Vicipaedia

Index generum operarum

Opera est vocabulum principio Italianum, contractio locutionis opera in musica. Vocabulum merum in litteris criticis quotidianoque sermone est commune, quamquam raro in Italia (et quidem in aliis civitatibus) olim adhibitum est ad designanda separata operarum genera. Plurimi compositores nomina subtilioria adhibuerunt ad palam monstranda eorum artificia. Peculiaria operarum genera a theatris patronisve saepe mandata sunt, dum forma artificii aliquantum a generis normis discreparet. Genera operarum non sunt "exclusiva." Aliquae operae habentur ad nonnulla genera simul pertinere. In casibus dubiis, sola auctoritas ad extremum est compositor ipse.[1]

Foire St Germain Lutetiae circa 1763, post conflagrationem anni 1762.
Theatrum Nicolet in Foire St Laurent Lutetiae circa 1786. Saeculo duodevicensimo ineunte, Théâtre de la foire Lutetiae—commune theatrorum nomen apud ferias annuas in vicis St Germain, St Laurent, et deinde St Ovide—exsecutiones productum est, musicam et dialogum dictum habens. Hae exsecutiones, primum appellatae comédie en vaudeville, se in opéra comique evolvebant. Théâtre de la foire Londini annis 1720 apparuit, mox ut ballad opera Anglica expressa, quae excogitationem Singspiel Germanicum vicissim excitavit.
Hoc est glossarium inclusivum, varia nomina alterna praebens.

Definitiones

recensere

Genera operarum variis modis definita sunt, non semper secundum regulas "stylisticas." Aliae, sicut opera seria, ad memorias ab historicis posterioribus agnotas attinent[2]; aliae, sicut Zeitoper, solum a suis inventoribus agniti sunt. Aliae conformationes cum separato theatro consociatae sunt; exempli gratia, opéra comique apud theatrum eiusdem nominis Lutetiae, et opéra bouffe apud Théâtre des Bouffes Parisiens. Excludit hic index vocabula quae non sunt historica, vel sunt incerta aut mere descriptiva, sicut rescue opera,[3] comic opera,[4] sacred opera, tragic opera, one-act opera, etc.

