Religio Islamica

Religio Islamica, vel Islamus aut in Arabico sermone al-Islām (litteris Arabicis الإسلام: IPA praecipue [ʔɪsˈlæːm] et [ʔiˈslaːm]), est religio monotheistica, abs Alcorano libro sacro articulata et a fidelibus verbum Dei (Arabice الله, Allāh) ad verbum habita, secundum doctrinas ordinariumque exemplum (Sunnah appellatum, ex hadit compositum) Mahometi, ultimi prophetae Dei. Adsectatores religionis Islamicae appellantur Musulmani.

Unam legis e paginis de

Religione Islamica

disserentibus

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Fides

• Prophetae: Mahometus
• Praedestinatio
• Liber sacer
• Eschatologia

Mores

• Quinque Columnae Islamicae
• Sahada
• Hagga

Scripta

• Alcoranus
• Hadit
• Sharia

Vide etiam
Islamus et aliae religiones

Religio Islamica saeculo septimo ineunte in Arabia a Mahometo propheta condita est. Cum fere 1.8 milliardis fidelium post Christianam (cum fere 2.2 milliardis) hodie in orbe terrarum numero fidelium secunda est religio. Decem civitates, quibus est maxima omnium Musulmanorum pars, sunt Indonesia (12.9%), Pakistania (11.1%), India (10.3%), Bangladesha (9.3%), Aegyptus et Nigeria (utraque 5%), Irania et Turcia (utraque 4.7%), Algeria (2.2%) et Marocum (fere 2%). In his civitatibus plus quam duae partes omnium Musulmanorum vivunt.

Duo sunt fundamenta litteraria religionis Islamicae: primum Alcoranus, qui verbum Dei Mahometo revelatum habetur; secundum narrationes (Hadit) de vitae moribus (Sunnah) Mahometi, cuius in mores velut "legati Dei" ac exempli se Musulmani formare debent. Omnes ex his litteris sumptae regulae ius Islamicum (شريعة saria) efficiunt.

Stella et cornua lunae (Hilal), unum e signis Islamicis maximi momenti.

Caba Meccae Arabiae, hic nocte visum, est sedes religionis Islamicae, ubi Musulmani inter se ex omne orbe terrarum ad orandum congrediuntur.

Civitates, quarum Islamica incolarum pars 5 centesimas transcendit. Viride: Sunnitae, rubrum: Siitae, caeruleum: Ibaditae (Omania).

Musulmani credunt Deum esse unum et incomparabilem, et propositum vitae humanae esse hunc deitatem venerari. Verbum quidem Islam significat 'mentis et spiritús deditionem' ad hoc numen, vel 'submissio' (erga id). Ei etiam credunt Islamum esse absolutam et universam primordialis fidei patefactionem, quae multis temporibus locisque a nuntiis Dei revelata est, inter eos Abraham, Moyses, et Iesus, quos ei habent prophetas. Tradunt priores nuntios et patefactiones partim mutatas vel corruptas fuisse, sed Alcoranum enimvero esse integram et ultimam Dei patefactionem. Inter notiones moresque Musulmanorum religiosos sunt Quinque columnae Islamicae, quae pro fundamentalibus venerationis notionibus usibusque necessariis sunt, et lex Islamica (Saria), quae paene omnem vitae societatisque aspectum tangit, consilium in rebus multiplicibus suppeditans, ab aerario et salute, ad militiam et circumiectum.

Quinque religionis columnae

In religione Islamica quinque sunt elementa, quae columnae religionis vocantur:

• fidei professio, hisce verbis expressa: "Testor nullum esse deum nisi Deum Machometumque prophetam eius esse." (Arabice haec locutio Sahada appellatur).
• preces (‏صلاة‎ salāt): quinquiens quotidie: ante solis ortum, meridie, post meridiem, sole occidente, nocte incipiente. Praescriptum est, ut quemque precem vocatus a muazino de minareto clamatus et lavatio ritualis antecedat. Feria sexta preces meridianae in meschita adhibentur, quod viris debitum officium, feminis autem commendatio est.
• eleemosyna (‏زكاة‎ zakāt): Tributum, quod ab omni Musulmano sano, libero, adulto ac satis locupleti ad pauperes, servos, debitores et viatores adiuvandos nec non in gihad dandum est. Summa secundum condiciones variat.
• ieiunium mense Ramadan habitum.
• peregrinatio Meccam ultimo lunae mense.

