Sivaismus[7][8] (Śaivam; Tamulice சைவம்; Devanagari शैव संप्रदाय;[9][10][11] Formula:Lang-as; Formula:Lang-bn; Formula:Lang-te; Formula:Lang-kn; Formula:Lang-ml;Formula:Lang-or; Formula:Lang-si) est una ex traditionibus maximi momenti intra Hinduismum, quae Sivum veneratur ens supremum.[12][13][14] Sectatores Shaivites et Saivites appellantur. Sivaismus est una ex maximis sectis quae credunt Sivum, mundorum creatorem deletoremque rite cultum, esse deum supremum, supra omnes.[15] Cultoribus sunt multae traditiones, inter quas theismus dualisticus (sicut Siva Siddhanta) et non-theismus monisticus ad iogam inclinans, sicut Shaivismus Kashmiriensis.[16][17][18] Ambo Vedi et Agamae fontes theologiae magnam auctoritatem apud cultores habent.[19][20] Origo Shaivismi a Rudrá conceptó in Rigveda repeti potest.[21]

Sivus (supra) est primus Shavaismi deitas. Ritus ad Muni ki Reti in Rishikesh
Lamina venerationis Virabhadra.
Evolutio variarum Sivaismi scholarum ex prima veneratione Rudrae.
Sigillum "Pashupati" ex cultu humano Vallis Indi.
Nummi Kushan saeculi secundi: unum latus deitatem cum tauro pingit. Aliquot eruditi putant hanc deitatem esse Sivum quia tridentem tenet, statum ithyphallicum monstrat, et iuxta Nandi taurum stat, ut in Shaivismo.[1][2][3] Alii autem dicunt eum esse Oesho Zoroastrismum, non Sivum.[2]
Icones Sivi et mulier Hindu quae in flumine Narmada orat (puja faciens) in Maheshwar Madhya Pradesh.
Templum litorale saeculi septimi aut octavi ad Mahabalipuram est patrimonium totius mundi. Nonnulla milia sculpturarum ad Sivaismum conectarum ostendit.[4]
Duae asceticae Sivi. Pictura saeculi duodevicensimi.
Tres cinis lineae (Tripundra), notá rubrá in fronte, est signum quod multo in omnibus Shaivismi traditionibus observatur, om significans.[5][6]

Etymologia et nomina recensere

Vocabulum Shiva (śiva, Tamulice சிவன், Sanscrite शिव) ad verbum significat 'benignum, amicum, propitium, felicem' (Anglice "kind, friendly, gracious, auspicious"),[22][23] unde nomen proprium, quod 'felicem, prosperum, secundum, faustum' (Anglice "The Auspicious One"[23]) significat.

Nexus interni

Notae recensere

  1. Loeschner, Hans (2012) The Stūpa of the Kushan Emperor Kanishka the Great, Sino-Platonic Papers, No. 227 (July 2012), p. 11.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Bopearachchi, O. (2007), "Some observations on the chronology of the early Kushans," Res Orientales 17: 41–53.
  3. Perkins, J. (2007), "Three-headed Śiva on the Reverse of Vima Kadphises's Copper Coinage," South Asian Studies 23 (1): 31–37.
  4. Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram, UNESCO World Heritage Sites; Quote: "It is known especially for its rathas (temples in the form of chariots), mandapas (cave sanctuaries), giant open-air reliefs such as the famous 'Descent of the Ganges', and the temple of Rivage, with thousands of sculptures to the glory of Shiva."
  5. Deussen, Paul (1997). Sixty Upanishads of the Veda. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 789–790. ISBN 978-81-208-1467-7 .
  6. Antonio Rigopoulos (2013), Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism, vol.5 (Brill Academic, ISBN 978-9004178960), 182-183.
  7. Petrus A. Bohlen, De Buddhaismi origine et aetate definiendis tentamen (Regimontii Prussorum, 1827), p. 24, Sivaismum.
  8. Antonius Fridericus Ozanam, De frequenti apud veteres poetas heroum ad inferos descensu (Lutetiae, 1839), p. 39, Sivaismi.
  9. "History of Shaivism" 
  10. "facts on the Shaivism" 
  11. Dancing with Siva. USA: Himalayan Academy. section: Glossary—Śabda Kośaḥ N-S 
  12. S. Parmeshwaranand 2004: 19–20, 272–275.
  13. P. T. Raju (1985). Structural Depths of Indian Thought. State University of New York Press. pp. 10–14, 509–516. ISBN 978-0-88706-139-4 .
  14. Cum Vaishnavismo, Saktismo, et Smartismo.
  15. Flood 2003: 200–201.
  16. Flood 1996: 162–167.
  17. Ganesh Tagare (2002), The Pratyabhijñā Philosophy (Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-1892-7), 16–19.
  18. Flood 2003: 202–204.
  19. Mariasusai Dhavamony (1999), Hindu Spirituality (Gregorian University and Biblical Press, ISBN 978-88-7652-818-7), 31–34 et notae.
  20. Mark Dyczkowski (1989), The Canon of the Śaivāgama (Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-0595-8), 43–44.
  21. Textbooks from India, Volume 1. National Council of Educational Research and Training. 2002. p. 199 .
  22. Apte, Vaman Shivram (1965), The Practical Sanskrit Dictionary, ed. quarta, retractata (Dellii: Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 81-208-0567-4), p. 919.
  23. 23.0 23.1 Macdonell, p. 314.

Bibliographia recensere

Nexus externi recensere

  Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Sivaismum spectant.

~*Encyclopædia Britannica, "Shaivism"