Symbolismus (artes)

Symbolismus fuit motus artis qui saeculi undevicensimi exeunte ex fontibus Francicis, Russicis, et Belgicis in poesi et aliis artibus ortus est, imprimis in litteris, praecipue in Caroli Baudelaire Les Fleurs du mal, libro poematum anno 1857 divulgato. Opera Edgari Allan Poe, quae Baudelaire, magnopere admirans, in Francicum convertit, magnam auctoritatem hoc in motu habebant, fonsque multorum quotidianorum troporum, allegoriarum et imaginum erant. Fundamenta huius aesthetica a Stephano Mallarmé et Paulo Verlaine decennia annis 1860 et 1870 diligenter iacta est. Annis 1880, haec aesthetica, in serie edictorum articulatim dicta, aetatem artificum et scriptorum attraxit. Nomen symbolista ipsum primum ab Ioanne Moréas iudice litterario adhibitum est, qui vocabulum excogitavit ad symbolistas a cognatis degeneris litterarum et artis oculorum distinguendos. Symbolismus artis, ad modum litterarum cognatus cum autem ab illo distinctus sit, ad quoddam hermetismum et gothicum Romanticismi elementum pertinet.

Victor Vasnetsov, *Eques ad quadrivium,* 1878.

Symbolistae recensere

Gaston Bussière, Salammbô (1907).

Praecursores recensere

Gulielmus Blake (1757–1827), scriptor Anglicus (Songs of Innocence)
Caspar David Friedrich (1774–1840), pictor Germanicus (Wanderer above the Sea of Fog)
Alexander Puškin (1799–1837), poeta et scriptor Russicus (Евгений Онегин)
Đorđe Marković Koder (1806–1891), poeta Serbicus (Romoranka)
Gerardus de Nerval (1808–1855), poeta Francicus
Iulius Amadeus Barbey d'Aurevilly (1808–1889), scriptor Francicus
Edgarus Allan Poe (1809–1849), poeta et scriptor Americanus (The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket)
Michael Lermontov (1814–1841), poeta et scriptor Russicus (Герой нашего времени)
Carolus Baudelaire (1821–1867), poeta Francicus (Les Fleurs du mal)
Gustavus Flaubert (1821–1880), scriptor Francicus (Madame Bovary)
Dantes Gabriel Rossetti (1828–1882), poeta et pictor Anglicus (Beata Beatrix)
Christina Rossetti (1830–1894), poeta Anglica

Auctores recensere

Francici

Augustus Villiers de l'Isle-Adam (1838–1889)
Stephanus Mallarmé (1842–1898)
Paulus Verlaine (1844–1896)
Arthurus Rimbaud (1854–1891)
Albertus Samain (1858–1900)
Rémy de Gourmont (1858–1915)
Gustavus Kahn (1859–1936)
Iulius Laforgue (1860–1887)
Rachilde (1860–1953)
Paulus Adam (1862–1920)
Franciscus Vielé-Griffin (1863–1937)
Henricus de Régnier (1864–1936)
Albertus Aurier (1865–1892)
Marcellus Schwob (1867–1905)
Paulus Valéry (1871–1945)
Paulus Fort (1872–1960)
Alfredus Jarry (1873–1907)
Carolus Vildrac (1882–1971)
Georgius Duhamel (1884–1966)
Alexander Mercereau (1884–1945)
Iulius Romains (1885–1972)

Russici

Innocentius Annenskij (1855–1909)
Theodorus Sologub (1863–1927)
Demetrius Merežkovskij (1865–1941)
Venceslaus Ivanov (1866–1949)
Constantinus Bal'mont (1867–1942)
Zinaida Gippius (1869–1945)
Valerius Brjusov (1873–1924)
Ioannes Konevskoj (1877–1901)
Maximilianus Vološin (1877–1932)
Alexander Blok (1880–1921)
Andreas Belyj (1880–1934)

Belgici

Aemilius Verhaeren (1855–1916)
Georgius Rodenbach (1855–1898)
Albertus Giraud (1860–1929)
Mauritius Maeterlinck (1862–1949)
Leo Frédéric (1865–1940)
Albertus Mockel (1866–1945)