Sectae

Prima sura in libro Qur'anico ab Hattat Aziz Efendi manu scripto.

Dividuntur in nonnullas factiones Musulmani, inter quas Sunnitae Siitaeque. Siitae credunt auctoritatem, propheta defuncto, recte in Ali generum Machometi transmissam esse, absque illo in familiam eius; Sunnitae contra credunt illam auctoritatem per electionem transmissam esse, itaque Omari successoribusque eius. Invenies et Sunnitas et Siitas per mundum Islamicum dispositos; praeponderunt tamen Siitae in Irania, Mesopotamia Libanoque, Sunnitae alibi.

Est etiam tertia factio, Secta Charigitica appellata, quae olim magnam Africae Septentrionalis partem occupabat, hodie tantum in Omania (vide Ibaditae) et in tribus parvis Africae Septentrionalis regionibus fideles complures habet.

Loci sacri

Religio Islamica varios locos quasi sacros habet. Principalis est Mecca, ubi sanctuarium Caba ponitur et quo Musulmani peregrinationem (Haggam) faciunt; hi peregrinatores nomine hajji honorantur. Etiam Medina (urbs prophetae) et Hierosolyma sacrae vocantur.

Hegira (Arabice hijra) fuit fuga Mahometi discipulorumque suorum a Mecca ad Yathrebum, quod oppidum postea nominatur "Oppidum Prophetae" (Madinat an Nabi), vel breviter Medina.

Nexus interni

Mescita Sultan Ahmet Constantinopoli Turciae.

Puellae Musulmanae pro Mescitá Istiqlal Iakartae stant. Multae mulieres Musulmanae comas coram omnibus non monstrant.

• Annus Hegirae
• Ars Islamica
• Dhikr
• Divisiones mundi in Islam
• Ethica Islamica
• Hatib
• Index Islamicus
• Index theologorum
• Irfan
• Islam et aliae religiones
• Islam et animalia
• Islam et pueri
• Islam et scientia
• Islam et saecularismus
• Islam et modernitas
• Islamismus
• Islamophobia
• Iudicium Islamismi
• Iudicium Hadith
• Litterae Islamicae
• Medicina Islamica
• Nasid
• Oeconomia Islamica
• Qadariyya
• Religio monotheistica
• Religio pacis
• Sharia

