Solanum subg. Leptostemonum
Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum est subdivisio generis Solani. Species culta Solanum melongena, unde melongenae proveniunt, hic inter alias comprehenditur.
Asteridae
Ordo : Solanales
Familia : Solanaceae
Genus : Solanum
Subgenus : Leptostemonum
(Dunal) Bitter
Subgenus Leptostemonum eas plantas generis Solani comprehendit cuius calyces fructuum aculeis munitae sunt. Nomen a Georgio Bitter anno 1919 statutum est post Michaelem Felicem Dunal qui anno 1852 sicut sectionem definiverat.[1] Species 578 in subgenere anno 2022 enumeratae sunt.[2]
Subdivisiones et species
recensereSubgenus in cladis modo informali statutis a Rachel Levin collegisque anno 2006, a Stephano Stern collegisque anno 2011,[3] inquisitionibus phylogeneticis utentes, divisum est. Cladi neque cum "gregibus specierum" Michaëlis Whalen anno 1984,[4] neque cum sectionibus Michaëlis Nee anno 1999 definitis,[5] omnino correspondent. Hi cladi denuo accipiuntur:
- Cladus Androceras/Crinitum fortasse in duos dividendus, cf. greges Solanum crinitum et S. rostratum,[4] sect. Crinitum (Whalen) Child, sect. Androceras (Nutt.) Whalen, sect. Micracantha Dunal[10][11]
- Cladus Asterophorum, cf. grex Solanum asterophorum[4]
- Cladus Bahamense, cf. grex Solanum bahamense,[4] sect. Persicariae Dunal
- Cladus Carolinense, cf. grex Solanum multispinum,[4] sect. Melongena Mill. (Dunal) subsect. Lathyrocarpum G.Don[14]
- Cladus Elaeagnifolium, cf. greges Solanum ellipticum et S. vespertilio,[4] sect. Melongena Mill. (Dunal) subsect. Lathyrocarpum G.Don
- Cladus Erythrotrichum, cf. cladus Robustum,[15] greges Solanum erythrotrichum et S. polytrichum,[4] sect. Erythrotrichum (Whalen) Child
- Cladus Gardneri, cf. cladus Robustum,[15] greges Solanum polytrichum et S. mammosum,[4] sect. Persicariae Dunal, sect. Polytrichum, sect. Acanthophora Dunal
- Cladus Sisymbriifolium, cf. grex Solanum polytrichum,[4] sect. Melongena Mill. (Dunal)
- Cladus Thomasiifolium, cf. cladus Robustum,[15] grex Solanum polytrichum,[4] sect. Erythrotrichum (Whalen) Child, sect. Persicariae Dunal, sect. Micracantha Dunal
- Cladus Torva, cf. greges Solanum torvum et S. inerme,[4] sect. Torva Nees, sect. Micracantha Dunal
- S. acutilobum, S. albidum, S. asperolanatum, S. asteropilodes, S. bolivianum, S. bonariense, S. caricaefolium, S. chrysotrichum,[8] S. comarapanum, S. crinitipes, S. donianum, S. glutinosum, S. lanceolatum, S. metrobotryon, S. paniculatum, S. pluviale, S. poinsettiifolium, S. rudepannum, S. scuticum, S. stellativelutinum, S. subinerme, S. subumbellatum, S. torvum, S. ursinum, S. whalenii
- Species Novi Mundi incertae sedis
- Species Veteris Mundi per regiones digestae
- NB. Species semel tantum enumerantur etiamsi in duabus regionibus crescantur. Species asterisco (*) punctae ad cladum Torva pertinere censentur. Species cruce (+) punctae ad cladum Lasiocarpa pertinere censentur
- Insulae Canariae
- Insulae Promunturii Viridis
- Africa,[22] cf. sect. Melongena (Mill.) Dunal, sect. Oliganthes (Dunal) Bitter, sect. Monodolichopus Bitter, sect. Torva Nees, sect. Anisantherum Bitter, sect. Croatianum D'Arcy & Keating, sect. Ischyracanthum Bitter,sect. Somalanum Bitter, sect. Nycterium (Ventenat) Dunal