Georgici

Gregorius Robakidze (1880–1962)
Valerianus Gaprindashvili (1888–1941)
Sergius Kldiashvili (1893–1986)
Paulus Iashvili (1894–1937)
Alexander Tsirekidze (1894–1923)
Kolau Nadiradze (1895–1991)
Titianus Tabidze (1895–1937)
Georgius Leonidze (1899–1966)

Armenici

Levon Shant (1869–1951)
Siamanto (1878–1915)
Daniel Varujan (1884–1915)
Summitatem.^? Pictura a Caesare Saccaggi facta (1912).
Gostan Zarian ( 1885–1969)
Misak Metsarents (1886–1908)

Serbici

Aleksa Šantić (1868–1924)
Jovan Dučić (1871–1943)
Svetozar Ćorović (1875–1919)
Milan Rakić (1876–1938)
Borisav Stanković (1876–1927)
Jovan Skerlić (1877–1914)
Isidora Sekulić (1877–1958)
Petrus Kočić (1877–1916)
Vladislaus Petković Dis (1880–1917)
Sima Pandurović (1883–1960)
Veljko Petrović (poet) (1884–1967)

Alii

Antonius Lange (1861–1929), Polonicus
Thaddeus Miciński (1873–1918), Polonicus
Stanislaus Korab-Brzozowski (1876–1901), Polonicus
Ioannes Moréas (1856–1910), Graecus
Ioannes da Cruz e Sousa (1861–1898), Brasilianus
Stuartus Merrill (1863–1915), Americanus
Sophus Claussen (1865-1935), Danus
Camilus Pessanha (1867–1926), Lusitanus
Otokar Březina (1868–1929), Cechicus
Jurgis Baltrušaitis (1873–1944), Lithuanicus
Ioannes Krasko (1876–1958), Slovacicus
Renatus Vivien (1877–1909), Anglicus
Iosephus Murn Aleksandrov (1879–1901), Slovenivus
Aemilius Nelligan (1879–1941), Canadianus
Ady Endre (1877–1919), Hungaricus
Georgius Bacovia (1881–1957), Romanianus
Mathaeus Caragiale (1885–1936), Romanianus
Dimcho Debelyanov (1887–1916), Bulgarianus
Caesar Saccaggi (1868–1934) Italicus

Auctoritas in litteris Anglicis recensere

Georgius MacDonald (1824–1905)
Algernon Carolus Swinburne (1837–1909)
Anscharius Wilde (1854–1900)
Franciscus Thompson (1859–1907)
Rosamunda Marriott Watson (1860–1911)
Gulielmus Butler Yeats (1865–1939)
Arthurus Symons (1865–1945)
Ioannes Gray (1866–1934)
Ernestus Dowson (1867–1900)
Georgius Sterling (1869–1926)
Olive Custance (1874–1944)
Wallace Stevens (1879–1955)
Iacobus Elroy Flecker (1884–1915)
Editha Sitwell (1887–1964)
T. S. Eliot (1888–1965)
Conradus Aiken (1889–1973)
Clark Ashton Smith (1893–1961)
Hart Crane (1899–1932)
Catherina Mansfield (1888–1923)

Symbolistici oculorum artifices recensere

Russici

Victor Vasnetsov (1848–1926)
Michael Vrubel (1856–1910)
Michael Nesterov (1862–1942)
Leo Bakst (1866–1924)
Basilius Kandinsky (prima opera) (1866–1944)
Constantinus Somov (1869–1939)
Alexander Benois (1870–1960)
Victor Borisov-Musatov (1870–1905)
Constantinus Bogaevsky (1872–1943)
Nicolaus Roerich (1874–1947)
Ioannes Bilibin (1876–1942)

Francici

Petrus Puvis de Chavannes (1824–1898)
Gustavus Moreau (1826–1898)
Henricus Fantin-Latour (1836–1904)
Odilon Redon (1840–1916)
Paulus Gauguin (1848–1903)
Gaston Bussière (1862–1929)
Carolus Filiger (1863–1928)
Lucianus Lévy-Dhurmer (1865–1953)
Aemilius Bernard (1868–1941)

Belgici

Felicianus Rops (1855–1898)
Ferdinandus Khnopff (1858–1921)
Ioannes Delville (1867–1953)
Leo Spilliaert (1882–1946)
Gulielmus Degouve de Nuncques(1867–1935)

