Maccarthismus
Maccarthismus[1] (Anglice McCarthyism[2]) est usus accusationum seditionis vel perduellionis comparandarum et constituendarum sine apta indiciorum cura. Vocabulum etiam significat 'usum affirmationum iniquarum factitandarum vel usum iniquarum rationum investigatoriarum vel interrogatoriarum, praecipue ad dissensionem vel reprehensionem civilem restringendam.'[3] Verbum ex aetate in Civitatibus Foederatis ortum est quae Terror Ruber appellari solebat, ab 1950 ad 1956 fere durans, cuius proprietas fuit amplificata repressio politica communistarum, cum propagandis metus eorum potentiae in institutionibus Americanis et in speculatione a procuratoribus Sovieticis effecta. McCarthyismus, vocabulum primum excogitatum ad studia contra communismum reprehendenda Senatoris Iosephi McCarthy, Republicani Visconsiniensis, latiorem significationem mox habebat, nimia conatuum similium describens. Vocabulum McCarthyism nunc generatim adhibetur ad accusationes temerarias et vanas ac ad demagogicos impetus in indoles vel amorem patriae adversariorum politicorum describendos.
Per aetatem Maccarthisticam milia Americanorum, communismi adiuvandi accusati, res investigationum et interrogationum hostilium ante consilia rei publicae et industriorum privatorum facti sunt. Primi tales suspecti erant conducti rei publicae, opifices in industria oblectationis, educatores, et agitatores collegiorum opificum. Contra indicia ancipitia vel dubia investigatores suspicionibus saepe credebant, gradusque minationis per sinistras consociationes vel fides putatas saepe magnopere augebantur. Multi homines quaestum vel curriculum amiserunt; nonnulli in carcerem coniecti sunt, vel etiam sibi mortem consciverunt. Plurimae harum poenarum evenerunt per condemnatorias sententias deinde eversas,[4] leges deinde non constitutionales a curiis declaratas,[5] dimissiones ob causas deinde contra leges declaratas,[6] vel actionabiles,[7] vel modos operandi extra leges qui ad ultimum infames viderentur.
Notissima exempla Maccarthismi sunt orationes, investigationes, et senatoriales cognitiones ipsius senatoris McCarthy; proscriptio Ruscisilvestris, cum cognitionibus a Consilio Agitationum Non Americanarum Camerae Repraesentativorum habitis; et variae agitationes contra communismum a Ministerio Investigationis Foederali effectae, Ioanne Edgaro Hoover duce. McCarthyismus fuit lata et alta societatis et culturae res, quae omnia hominum strata afficiebat, fonsque erat multae dissensionis acris in Civitatibus Foederatis.
Notabiles victimae Maccarthismi
recensereNonnulli ex clarissimis hominibus proscriptis vel homines qui aliam insectationem per aetatem Maccarthismi patiebantur infra perscribuntur:
- Nelson Algren, scriptor[8]
- Lucille Ball, histrio, ostentatrix, et administrator studii pellicularum.[9]
- Alvah Bessie, Legio Abrahami Lincoln, scriptor, scriptor actorum, scriptor ludorum pellicularum, Decemviri Ruscisilvenses
- Elmer Bernstein, compositor et conductor[10]
- Leonardus Bernstein, conductor, clavilista, compositor[11]
- David Bohm, physicus et philosophus[12]
- Bertoldus Brecht, poeta, fabularum scriptor, scriptor ludorum pellicularum
- Archibaldus Brown, Legio Abrahami Lincoln, veteranus Belli Orbis Terrarum II vet, dux unionis[13]
- Esther Brunauer, ex Parte Civitatis eiecta[14]
- Ludovicus Buñuel, director et productor pellicularum[15]
- Carolus Chaplin, histrio et director[16]
- Aaron Copland, compositor[17]
- Bartley Crum, causidicus[18]
- Howardus Da Silva, histrio[19]
- Iulius Dassin, director[20]