- S. aculeastrum, S. adoense, S. aethiopicum, S. agnewiorum,[23] S. anguivi, S. anomalum*, S. arundo,[2] S. aureitomentosum, S. burchellii, S. campylacanthum, S. capense, S. catombelense, S. cerasiferum, S. coagulans, S. cordatum,[2] S. cyaneopurpureum, S. cymbariifolium, S. dasyphyllum, S. dennekense, S. erythracanthum, S. forskalii,[2] S. giganteum*,[2] S. glabratum, S. goetzei*, S. hastifolium,[24] S. humile, S. inaequiradians, S. incanum,[25] S. jubae, S. kwebense, S. lamprocarpum, S. lanzae, S. lichtensteinii, S. linnaeanum,[12] S. litoraneum, S. macracanthum, S. macrocarpon+, S. malindiense,[26] S. marginatum,[27][18] S. mauense, S. melastomoides, S. nigriviolaceum, S. pampaninii, S. pauperum, S. phoxocarpum,[26] S. polhillii,[26] S. richardii, S. rubetorum, S. ruvu,[28] S. schimperianum, S. schliebenii, S. schumannianum, S. setaceum, S. sodomaeodes, S. somalense, S. stipitatostellatum, S. supinum, S. taitense, S. tettense, S. thomsonii, S. tomentosum, S. torreanum, S. umtuma,[29] S. usambarense, S. usaramense, S. wittei, S. zanzibarense
- Asia, Indomalesia, Philippinae[30]
- S. barbisetum, S. camranhense, S. comitis, S. cyanocarphium, S. deflexicarpum, S. graciliflorum,[31] S. harmandii, S. hovei, S. insanum,[32] S. involucratum, S. kachinense, S. lasiocarpum+, S. lianoides, S. melongena, S. miyakojimense, S. multiflorum, S. nienkui, S. peikuoense, S. poka,[31] S. praetermissum, S. procumbens, S. pseudosaponaceum, S. pubescens, S. putii, S. retrorsum, S. robinsonii, S. schefferi, S. sulawesi, S. torvoideum, S. trilobatum, S. vagum, S. violaceum, S. virginianum, S. wightii
- Madagascaria[7]
- Australia[33]
- S. acanthodapis, S. adenophorum, S. amblymerum, S. ammophilum, S. angustum, S. apodophyllum, S. argopetalum, S. asymmetriphyllum, S. beagleholei, S. campanulatum, S. carduiforme, S. cataphractum, S. centrale, S. chenopodinum, S. chippendalei, S. cinereum, S. clarkiae, S. cleistogamum, S. cocosoides, S. cookii, S. coracinum, S. corifolium, S. cowiei, S. crassitomentosum, S. crebrispinum, S. cunninghamii, S. defensum, S. densevestitum, S. dianthophorum, S. dimorphispinum, S. dioicum, S. discolor, S. dissectum, S. ditrichum, S. diversiflorum, S. dryanderense, S. dumicola, S. dysprosium, S. eburneum, S. echinatum, S. elachophyllum, S. ellipticum, S. eminens, S. esuriale, S. ferocissimum, S. fervens, S. francisii, S. furfuraceum, S. galbinum, S. graniticum, S. gympiense, S. hamulosum, S. hapalum, S. heteropodium, S. inaequilaterum, S. innoxium, S. intonsum, S. johnsonianum, S. jucundum, S. lacunarium, S. latens, S. leopoldense, S. limitare, S. longissimum, S. lucani, S. lythrocarpum, S. macoorai, S. magnifolium, S. medicagineum, S. melanospermum, S. mentiens, S. mitchellianum, S. multiglochidiatum, S. nemophilum, S. nobile, S. nummularium, S. oedipus, S. oligacanthum, S. ossicruentum, S. papaverifolium, S. parvifolium, S. petraeum, S. petrophilum, S. phlomoides, S. plastisexum,[34] S. prinophyllum, S. pugiunculiferum, S. pusillum, S. quadriloculatum, S. raphiotes, S. rixosum, S. sejunctum, S. semiarmatum, S. senticosum, S. serpens, S. shirleyanum, S. sporaditrichum, S. stelligerum, S. stenopterum, S. stupefactum, S. sturtianum, S. succosum, S. tetrandrum,[35] S. tetrathecum, S. tudununggae, S. ultimum, S. ultraspinosum, S. vansittartense, S. versicolor, S. vicinum, S. viridifolium,[36] S. watneyi, S. yirrkalense
- Nova Guinea[37]
