Laniidae
Laniidae (a lanio[1]) sunt familia avium carnivorarum ordinis Passeriformium, cui sunt triginta tres species in quattuor genera digestae.
Psittacopasserae
Ordo : Passeriformes
Superfamilia : Corvoidea
Familia : Laniidae
Rafinesque, 1815
Distributio geographica, migratio, habitatio recensere
Plurimae laniidarum species in Eurasia et Africa distribuuntur, solum duabus (Lanio ludoviciano, Lanio excubitore) in America Septentrionali ova parientibus. Species huius familiae neque in America Australi neque in Australia fiunt, sed una species Novam Guineam attingit. Geographica laniidarum spatia magnopere variant, certis speciebus (sicut Lanio excubitore) per omne hemisphaerium septentrionale inventis, cum una, Lanius newtoni, solum in insula Sancti Thomae in Insulis Sancti Thomae et Principis ante litus Africanum endemica esset.[2]
Habitationes apertas petunt, praecipue steppas et savannas. Aliquot autem species sunt silvicolae, quae raro in agris apertis videntur; aliquot quoque ova in latitudinibus septentrionalibus aestate pariunt, tum ad climata calidiora migrant, ubi hiemant.
Descriptio recensere
Laniidae sunt aves magnitudinis mediae, pinnis canis, fuscis, nigris, albis coloratis. Multae species inter 16 et 25 centimetra longae sunt; genus autem Corvinella, cui sunt pinnae caudales multo praelongae, usque ad 50 centimetra longa crescere potest. Rostra hamata sunt, sicut rostra avium praedatoriarum, earum ingenii praedatorii causa, atque earum vocationes sunt acres.
Mores recensere
Laniidae corpora insectorum parvorumque vertebratorum in spinis naturalibus, ferreis saepium filis, vel ulla re acutissima insigniter transfigere solent. Quod eas adiuvat ut carnem in fragmenta minora et commodiora scindant, et ad cache prodest, ut avis ad partes non consumptas postea redire possit.[3] Idem mores etiam sunt adaptatio ad Romaleam guttatam, caeliferum venenosam, comedendam: avis ab uno ad duo dies exspectat, donec toxina intra caeliferum evanescant.[4]
Species ordine taxinomico digestae recensere
Familia Laniidarum nomine Lanidia a Constantino Samuele Rafinesque, polymathe Francico, anno 1815 proposita est.[5][6]
Familia LANIIDAE[7]
- Genus: Lanius
- Lanius tigrinus
- Lanius souzae
- Lanius bucephalus
- Lanius cristatus
- Lanius collurio
- Lanius isabellinus
- Lanius phoenicuroides
- Lanius collurioides
- Lanius gubernator
- Lanius vittatus
- Lanius schach
- Lanius tephronotus
- Lanius validirostris
- Lanius mackinnoni
- Lanius minor
- Lanius ludovicianus
- Lanius borealis
- ''Lanius excubitor
- Lanius meridionalis
- Lanius sphenocercus
- Lanius excubitoroides
- Lanius cabanisi
- Lanius dorsalis
- Lanius somalicus
- Lanius humeralis
- Lanius collaris
- Lanius newtoni
- Lanius senator
- Lanius nubicus
- Genus Corvinella
- Genus: Urolestes
- Genus: Eurocephalus
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Notae recensere
- ↑ Jobling 2010: 219.
- ↑ Yosef 2008.
- ↑ Clancey, P. A. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph. ed. Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds. Londinii: Merehurst Press. p. 180. ISBN 1-85391-186-0.
- ↑ Yosef, Reuven; Whitman, Douglas W. (1992). "Predator exaptations and defensive adaptations in evolutionary balance: No defence is perfect". Evolutionary Ecology 6 (6): 527–536.
- ↑ Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel (1815). Analyse de la nature ou, Tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés. Palermo: Self-published. p. 67.
- ↑ Bock, Walter J. (1994). History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Number 222. New York: American Museum of Natural History. pp. 150, 252.
- ↑ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Shrikes, vireos & shrike-babblers". World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union.
Bibliographia recensere
- Fuchs, J., P. Alström, Reuven Yosef, et U. Olsson. 2019. "Miocene diversification of an open‐habitat predatorial passerine radiation, the shrikes (Aves: Passeriformes: Laniidae)." Zoologica Scripta 1–18. doi:10.1111/zsc.12363.
- Harris, Tony. 2000. Shrikes and Bush-Shrikes: including wood-shrikes, helmet-shrikes, flycatcher-shrikes, philentomas, batises, and wattle-eyes. Illust. Kim Fraaklin. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-07036-9.
- Jobling, James A. 2010. The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. Londinii: Christopher Helm. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4. Praeconium interretiale.
- Lefranc, Norbert. 1997. Shrikes: A Guide to the Shrikes of the World. Portu Novo: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-07336-4.
- Yosef, Reuven. 2008. "Family Laniidae (Shrikes)." Handbook of the Birds of the World, volume 13: Penduline-tits to Shrikes, ed. Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott, et David Christie, 732–73. Barcinonae: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-84-96553-45-3.
Nexus externi recensere
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Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Laniidas spectant. |
- Pelliculae. Internet Bird Collection.
- Thurber, James. "The Shrike and the Chipmunks." Fabula brevis.