- Dolores del Río, histrio[21]
- Eduardus Dmytryk, director, Decemviri Ruscisilvenses
- Gulielmus Eduardus Burghardt Du Bois, activista pro iuribus civilibus et auctor[22]
- Georgius A. Eddy, oeconomus Harvardianus et rationum argentariarum Aerarii Civitatum Foederatarum peritus[23]
- Albertus Einstein, physicus qui Praemium Nobelianum accepit, philosophus, mathematicus, agitator[24]
- Ioannes Eisler, compositor[25]
- Howardus Fast, scriptor[26]
- Leo Feuchtwanger, scriptor mythistoriarum et scriptor scaenicus[27]
- Carolus Foreman, auctor High Noon
- Ioannes Garfield, histrio[17]
- Ioannes Gilford, histrio[19]
- Allen Ginsberg, poeta Aetatis Prostratae
- Ruth Gordon, histrio[19]
- Lee Grant, histrio[28]
- Dashiell Hammett, scriptor[17]
- Elizabetha Hawes, designator vestitus, auctor, activista iurum parium[29]
- Lillian Hellman, scriptor ludorum scaenicorum[17]
- Dorothea Healey, ordinator collegii opificum, magistratus Factionum Communisticarum Civitatum Foederatarum[30]
- Lena Horne, cantrix[19]
- Langston Hughes, scriptor, poeta, scriptor ludorum scaenicorum[17]
- Marsha Hunt, histrio
- Samuel Jaffe, histrio[17]
- Theodorus Kaghan, legatus[31]
- Garson Kanin, scriptor et director[17]
- Daniel Kaye, comoedus, cantor[32]
- Beniaminus Keen, historicus[33]
- Otto Klemperer, conductor et compositor[34]
- Gypsy Rose Lee, histrio et denudator[17]
- Cornelius Lanczos, mathematicus et physicus[35]
- Ring Lardner Jr., scriptor ludorum scaenicorum, Decemviri Ruscicilvenses
- Arthurus Laurents, scriptor ludorum scaenicorum[19]
- Philippus Loeb, histrio[36]
- Iosephus Losey, director[17]
- Albertus Maltz, scriptor ludorum scaenicorum, Decemviri Ruscicilvenses
- Henricus Mann, mythistoriarum scriptor[37]
- Nicolaus Mann, scriptor[37]
- Thomas Mann, mythistoriarum scriptor et commentator qui Praemium Nobelianum accepit[37]
- Burgess Meredith, histrio[17]
- Arthurus Miller, scriptor ludorum et commentator[17]
- Iessica Mitford, auctor et muckraker quae testificari in Congressu recusavit
- Demetrius Mitropoulos, conductor, clavilista, compositor[38]
- Zero Mostel, histrio[17]
- Iosephus Needham, biochemicus sinologus, historicus scientiae
- I. Robertus Oppenheimer, physicus, director Propositi Manhatensis[39]
- Dorothea Parker, scriptrix, humorista[17]
- Linus Pauling, chemicus, praemia Nobeliana chemiae et pacis[40]
- Samuel Reber, legatus[41]
- Al Richmond, ordinator collegiorum opificum, editor[42]
- Martinus Ritt, histrio, director[43]
- Paulus Robeson, histrio, athleta, cantor, scriptor, agitator politicus[44]
- Eduardus G. Robinson, histrio[17]
- Waldo Salt, scriptor scaenarius[45]
- Ioanna Seberg, histrio[46]
- Petrus Seeger, cantor vulgaris, compositor carminum[17]
- Arthurus Shaw, musicus iazzensis, dux grexis, auctor[17]
- Irwin Shaw, scriptor[19]
- Gulielmus L. Shirer, scriptor actorum, auctor[47]
- Lionel Stander, histrio[48]
- Dirk Jan Struik, mathematicus, historicus mathematicae[49]
- Paulus Sweezy, oeconomus et conditor-editor Monthly Review[50]
- Carolus W. Thayer, legatus[51]
- Dalton Trumbo, scriptor ludorum scaenicorum, Decemviri Ruscisilvenses
- Tsien Hsue-shen, physicus[52]
- Samuel Wanamaker, histrio, director, qui Globe Theatre Londinii refecit
- Orson Welles, histrio, scriptor, director pellicularum
- Eugenius Weltfish, anthropologus ab Universitate Columbiae amotus[53]
Notae
recensere- ↑ Haec appellatio a Vicipaediano e lingua indigena in sermonem Latinum conversa est. Extra Vicipaediam huius locutionis testificatio vix inveniri potest.