- S. abortivum, S. anfractum, S. arachnoides, S. atheniae+, S. banzicum, S. borgmannii, S. dallmannianum, S. dammerianum*, S. denseaculeatum, S. discolor, S. dunalianum,[38] S. exemptum, S. expedunculatum, S. fervens, S. galactites, S. gibbsiae, S. heteracanthum, S. incanoalabastrum, S. infuscatum, S. invictum, S. labyrinthinum, S. leptacanthum, S. mankiense, S. missimense, S. nolense, S. oomsis, S. ortivum, S. papuanum, S. petilum, S. phoberum, S. pluriflorum, S. rivicola, S. saruwagedense, S. schefferi, S. scolophyllum, S. symonianum, S. torricellense, S. torvoideum*, S. trichostylum, S. turraeaefolium
Notae
recensere- ↑ Bitter (1919); Dunal (1852)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Aubriot et Knapp (2022)
- ↑ Levin et al. (2006), Stern et al. (2011)
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 Whalen (1984)
- ↑ Nee (1999)
- ↑ Levin et al. (2005)
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Vorontsova et Knapp (2016)
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Bean (2003); Vorontsova et Knapp (2016)
- ↑ Vorontsova et Knapp (2016); Symon (1985) pp. 83-85
- ↑ Stern et al. (2010); Stern et al. (2014)
- ↑ Yuri Fernandes Gouvêa, João Renato Stehmann, Sandra Knapp, "Solanum medusae (Solanaceae), a new wolf-fruit from Brazil, and a key to the extra-Amazonian Brazilian Androceras/Crinitum Clade species" in PhytoKeys vol. 118 (2019) pp. 15-32
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Bean (2003)
- ↑ Symon (1985) pp. 156-158 (S. grandiflorum); Vorontsova et Knapp (2016); Z. O. Gbile, S. K. Adesina, "Nigerian Solanum Species of Economic Importance" in Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden vol. 75 (1988) pp. 862-865 JSTOR
- ↑ Wahlert et al. (2014); Wahlert et al. (2015)
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Levin et al. (2006)
- ↑ Bohs (2004)
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Heiser (1987)
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.8 Charles B. Heiser, Of Plants and People (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1985) pp. 60-81 (Paginae selectae apud Google Books) Exemplar mutuabile
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 Charles B. Heiser, "Ethnobotany of the Naranjilla (Solanum quitoense) and Its Relatives" in Economic Botany vol. 39 (1985) pp. 4-11 JSTOR
- ↑ Stern et Bohs (2016)
- ↑ Sandra Knapp, Maria S. Vorontsova, "From introduced American weed to Cape Verde Islands endemic: the case of Solanum rigidum Lam. (Solanaceae, Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum)" in PhytoKeys vol. 25 (2013) pp. 35–46
- ↑ Vorontsova et al. (2013); Vorontsova et Knapp (2016)
- ↑ Maria S. Vorontsova et al., "Overlooked diversity in African Solanum: new and endangered Solanum agnewiorum from Kenya" in Phytotaxa vol. 10 (2010) pp. 31–37
- ↑ "Solanum hastifolium" apud Solanaceae Source
- ↑ Bean (2003); B. Tshabalala et al, "Alternative remedies used by resource-limited farmers to manage ophthalmia in cattle, from Ntabazinduna communal area, Umguza district, Matabeleland North Province, Zimbabwe" in IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science vol. 8 (2015) pp. 91-95
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Maria S. Vorontsova et al., "Three new species of Solanum from Kenya: using herbarium specimens to document environmental change" in Systematic Botany vol. 35 (2010) pp. 894–906
- ↑ "Solanum marginatum" apud Solanaceae Source