Bibliographia

Libri et diurni

• Accad, Martin. 2003. The Gospels in the Muslim Discourse of the Ninth to the Fourteenth Centuries: An Exegetical Inventorial Table (Part I). Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations 14 (1). ISSN 0959-6410. (Anglice)
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• Ahmed, Akbar. 1999. Islam Today: A Short Introduction to the Muslim World. Ed. secunda. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 9781860642579.
• Armstrong, Karen. 2006. Muhammad: A Prophet for our Time. Novi Eboraci: HarperCollins. ISBN 0060598972. (Anglice)
• Brockopp, Jonathan E. 2003. Islamic Ethics of Life: abortion, war and euthanasia. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 1570034710. (Anglice)
• Cohen-Mor, Dalya (2001). A Matter of Fate: The Concept of Fate in the Arab World as Reflected in Modern Arabic Literature. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195133986  (Anglice)
• Curtis, Patricia A. (2005). A Guide to Food Laws and Regulations. Blackwell Publishing Professional. ISBN 9780813819464  (Anglice)
• Eglash, Ron (1999). African Fractals: Modern Computing and Indigenous Design. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0813526140  (Anglice)
• Ernst, Carl (2004). Following Muhammad: Rethinking Islam in the Contemporary World. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0807855774  (Anglice)
• Esposito, John; John Obert Voll (1996). Islam and Democracy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195108167  (Anglice)
• Esposito, John (1998). Islam: The Straight Path (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195112344  (Anglice)
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• Esposito, John (2000b). Oxford History of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195107999  (Anglice)
• Esposito, John (2002a). Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195168860  (Anglice)
• Esposito, John (2002b). What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195157133  (Anglice)
• Esposito, John (2003). The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195125584  (Anglice)
• Esposito, John (2004). Islam: The Straight Path (3rd Rev Upd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195182668  (Anglice)
• Farah, Caesar (1994). Islam: Beliefs and Observances (5th ed.). Barron's Educational Series. ISBN 9780812018530  (Anglice)
• Farah, Caesar (2003). Islam: Beliefs and Observances (septima ed.). Barron's Educational Series. ISBN 978076412226-2  (Anglice)
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• Friedmann, Yohanan (2003). Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in the Muslim Tradition. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521026994  (Anglice)
• Ghamidi, Javed (2001). Mizan. Dar al-Ishraq  (Anglice)
• Goldschmidt, Jr., Arthur; Lawrence Davidson (2005). A Concise History of the Middle East (octava ed.). Westview Press. ISBN 9780813342757  (Anglice)
• Griffith, Ruth Marie; Barbara Dianne Savage (2006). Women and Religion in the African Diaspora: Knowledge, Power, and Performance. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0801883709  (Anglice)
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• Hedayetullah, Muhammad (2006). Dynamics of Islam: An Exposition. Trafford Publishing. ISBN 9781553698425  (Anglice)
• Holt, P. M.; Bernard Lewis (1977a). Cambridge History of Islam, Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521291364  (Anglice)
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• Hourani, Albert; Malise Ruthven (2003). A History of the Arab Peoples. Belknap Press; Revised edition. ISBN 978-0674010178  (Anglice)
• Humphreys, Stephen (2005). Between Memory and Desire. University of California Press. ISBN 052-0246918  (Anglice)
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• Lewis, Bernard (2003). What Went Wrong?: The Clash Between Islam and Modernity in the Middle East (Reprint ed.). Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0060516055  (Anglice)
• Lewis, Bernard (2004). The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror. Novi Eboraci: Random House. ISBN 9780812967852  (Anglice)
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• Sahas, Daniel J. (1997). John of Damascus on Islam: The Heresy of the Ishmaelites. Brill Academic Publishers. ISBN 9789004034952  (Anglice)
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• Stillman, Norman (1979). The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America. ISBN 1-82760-198-1  (Anglice)
• Tabatabae, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn; Seyyed Hossein Nasr (translator) (1979). Shi'ite Islam. Suny press. ISBN 0873952723  (Anglice)
• Tabatabae, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn; R. Campbell (translator) (2002). Islamic teachings: An Overview and a Glance at the Life of the Holy Prophet of Islam. Green Gold. ISBN 0922817006  (Anglice)
• Teece, Geoff (2003). Religion in Focus: Islam. Franklin Watts Ltd. ISBN 978-0749647964  (Anglice)
• Tolan, John V. (2002). Saracens: Islam in the Medieval European Imagination. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231123329  (Anglice)
• Trimingham, John Spencer (1998). The Sufi Orders in Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195120582  (Anglice)
• Tritton, Arthur S. (1970) [1930]. The Caliphs and their Non-Muslim Subjects: A Critical Study of the Covenant of Umar. London: Frank Cass Publisher. ISBN 0714619965  (Anglice)
• Turner, Colin (2006). Islam: the Basics. Routledge (UK). ISBN 041534106X  (Anglice)
• Turner, Bryan S. (1998). Weber and Islam. Routledge (UK). ISBN 0415174589  (Anglice)
• Waines, David (2003). An Introduction to Islam. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521539064  (Anglice)
• Warraq, Ibn (2000). The Quest for Historical Muhammad. Prometheus. ISBN 9781573927871  (Anglice)
• Warraq, Ibn. 2003. Leaving Islam: Apostates Speak Out. Prometheus. ISBN 1591020689. (Anglice)
• Watt, W. Montgomery. 1973. The Formative Period of Islamic Thought. Edimburgi: University Press Edinburgh. ISBN 085224245X. (Anglice)
• Watt, W. Montgomery. 1974. Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198810784. (Anglice)
• Weiss, Bernard G. 2002. Studies in Islamic Legal Theory. Bostoniae: Brill Academic Publishers. ISBN 9004120661. (Anglice)
• Williams, John Alden. 1994. The Word of Islam. University of Texas Press. ISBN 0292790767. (Anglice)
• Williams, Mary E. 2000. The Middle East. Greenhaven Press. ISBN 0737701331. (Anglice)

