Psittaciformes
Psittaciformes sunt ordo avium 372 fere specierum in octoginta sex generibus descriptarum,[2] qui in plurimis regionibus tropicis et subtropicis inventae. Ordo in tres superfamilias dividitur: Psittacoidea, Cacatuoidea, et Strigopoidea (psittaciformes Novae Zelandiae).[3] Psittaciformibus est distributio plerumque pantropica, nonnullaeque species regiones temperatas in hemisphaerio australi habitant. Maxima psittaciformium diversitas est in America Australi et Australasia.
Inter proprietates Psittaciformium sunt firmum rostrum crassum et curvum, status erectus, crura valida, et pedes ungulati zygodactyles. Multi psittaciformes sunt versicolores, nonnullisque sunt multi colores. Plurimi paucum vel nullum dimorphismum sexualem exhibent. Omnes una sunt ordo avium magnitudine maxime variabilis.
Elementa maximi momenti in victus rationibus plurimorum psittaciformium sunt semina, nuces, fructus, gemmae, et alia res plantarum. Nonnullae species animalia et cadavera aliquando edunt, et psittaciformes tribus Loriinorum nectare florum et fructibus vescuntur. Paene omnes psittaciformes feri nidos in cavis arboris faciunt et ova alba pariunt, ex quibus excludunt iuvenes altriciales.
Psittaciformes, cum Corvidis, sunt inter aves maxime intellegens, et facultas vocum humanarum imitandarum nonnullarum specierum facit ut eae animalia dilecta populo gratiores sint.
Systematica
recensereClassificatio sequens in proposito recentissimo, quod vicissim in omnibus inventis recentibus conditur.[3][4][5][6][7]
Superfamilia Strigopoidea
- Familia Nestoridae: 2 genera, 2 viva (kea et New Zealand kaka) et nonnullae species exstinctae in regione Novae Zelandiae
- Familia Strigopidae: 1 species, Strigops habroptilus (kakapo) Novae Zelandiae
Superfamily Cacatuoidea: Cockatoos
- Familia Cacatuidae
- Subfamilia Nymphicinae: 1 genus, 1 species, Nymphicus hollandicus
- Subfamilia Calyptorhynchinae
- Subfamilia Cacatuinae
- Tribus Microglossini: 1 genus, 1 species, Probosciger aterrimus
- Tribus Cacatuini: 4 genera
Superfamilia Psittacoidea
- Familia Psittacidae
- Subfamilia Psittacinae: 2 genera, Psittacus et Poicephalus
- Subfamilia Arinae
- Tribus Arini: 15 genera
- Tribus Androglossini: 7 genera
- Incertae sedis: 10 genera
- Familia Psittrichasiidae
- Subfamilia Psittrichasinae: 1 species, Psittrichas fulgidus
- Subfamilia Coracopsinae: 1 genus, nonnullae species
- Familia Psittaculidae
- Subfamilia Platycercinae
- Tribus Pezoporini
- Tribus Platycercini
- Subfamilia Psittacellinae: 1 genus (Psittacella), nonnullae species
- Subfamilia Loriinae
- Tribus Loriini
- Tribus Melopsittacini: 1 genus, 1 species (Melopsittacus undulatus)
- Tribus Cyclopsittini
- Subfamilia Agapornithinae: 3 genera
- Subfamilia Psittaculinae
- Tribus Polytelini: 3 genera
- Tribus Psittaculini
- Tribus Micropsittini
- Subfamilia Platycercinae
Cladistica
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Notae
recensere- ↑ Waterhouse, David M. (2006). "Parrots in a nutshell: The fossil record of Psittaciformes (Aves)". Historical Biology 18 (2): 223–34
- ↑ "Zoological Nomenclature Resource: Psittaciformes (Version 9.013)". www.zoonomen.net. 2008-12-29.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Joseph, Leo et al. (2012). "A revised nomenclature and classification for family-group taxa of parrots (Psittaciformes)". Zootaxa 3205: 26–40.
- ↑ White, Nicole E. et al. (2011). "The evolutionary history of cockatoos (Aves: Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59 (3): 615–22.
- ↑ Schweizer, Manuel; Seehausen, Ole and Hertwig, Stefan T. (2011). "Macroevolutionary patterns in the diversification of parrots: effects of climate change, geological events and key innovations". Journal of Biogeography 38 (11): 2176–94.
- ↑ Joseph, Leo; Toon, Alicia; Schirtzinger, Erin E. and Wright, Timothy F. (2011). "Molecular systematics of two enigmatic genera Psittacella and Pezoporus illuminate the ecological radiation of Australo-Papuan parrots (Aves: Psittaciformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59 (3): 675–684.
- ↑ Schweizer, M.; Seehausen O, Güntert M and Hertwig ST (2009). "The evolutionary diversification of parrots supports a taxon pulse model with multiple trans-oceanic dispersal events and local radiations". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54 (3): 984–94.
Bibliographia
recensere- Cameron, Matt. 2007. Cockatoos. Collingwood Victoriae Australiae: CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 9780643092327.
- Hochspringen, T. F., Wright, E. E. Schirtzinger, T. Matsumoto, J. R. Eberhard, G. R. Graves, J. J. Sanchez, S. Capelli, H. Müller, J. Scharpegge, G. K. Chambers, et R. C. Fleischer. A Multilocus Molecular Phylogeny of the Parrots (Psittaciformes): Support for a Gondwanan Origin during the Cretaceous. Molecular Biology and Evolution. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn160.
- Rowley, Ian. 1997. Family Psittacidae. In Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 4, Sandgrouse to Cuckoos, ed. Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott, et Jordi Sargatal, 246–69. Barcinonae: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 9788487334221.
Nexus externi
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Situs scientifici: • ITIS • NCBI • Biodiversity • Encyclopedia of Life • WoRMS: Marine Species • Fossilworks |
- "Parrots, Macaws and Allies" apud www.mangoverde.com.
- Pelliculae psittaciformium apud ibc.lynxeds.com. Internet Bird Collection.