- ↑ Maria S. Vorontsova, F. M. Mbago, "New Solanum from Tanzanian coastal forest may already be extinct" in Journal of East African Natural History vol. 99 (2010) pp. 227–234
- ↑ Maria S. Vorontsova, Sandra Knapp, "A new species of Solanum (Solanaceae) from South Africa related to the cultivated eggplant" in PhytoKeys vol. 8 (2012) pp. 1-11
- ↑ Meyer et al. (2012); Cericola et al. (2013); Aubriot et al. (2016); Aubriot et Knapp (2022)
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 Xavier Aubriot, Caroline Loup, Sandra Knapp, "Confirming the identity of two enigmatic “spiny solanums” (Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) collected by Jean-Baptiste Leschenault in Java" in PhytoKeys vol. 70 (2016) pp. 97-110
- ↑ "Solanum insanum" apud Solanaceae Source; Vorontsova et Knapp (2016); Aubriot et Knapp (2022)
- ↑ Symon (1981); Bean (2003); Martine et al. (2006); Bean (2011), Bean (2012), Bean (2013), Bean (2016 a), Bean (2016 b); Martine et al. (2019)
- ↑ Angela J. McDonnell et al., "Solanum plastisexum, an enigmatic new bush tomato from the Australian Monsoon Tropics exhibiting breeding system fluidity" in PhytoKeys vol. 124 (2019) 39–55
- ↑ Symon (1985) pp. 139-140
- ↑ Symon (1985) pp. 141-144
- ↑ Symon (1985); Bean (2016 a)
- ↑ Bean (2003); Aubriot et Knapp (2022)
- ↑ McClelland et al. (2020)
- ↑ Symon (1985) pp. 89-91
Bibliographia
recensere- Xavier Aubriot, Sandra Knapp, "A revision of the “spiny solanums” of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)" in PhytoKeys vol. 198 (2022) pp. 1-270
- Xavier Aubriot, Paramjit Singh, Sandra Knapp, "Tropical Asian species show that the Old World clade of ‘spiny solanums’ (Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic" in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society vol. 181 (2016) pp. 199-223
- A. R. Bean, "The taxonomy and ecology of Solanum subg. Leptostemonum (Dunal) Bitter (Solanaceae) in Queensland and far north-eastern New South Wales, Australia" in Austrobaileya vol. 6 (2003) pp. 639-816
- A. R. Bean, "A taxonomic review of the Solanum sturtianum subgroup of subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae)" in Nuytsia vol. 23 (2013) pp. 129–161
- Georg Bitter, "Die papuasischen Arten von Solanum: subg. Leptostemonum" in Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie vol. 55 (1919) pp. 69-89
- Georg Bitter, "Solana Africana. III: subg. Leptostemonum" in Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie vol 57 (1922) pp. 248-286
- M. F. Dunal, "Solanaceae" in A. de Candolle, Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis vol. 13 fasc. 1 (Lutetiae: Masson, 1852) p. 428
- Rachel A. Levin, Nicole R. Myers, Lynn Bohs, "Phylogenetic Relationships among the "Spiny Solanums" (Solanum Subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae)" in American Journal of Botany vol. 93 (2006) pp. 157-169 JSTOR
- Michael Nee, "Synopsis of Solanum in the New World" in Michael Nee et al., Solanaceae IV: advances in biology and utilization (Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, 1999) pp. 285-333
- Stephen Stern, Maria de Fátima Agra, Lynn Bohs, "Molecular delimitation of clades within New World species of the "spiny solanums" (Solanum subg. Leptostemonum)" in Taxon vol. 60 (2011) pp. 1429-1441 JSTOR Epitome
- D. E. Symon, "A revision of the genus Solanum in Australia" in Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens vol. 4 (1981) pp. 1-367