Encyclopaediae

• Bearman, P. J., T. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, et W. P. Heinrichs, eds. Encyclopaedia of Islam Online. Brill Academic Publishers ISSN 1573-3912.
• John Bowden, ed. (2005) (1st ed.). Oxford University Press 
• Erwin Fahlbusch, William Geoffrey Bromiley, ed. (2001) (1st ed.). Eerdmans Publishing Company, and Brill 
• Lindsay Jones, ed. (2005) (2a ed.). MacMillan Reference Books 
• George Thomas Kurian, Graham T. T. Molitor, ed. (1995). MacMillan Reference Books 
• Paul Lagasse, Lora Goldman, Archie Hobson, Susan R. Norton, ed. (2000) (6th ed.). Gale Group 
• Richard C. Martin, Said Amir Arjomand, Marcia Hermansen, Abdulkader Tayob, Rochelle Davis, John Obert Voll, ed. (2003). MacMillan Reference Books. ISBN 978-0028656038 
• Jane Dammen McAuliffe, ed. Brill Academic Publishers 
• William H. McNeill, Jerry H. Bentley, David Christian, ed. (2005). Berkshire Publishing Group 
• Gabriel Oussani, ed. (1910) 
• . Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 
• Salamone Frank, ed. (2004) (1st ed.). Routledge. ISBN 9780415941808 
• Peter N. Stearns, ed. (2000) (6 ed.). Bartleby 
• Josef W. Meri, ed. (2005). Routledge. ISBN 0415966906 

Opera addita

• Arberry, A. J. 1996. The Koran Interpreted: A Translation. Touchstone. ISBN 9780684825076. (Anglice)
• Craig, Edward, ed. 1998. Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Routledge. ISBN 9780415073103.
• Doniger, Wendy. 1999. erriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions. Merriam-Webster. ISBN 0877790442
• Glasse, Cyril. 2003. New Encyclopedia of Islam: A Revised Edition of the Concise Encyclopedia of Islam. AltaMira Press. ISSN 9780759101906.
• Khan, Muhammad Muhsin, Al-Hilali Khan, et Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din. 1999. Noble Quran. Dar-us-Salam Publications. ISBN 9789960740799. (Anglice)
• Kettani, Houssain. World Muslim Population: 1950–2020.^{[nexus deficit]}
• Khanbaghi, A. 2006. The Fire, the Star and the Cross: Minority Religions in Medieval and Early Modern Iran. IB Tauris. (Anglice)
• Kramer, Martin, ed. 1999. The Jewish Discovery of Islam: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lewis. Syracuse University. ISBN 9789652240408. (Anglice)
• Kuban, Dogan. 1974. Muslim Religious Architecture. Brill Academic Publishers. ISBN 9004038132. (Anglice)
• Lewis, Bernard. 1994. Islam and the West. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195090611. (Anglice)
• Lewis, Bernard. 1996. Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the Age of Discovery. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195102833. (Anglice)
• Mubarkpuri, Saifur-Rahman. 2002. The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Prophet. Dar-us-Salam Publications. ISBN 9781591440710. (Anglice)
• Najeebabadi, Akbar Shah. 2001. History of Islam. Dar-us-Salam Publications. ISBN 9781591440345. (Anglice)
• Nigosian, S. A. 2004. Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253216274. (Anglice)
• Rahman, Fazlur. 1979. Islam. Ed. 2a. Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226702812. (Anglice)
• Tausch, Arno. 2009. Muslim Calvinism. Amstelodami: Rozenberg Publishers. ISBN 9789051709957. (Anglice)
• Tausch, Arno. 2009. What 1.3 Billion Muslims Really Think: An Answer to a Recent Gallup Study, Based on the "World Values Survey." Novi Eboraci: Nova Science Publishers. ISBN 9781606927311. (Anglice)
• Walker, Benjamin. 1998. Foundations of Islam: The Making of a World Faith. Peter Owen Publishers. ISBN 9780720610383. (Anglice)