- ↑ Herbertus Block (aka Herblock) vocabulum McCarthyism Anglice primum publicavit in adumbratione in Washington Post die 29 Martii 1950 edita. Aliis linguis variatim; cf. Cechice Mccarthismus
- ↑ Definitio plenior in hoc dictionario interretiali inveniri potest.
- ↑ Exempli gratia, Yates v. United States (1957) et Watkins v. United States (1957) (Fried 1997:205, 207).
- ↑ Exempli gratia, "Levering Oath" lex Californiensis, non constitutionalis anno 1967 declarata (Fried 1997:124).
- ↑ Exempli gratia, Slochower v. Board of Education (1956) (Fried 1997:203).
- ↑ Exempli gratia, Faulk vs. AWARE Inc., et al. (1962) (Fried 1997:197).
- ↑ Publicatio post contactum Ministerii Investigationis Foederalis prohibitum (Horvath 2005:84).
- ↑ Investigata a Ministerio Investigationis Foederali et ad HUAC vocata quia nomen anno 1936 fautor communista datum erat: Lucille Ball, FBI Records: The Vault, vault.fbi.gov (Federal Bureau of Investigation).
- ↑ In Hollywood proscriptio griseo: "Composer Elmer Bernstein Dead at 82". Associated Press. msnbc.com. August 19, 2004.
- ↑ Schrecker 2002:244.
- ↑ Quaestus amissus, deportatus (Wang 1999:277–278).
- ↑ In carcerem coniectus; Actum Landrum-Griffin prospere reiecit: "Obituary", New York Times, 25 Novembris 1990.
- ↑ "McCarthy Target Ousted". 21 Novembris 1952.
- ↑ Buhle et Wagner 2003a.
- ↑ A gregibus anticommunisticis vexatus; reditus in Civitates Foederatas prohibitus cum iter peregre faciebat (Lev 1999:159).
- ↑ 17.00 17.01 17.02 17.03 17.04 17.05 17.06 17.07 17.08 17.09 17.10 17.11 17.12 17.13 17.14 17.15 In Red Channels proscriptione artificium et ludionum (Schrecker 2002:244).
- ↑ In sua professione proscriptus, sibi mortem conscivit anno 1959 (Bosworth 1998).
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 The Authentic History Center: Red Channels, The Blacklist.
- ↑ In proscriptione Ruscicilvestre: Buhle et Wagner 2003:105.
- ↑ A gregibus anticommunisticis vexata; reditus in Civitates Foederatas prohibitus cum iter peregre faciebat, ergo prohibita ne in pellicula Broken Lance ageret (Ramón 1997:44).
- ↑ Delatus sub Foreign Agents Registration Act (Du Bois 1968).
- ↑ Craig 2004:496.
- ↑ Fred Jerome, The Einstein File: J. Edgar Hoover's Secret War against the World's Most Famous Scientist (Novi Eboraci: St. Martin's Press, 2002), ISBN 0-312-28856-5.
- ↑ Jan Herman, A Talent for Trouble: The Life of Hollywood's Most Acclaimed Director, William Wyler (Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Da Capo, 1995), ISBN 0-306-80798-X.
- ↑ Proscriptus, tres menses in carcerem coniectus ob contemptum Congressus: Sabin 1999:75.
- ↑ Stephan Alexander, Überwacht: Ausgebürgert: Exiliert: Schriftsteller und der Staat (Bielefeld: Aisthesis Verlag, 2007), 36–52, ISBN 978-3-89528-634-6.
- ↑ In proscriptione Ruscisilvestre: Buhle et Wagner 2003:31.
- ↑ Berch 1988.
- ↑ Dennis McLellan, "Dorothy Healey Lifelong Communist Fought for Workers", Los Angeles Times, 8 Augusti 2006.
- ↑ "Theodore Kaghan, 77; Was in Foreign Service," New York Times, 11 Augusti 1989.
- ↑ Freedom of Information/Privacy Act Section. "Subject: Danny Kaye". Federal Bureau of Investigation.
- ↑ Keith Haynes (2003), "Benjamin Keen 1913–2002," Hispanic American Historical Review 83(2):357–359.
- ↑ Peter Heyworth, Otto Klemperer: Vol. 2, 1933-1973: His Life and Times (Cambridge University Press, 1996, ISBN 978-0-521-24488-6).