- D. E. Symon, "The Solanaceae of New Guinea" in Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens vol. 8 (1985) pp. 1-171
- Maria S. Vorontsova, Sandra Knapp, "Solanum sections Oliganthes, Melongena and Monodolichopus" in Jennifer M. Edmonds, Flora of Tropical East Africa: Solanaceae (Ricmondiae: Royal Botanic Gadens, Kew, 2012) pp. 164–186, 198–215, 220–223 de hoc volumine
- Maria S. Vorontsova, Sandra Knapp, A Revision of the "Spiny Solanums", Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae) in Africa and Madagascar (Systematic Botany Monographs vol. 99. 2016) JSTOR
- Maria S. Vorontsova, Stephen Stern, Lynn Bohs, Sandra Knapp, "African spiny Solanum (subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae): a thorny phylogenetic tangle" in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society vol. 173 (2013) pp. 176–193
- Michael D. Whalen, "Conspectus of species groups in Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum" in Gentes herbarum vol. 12 (1984) pp. 179-282
- De cladis singulis
- A. R. Bean, "New and reinstated species of the Solanum ellipticum R.Br. (Solanaceae) species group]" in Austrobaileya vol. 8 (2011) pp. 412-430 JSTOR
- A. R. Bean, "A taxonomic revision of the Solanum echinatum group (Solanaceae)" in Phytotaxa vol. 57 (2012)
- A. R. Bean, "Taxonomic novelties in the Solanum ferocissimum group (Solanaceae: Solanum subg. Leptostemonum) from New Guinea" in Austrobaileya vol. 9 (2016 [a]) pp. 560-599 eadem res alibi
- A. R. Bean, "The Solanum petrophilum complex (Solanaceae) revised, with the description of three new species" in Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens vol. 29 (2016 [b]) pp. 23–36
- Lynn Bohs, "A Chloroplast DNA Phylogeny of Solanum Section Lasiocarpa" in Systematic Botany vol. 29 (2004) pp. 177-187 JSTOR
- Charles B. Heiser, "Origins of Solanum lasiocarpum and S. repandum" in American Journal of Botany vol. 74 (1987) pp. 1045-1048 JSTOR
- Sandra Knapp et al., "A revision of the Solanum elaeagnifolium clade (Elaeagnifolium clade, subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae)" in PhytoKeys vol. 84 (2017) pp. 1–104
- Sandra Knapp, Gloria E. Barboza, Lynn Bohs, Tiina Särkinen, "A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America" in PhytoKeysvol. 123 (2019) pp. 1–174
- Rachel A. Levin, Kimberly Watson, Lynn Bohs, "A Four-Gene Study of Evolutionary Relationships in Solanum Section Acanthophora" in American Journal of Botany vol. 92 (2005) pp. 603-612 JSTOR
- Christopher T. Martine et al., "Phylogeny of the Australian Solanum dioicum group using seven nuclear genes, with consideration of Symon’s fruit and seed dispersal hypotheses" in PLoS One vol. 14 (18 Aprilis 2019) e0207564
- Stephen Stern, Lynn Bohs, "An Eight Marker Phylogeny of Solanum sect. Micracantha (Solanaceae)]" in Systematic Botany vol. 41 (2016) pp. 120-127 JSTOR
- Stephen R. Stern, Terri Weese, Lynn Bohs, "Phylogenetic Relationships in Solanum Section Androceras (Solanaceae)" in Systematic Botany vol. 35 (2010) pp. 885-893 JSTOR
- Stephen R. Stern, Lynn Bohs, Jeffrey Keeling, "New Species and Combinations in Solanum section Androceras (Solanaceae)" in Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas vol. 8 (2014) pp. 1-7 JSTOR
- Gregory A. Wahlert, Franco Chiarini, Lynn Bohs, "Phylogeny of the Carolinense Clade of Solanum (Solanaceae) Inferred from Nuclear and Plastid DNA Sequences]" in Systematic Botany vol. 39 (2014) pp. 1208-1216 JSTOR
