563
Insula Victoria NT, NU 217 291 8 2 1707
Insula Ellesmere NU 196 236 10 3 168
Insula Banksia NT 70 028 24 5 114
Insula Devonia NU 55 247 27 6 0
Insula Axel Heiberg NU 43 178 32 7 0
Insula Melville NT, NU 42 149 33 8 0
Insula Southampton NU 41 214 34 9 718
Insula Principis Cambriae NU 33 339 40 10 0
Insula Somerset NU 24 786 46 12 0
Insula Bathurst NU 16 042 54 13 0
Insulae Principis Patricii NT 15 848 55 14 0
Insula Regis Gulielmi NU 13 111 61 15 1279
Insula Ellef Ringnes NU 11 295 69 16 0
Insula Bylot NU 11 067 72 17 0

* NT = Territoria Septentrio-Occidentalia; NU = Nunavut.

Archipelagus post Groenlandiam est maxima orbis terrarum area terrestris arctica superioris. Clima insularum est arcticum, et solum constat ex tundra praeter in regionibus montanis. Plurimae insulae non habitantur; coloniae hominum tenuissimae dispersaeque sunt, plerumque in litoralibus Inuit locis in insulis meridianis sitis.

 
Tabula referentialis Archipelagi Arctici Canadiensis

Nexus interni

Notae

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  1. ↑ Marsh 1988.
  2. ↑ Thinning of the Arctic Sea-Ice Cover
  3. ↑ Arctic sea ice decline: Faster than forecast
  4. ↑ Wayman, Erin. "Canada's ice shrinking rapidly". Science News .
  5. ↑ "Canada". World Statesmen .
  6. ↑ "Northwest Passage gets political name change" .
  7. ↑ Levin, Dan (7 Novembris 2016). "Canada and Denmark Fight Over Island With Whisky and Schnapps". The New York Times .
  8. ↑ Bender, Jeremy. 2 countries have been fighting over an uninhabited island by leaving each other bottles of alcohol for over 3 decades. . Business Insider .
  9. ↑ Arctic Archipelago.

Bibliographia

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Vulpes rubra Insulae Baffinianae est unum e nonnullis mammalibus parvis quae tundram arcticam habitant.
  • Aiken, S. G., M. J. Dallwitz, Laurie Lynn Consaul, et al. 2007. Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval. Ottavae: NRC Research Press; Ottavae: Canadian Museum of Nature. ISBN 978-0-660-19727-2.
  • Aiken, S. G., Laurie Lynn Consaul, et M. J. Dallwitz. 1995. Grasses of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Ottavae: Research Division, Canadian Museum of Nature.
  • Balkwill, H. R., et Ashton F. Embry 1982. Arctic Geology and Geophysics: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Arctic Geology. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists. ISBN 0-920230-19-9.
  • Bouchard, Giselle. 2005. Freshwater Diatom Biogeography of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Ottavae: Library and Archives Canada, 2005. ISBN 0-494-01424-5.
  • Brown, Roger James Evan. 1972. Permafrost in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. National Research Council of Canada, Division of Building Research.
  • Cota, G. F., L. W. Cooper, D. A. Darby, et I. L. Larsen. 2006. "Unexpectedly High Radioactivity Burdens in Ice-Rafted Sediments from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago." The Science of the Total Environment 366 (1): 253–61.
  • Dunphy, Michael. 2005. Validation of a modelling system for tides in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Canadian technical report of hydrography and ocean sciences, 243. Dartmuthi Novae Scotiae: Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
  • Emmerson, Charles. 2010. The future history of the Arctic. Novi Eboraci: PublicAffairs. ISBN 9781586486365, ISBN 1586486365.
  • Frebold, Hans. 2004. Geologie der Arktis. Vol. 1. Stutgartiae: Gebr. Borntraeger. ISBN 978-3-443-01053-9.
  • Glass, Donald J., Ashton F. Embry, et N. J. McMillan. Devonian of the World: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the Devonian System. Calgary, Canada: Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists. ISBN 0-920230-47-4.
  • Hamilton, Paul B., Konrad Gajewski, David E. Atkinson, et David R. S. Lean. 2001. "Physical and Chemical Limnology of 204 Lakes from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago." Hydrobiologia 457 (1/3): 133–48.
  • Laruelle, Marlène. 2014. Russia's Arctic strategies and the future of the Far North. Armonk Novi Eboraci: M. E. Sharpe, Inc. ISBN 9780765635006, ISBN 9780765635013.
  • Marsh, James H., ed. 1988. "Arctic Archipelago." The Canadian Encyclopedia. Toronti: Hurtig Publishers.
  • Mi︠a︡rss, Tiĭu, Mark V. H. Wilson, et R. Thorsteinsson. 2006. Silurian and Lower Devonian Thelodonts and Putative Chondrichthyans from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Special papers in palaeontology, no. 75. Londinii: Palaeontological Association. ISBN 0-901702-99-4.
  • Märss, Tiiu, M. V. H. Wilson, et R. Thorsteinsson. 2002. "New thelodont (Agnatha) and possible chondrichthyan (Gnathostomata) taxa established in the Silurian and Lower Devonian of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago." Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Geology 51 (2): 88–120.
  • Michel, C., R. G. Ingram, et L. R. Harris. 2006. "Variability in Oceanographic and Ecological Processes in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago."
  • Mowat, Farley. 2012. High latitudes : the incredible true story of an arctic journey. Praefatioy Margaret Atwood. Novi Eboraci: Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 9781620875230, 9781616086022. Progress in Oceanography 71 (2): 379.
  • Porsild, A. E. 1955. The Vascular Plants of the Western Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Ottavae: E. Cloutier, Queen's printer.
  • Rae, R. W. 1951. Climate of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Toronti: Canada Department of Transport.
  • Stager, J. K., ed Harry Swain. 1992. Canada north: journey to the high arctic. Novi Brunsvici Novae Caesareae: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0813518903, ISBN 0813518911.
  • Thorsteinsson, R., et Ulrich Mayr. 1987. The Sedimentary Rocks of Devon Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Ottavae: Geological Survey of Canada. ISBN 0-660-12319-3.
  • Van der Baaren, Augustine, et S. J. Prinsenberg. 2002; Geostrophic transport estimates from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Dartmuthi Novae Scotiae: Ocean Sciences Division, Maritimes Region, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography.
  • Whelan, Dianne. 2009. This vanishing land: a woman's journey to the Canadian Arctic. Halfmoon Bay Columbiae Britannicae: Caitlin Press. ISBN 1894759389, ISBN 9781894759380.


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