- ↑ Louis Komzsik, The Lanczos Method: Evolution and Application (SIAM, 2003), 79.
- ↑ Proscriptus et otiosus, sibi mortem anno 1955 conscivit (Fried 1990:156.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 Alexander Stephan, Im Visier des FBI: deutsche Exilschriftsteller in den Akten amerikanischer Geheimdienste (Metzler, 1995, ISBN 3-476-01381-2).
- ↑ Trotter 1995.
- ↑ Security clearance withdrawn (Schrecker 2002:41).
- ↑ Commeatus diploma identidem denegatum: Thompson et Viruleg 1992.
- ↑ Dean 2001:65, 127, 140.
- ↑ Laudatio, New York Times, 9 Novembris 1987.
- ↑ Buhle et Wagner 2003:18.
- ↑ Proscriptus, commeatus diploma revocatum: Marable, McMillian, et Frazier 2003:559.
- ↑ Buhle et Wagner 2003:208.
- ↑ Brodeur 1997:159–165.
- ↑ New York Times: Herbert Mitgang, "William L. Shirer, Author, Is Dead at 89."
- ↑ Lawrence Van Gelder, "Lionel Stander Dies at 86; Actor Who Defied Blacklist," New York Times, 2 Decembris 1994.
- ↑ G. Alberts et W. T. van Est, "Leevensbericht Dirk Jan Struik," Huygens Institute - Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 7.
- ↑ Citatus testis ab Attorney General Novae Hantoniae, delatus ob contemptum curiae: M. J. Heale, McCarthy's Americans: Red Scare Politics in State and Nation, 1935–1965 (University of Georgia Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8203-2026-9), 73.
- ↑ Robert D. Dean, Imperial Brotherhood: Gender and the Making of Cold War Foreign Policy (Amherst, Massachusettae: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001), 141–144.
- ↑ Commeatus diploma rescissum, in carcere coniectus: Iris Chang, Thread of the Silkworm (Basic Books, ISN 0465006787).
- ↑ Price 2004.
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- Fried, Albert. 1997. McCarthyism, The Great American Red Scare: A Documentary History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509701-7.
- Fried, Richard M. 1990. Nightmare in Red: The McCarthy Era in Perspective. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504361-8.
- Griffith, Robert. 1970. The Politics of Fear: Joseph R. McCarthy and the Senate. University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 0-87023-555-9.
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- McAuliff, Mary Sperling. 1978. Crisis on the Left: Cold War Politics and American Liberals, 1947–1954. University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 0-87023-241-X.
- McDaniel, Rodger. 2013. Dying for Joe McCarthy's Sins: The Suicide of Wyoming Senator Lester Hunt. WordsWorth.
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- Navasky, Victor S. 1980. Naming Names. Hill and Wang. ISBN 0-8090-0183-7.
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- Price, David H. 2004. Threatening Anthropology: McCarthyism and the FBI's Surveillance of Activist Anthropologists. Duke University Press.
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- Schrecker, Ellen. 1994. The Age Of McCarthyism: A Brief History with Documents. Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-08349-1.
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- Stephan, Alexander. 1995. Im Visier des FBI: deutsche Exilschriftsteller in den Akten amerikanischer Geheimdienste. Metzler. ISBN 3-476-01381-2.
- Stone, Geoffrey R. 2004. Perilous Times: Free Speech in Wartime from the Sedition Act of 1798 to the War on Terrorism. Novi Eboraci: W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-05880-8.
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- Trotter, William R. 1995. Priest of Music: The Life of Dimitri Mitropoulos. Amadeus Press. ISBN 0-931340-81-0.
- Wang, Jessica. 1999. American Science in an Age of Anxiety: scientists, anticommunism, & the cold war. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-2447-4.
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Nexus externi
recensere
|
Vicicitatio habet citationes quae ad Iosephum McCarthy spectant. |
- Badash, Lawrence. 2007. Science in the McCarthy Period: Training Ground for Scientists as Public Citizens. Oregon State University
- Beyer, Mary, et Michael Beyer. 2006. McCarthyism Today. International Journal of Baudrillard Studies, Ianuario.
- McCarthyism / The "Red Scare." Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum, and Boyhood Home. Dwight D. Eisenhower Online Documents.
- Rusher, William A. 2004. A Closer Look Under The Bed. Claremont Review of Books. Textus.