- Gregory A. Wahlert, Franco E. Chiarini, Lynn Bohs, "A Revision of Solanum Section Lathyrocarpum (the Carolinense Clade, Solanaceae)" in Systematic Botany vol. 40 (2015) pp. 853-887 JSTOR
- Michael D. Whalen, Elizabeth E. Caruso, "Phylogeny in Solanum sect. Lasiocarpa (Solanaceae): Congruence of Morphological and Molecular Data" in Systematic Botany vol. 8 (1983) pp. 369-380 JSTOR
- Michael D. Whalen, D. E. Costich, Charles B. Heiser, Taxonomy of Solanum Section Lasiocarpa. Ithacae Novi Eboraci: Bailey Hortorium, 1981
- De clado et cognatis melongenarum
- Fabio Cericola et al., "The Population Structure and Diversity of Eggplant from Asia and the Mediterranean Basin" in PLoS One vol. 8 (6 Septembris 2013) e73702
- Sandra Knapp, Maria S. Vorontsova, Jaime Prohens, "Wild Relatives of the Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.: Solanaceae): New Understanding of Species Names in a Complex Group" in PLoS One (22 Februarii 2013)
- Donald H. R. McClelland, Michael Nee, Sandra Knapp, "New names and status for Pacific spiny species of Solanum (Solanaceae, subgenus Leptostemonum Bitter; the Leptostemonum Clade)" in PhytoKeys vol. 145 (2020) pp. 1-36 eadem res alibi
- Christopher T. Martine et al., "Phylogenetic Relationships of Andromonoecious and Dioecious Australian Species of Solanum Subgenus Leptostemonum Section Melongena: Inferences from ITS Sequence Data" in Systematic Botany vol. 31 (2006) pp. 410-420 JSTOR
- Rachel S. Meyer, Michael Nee et al., Phylogeographic relationships among Asian eggplants and new perspectives on eggplant domestication" in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution vol. 63 (2012) pp. 685-701
- Rachel S. Meyer, Maryam Bamshad, Dorian Q. Fuller, Amy Litt, "Comparing Medicinal Uses of Eggplant and Related Solanaceae in China, India, and the Philippines Suggests the Independent Development of Uses, Cultural Diffusion, and Recent Species Substitutions" in Economic Botany vol. 68 (2014) pp. 137-152
- Evans Mutegi et al., "Genetic diversity and population structure of wild/weedy eggplant (Solanum insanum, Solanaceae) in southern India: Implications for conservation" in American Journal of Botany vol. 102 (2015) pp. 140-148 JSTOR
- John Samuels, "Taxonomic notes on several wild relatives of Solanum melongena L.(Solanaceae): Comments on Meyer et al. (2012)" in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution vol. 65 (2014) pp. 297-299
- Agnieszka Sękara, Stanisław Cebula, Edward Kunicki, "Cultivated eggplants – origin, breeding objectives and genetic resources, a review" in Folia horticulturae vol. 19 no. 1 (2007) pp. 97-114
- Mindy M. Syfert et al., "Crop wild relatives of the brinjal eggplant (Solanum melongena): Poorly represented in genebanks and many species at risk of extinction" in American Journal of Botany vol. 103 (2016) pp. 635-651 JSTOR
Nexus externi
recensereSitus scientifici: Tropicos • GRIN • Plant Name Index |
- Solanaceae Genomics Network
- Solanaceae Source
- "Tropical Asian spiny solanums (2016)" apud Natural History Museum Data Portal
- A. R. Bean, "Solanum species of eastern and northern Australia" (2012/2018)
- D. H. R. McClelland, "Systematics and taxonomy of Solanum sections Dunaliana and Irenosolanum (Solanaceae)" (dissertatio Universitatis Urbis Neo-Eboracensis) Epitome