Alii

Arnoldus Boecklin (1827–1901), Helveticus
Georgius Fridericus Watts (1817–1904), Anglicus
Ioannes Gulielmus Waterhouse (1849–1917), Anglicus
Arthurus Bowen Davies (1863–1928), Americanus
Ioannes Toorop (1858–1928), Nederlandicus
Jacek Malczewski (1854–1929), Polonicus
Ioannes Segantini (1858–1899), Italicus
Franciscus Stuck (1863–1928), Germanus
Ferdinandus Hodler (1853–1918), Helveticus
Gustavus Klimt (1862–1918), Austrianus
Eduardus Munch (1863–1944), Norvegicus
Hugo Simberg (1873–1917), Finnicus
Ioannes Duncan (1866–1945), Scotus
Nicolaus Čiurlionis (1875–1911), Lithuanicus
Eliseu Visconti (1866–1944), Brasilianus
Felix Casorati (1883–1963), Italicus
Ze'ev Raban (1890–1970), Polonicus-Israeliticus

Compositores symbolistici recensere

Ricardus Wagner (1813–1883), Germanus
Gabriel Fauré (1845–1924), Francicus
Carolus Loeffler (1861–1935), Americanus
Claudius Debussy (1862–1918), Francicus
Ericus Satie (1866–1925), Francicus
Mieczysław Karłowicz (1876–1909), Polonicus
Alexander Skrjabin (1872–1912), Russicus
Mauritius Ravel (1875–1937), Francicus
Nicolaus Čiurlionis (1875–1911), Lithuanicus
Cyril Scott (1879–1970), Anglicus
Carolus Szymanowski (1882–1937), Polonicus

Pinacotheca recensere

Gustavus Klimt, Allegoria Sculpturae.
Ioannes Toorop (1858–1928), Tres Nuptae.
Ferdinandus Khnopff, Tus.
Carolus Schwabe, Mors Fossoris Sepulcrorum, compendium signorum symbolisticorum.
Franciscus von Stuck, Susanna.
Tegmen libri Theatri Alexandri Blok (1909).

Nexus interni

Synthetismus

Bibliographia recensere

Balakian, Anna. 1967. The Symbolist Movement: A Critical Appraisal. Novi Eboraci: Random House.
Delvaille, Bernard. 1971. La poésie symboliste: anthologie. Lutetiae: Seghers. ISBN 2221501616.
Facos, Michelle. 2009. Symbolist Art in Context. Berkeleiae: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520254992, ISBN 9780520255821.
Harvey, Paul, et J. E. Heseltine, eds. 1959. The Oxford Companion to French Literature. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198661045.
Houston, John Porter, et Mona Tobin Houston. 1980. French Symbolist Poetry: An Anthology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253202507.
Jullian, Philippe. 1973. The Symbolists. Oxoniae: Phaidon; Novi Eboraci: E. P. Dutton. ISBN 0714817392.
Lehmann, Andrew George. (1950), 1968. The Symbolist Aesthetic in France 1885–1895. Oxoniae: Basil Blackwell.
Praz, Mario. 1930. The Romantic Agony Londinii: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192810618.
Symons, Arthur. (1899), 1919. The Symbolist Movement in Literature..
Wilson, Edmond. Axel's Castle: A Study in the Imaginative Literature of 1870–1930. Library of America. Internet Archive. ISBN 9781598530131.

Nexus externi recensere

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad picturas symbolisticas spectant (Symbolist paintings, Symbolism (arts)).

Vicicitatio habet citationes quae ad Symbolismus (artes) spectant.

Corpus artis symbolisticae Germanicae, www.symbolismus.com
Les Poètes maudits Pauli Verlaine, www.poetes.com
Pinacotheca symbolistarum, www.artmagick.com (ArtMagick)
Quid est symbolismus in arte, www.tendreams.org (Ten Dreams Galleries)
Symbolismus, serdar.hizli-art.com (de Gustavo Moreau, Petrus Puvis de Chavannes, Odilon Redon)
Symbolismus literarius, digitalcommons.unl.edu (in A Companion to Modernist Literature and Culture, 2006)