Index

recensere
Genus Lingua Descriptio Primum exemplum notum Exempla maiora Ultimum exemplum notum Compositores insignes Notae
Acte de ballet Francica Opéra ballet quae consistit in uno exemplo; saec. 18. Les fêtes de Ramire (1745), Anacréon (1754) Rameau [5]
Afterpiece Anglica Brevis opera vel pantomima post ludum scaenicum adhibita; saec. 18 & 19 ineunte The Padlock (1768) Dibdin [5]
Azione sacra Italiana Ad verbum, 'actio sacra': opera de re religiosa, in curia Vindobonae producta; saec. 17 & 18 ineunte L'humanità redenta (Draghi, 1669) Draghi, Bertali, Ziani, Pederzuoli, Cesti [5]
Azione sepolcrale Italiana Nomen alternum: azione sacra [5]
Azione scenica Italiana Nomen alternum: azione teatrale Al gran sole carico d'amore (1975) [5]
Azione teatrale Italiana Opera parva vel ludus musicus uno in actu; prima operae cameratae forma; saec. 17 exeunte & 18. (Vide etiam festa teatrale, genus simile sed maius.) Le cinesi (1754), Il sogno di Scipione (1772), L'isola disabitata (1779) Gluck, Mozart, Haydn [5]
Ballad opera Anglica Oblectamentum Londini saec. 18 ortum contra operam Italicam. Etiam in Dublin et America Septentrionali popularis, a singspiel et opera saec. 20 mota. The Beggar's Opera (1728) Love in a Village (1762), Hugh the Drover (1924), The Threepenny Opera (1928) Pepusch, Coffey, Arne, Weill [5]
Ballet héroïque Francica Ad verbum, 'saltatio heroica': genus opéra ballet quae vehementius dicit res heroicas & exotica, saec. 18 ineunte vel medii. 1723 Les festes grecques et romaines (Colin de Blamont, 1723) Zaïde, reine de Grenade (1739), Les fêtes de Paphos (1758) Royer, Mondonville, Mion [5]
Bühnenfestspiel Theodisca Ad verbum, 'ludus scaenicus ferialis': descriptio Wagner quattour operarum quae in Der Ring des Nibelungen consistunt Wagner [5]
Bühnenweihfestspiel Theodisca Ad verbum, 'consecratus ludus scaenicus ferialis': descriptio Wagner operae Parsifal Wagner [5]
Burla Italiana Nomen altternum: burletta [5]
Burletta Italiana Ad verbum, 'ioculus'. The Recruiting Serjeant (1770) Dibdin [5]
Burletta per musica Italiana Nomen alternum: burletta Il vero originale (Mayr 1808)
Burlettina Italiana Nomen alternum: burletta [5]
Characterposse Theodisca Forma specialis Posse mit Gesang, dramatis personas vehementius dicens [5]
Comédie en vaudeville Francica Oblectamentum in Théâtre de la foire saec. 17 exeunte
Comédie lyrique Francica Ad verbum, 'comoedia melica': descriptio saec. 18 adhibitum a Rameau; saec. 19, nomen alternum opéra lyrique Platée (1745), Les Paladins (1760) Rameau [6]
Comédie mêlée d'ariettes Francica Ad verbum, 'comoedia ariis brevibus commixta'. La rencontre imprévue (1764), Tom Jones (1765), Le déserteur (1769), Zémire et Azor (1771) Gluck, Grétry
Commedia Italiana Compendium locutionis 'comoedia in musica' Il barbiere di Siviglia (1816)
Commedia in musica Italiana Nomen alternum: opera buffa [7]
Commedia per musica Italiana Nomen alternum: opera buffa La pastorella nobile (1788) [7]
Componimento da camera Italiana Nomen alternum: azione teatrale [5]
Componimento dramatico Italiana Nomen alternum: azione teatrale [5]
Componimento pastorale Italiana Nomen alternum: azione teatrale La danza (Gluck, 1755) Gluck [5]
Conte lyrique Francica Nomen alternum: opéra lyrique Grisélidis (Massenet, 1901) [5]
Divertimento giocoso Italian Nomen alternum: opera buffa [7]
Dramatic (vel dramatick) opera Anglica Nomen alternum pro semi-opera
Drame forain Francica Nomen alternum: Comédie en vaudeville [5]
Drame lyrique Francica Ad verbum, 'drama melicum'. (1) Nomen saec. 18 adhibitum. (2) Saec. 19 exeunte iterum inventum ad describendam operam quae se ex opéra comique evolvit, a Massenet mota. Echo et Narcisse (1779), La marquise de Brinvilliers (1831), Werther (1892), Briséïs (1897), Messidor (1897) Gluck, Chabrier, Bruneau, Erlanger [5]
Dramma bernesco Italiana Nomen alternum: opera buffa [7]
Dramma comico Italiana Nomen alternum: opera buffa saeculorum 18 et 19 ineuntis. [7]
Dramma comico per musica Italiana Nomen alternum: dramma comico
Dramma di sentimento Italiana Nomen alternum: opera semiseria [5]
Dramma eroicomico Italiana Ad verbum, 'drama heroico-comicum', genus operae buffae sawc. 18 exeunte cum nonnullis rebus heroicis. Orlando paladino (1782), Palmira, regina di Persia (1795) Haydn, Salieri [5]
Dramma giocoso Italiana Ad verbum, 'drama ioculare' La scuola de' gelosi (1778), La vera costanza (1779), Il viaggio a Reims (1825), Haydn, Mozart, Salieri, Sarti, Rossini, Donizetti [5]
Dramma giocoso per musica Italiana Nomen plenum dramma giocoso
Dramma pastorale Italiana Ad verbum, 'drama pastorale', nomen pro nonnullis operis primis ad saec. 18 adhibitum Eumelio (Agazzari, 1606), La fede riconosciuta (A Scarlatti, 1710) A Scarlatti, Sarti [5]
Dramma per musica Italiana Ad verbum, 'drama pro musica', vel 'ludus ut in musica poni intentus' (i.e., libellus). Deinde idem declarans ut opera seria; saec. 19, aliquando pro opera seria adhibitum. Erismena (1656), Tito Manlio (1719), Paride ed Elena (1770), Idomeneo (1781), Rossini's Otello (1816) A Scarlatti, Cavalli, Vivaldi, Sarti, Gluck, Mozart [5]
Dramma semiserio Italiana Nomen alternum: opera semiseria Torvaldo e Dorliska (1815)
Dramma tragicomico Italiana Nomen alternum: opera semiseria Axur, re d'Ormus (1787) [5]
Entr'acte Francica Nomen alternum: intermezzo [5]
Episode lyrique Francica Nomen alternum:: opéra lyrique [5]
Fait historique Francica Saec. 18 exeunte et saec. 19 ineunte; opéra vel opéra comique in historia Francica condita, aetate Rerum Novarum Francicarum popularissima. L'incendie du Havre (1786) Joseph Barra (Grétry 1794), Le pont de Lody (Méhul 1797), Miltonius (1804) Grétry, Méhul, Spontini [5] [8]
Farsa Italiana Ad verbum, 'mimus'. La cambiale di matrimonio (1810), L'inganno felice (1812), La scala di seta (1812), Il signor Bruschino (1813), Adina (1818) Rossini [9]
Farsetta Italiana Nomen alternum: farsa [9]
Feenmärchen Theodisca Nomen alternum: Märchenoper [10]
Festa teatrale Italiana A grander version of the azione teatrale. An opera given as part of a court celebration (of a marriage etc.) Typically associated with Vienna. Il pomo d'oro (Cesti, 1668) Draghi, Fux, Caldara [5]
Geistliche Oper Theodisca Ad verbum 'opera sacra'. Das verlorene Paradies (Rubinstein, 1856) Der Thurm zu Babel (1870), Sulamith (1883), Moses (1894) Christus (Rubinstein, 1895) Rubinstein [11]
Género chico Hispanica Ad verbum 'parvum genus'. Genus zarzuelae, zarzuelae grandi brevius et popularius Ruperto Chapí
Género grande Hispanica Nomen alternum pro zarzuela grande
Grand opéra Francica 19th-century genre, usually with 4 or 5 acts, large-scale casts and orchestras, and spectacular staging, often based on historical themes. Particularly associated with the Paris Opéra (1820s to c. 1850), but similar works were created in other countries. 1828 La muette de Portici (1828) Robert le diable (1831), La Juive (1835), Les Huguenots (1836) 1886 Patrie! (Paladilhe, 1886) Meyerbeer, Halévy, Verdi
Handlung German Ad verbum, 'actio' vel 'drama'; descriptio Wagner Tristan und Isolde. Wagner
Intermezzo Italiana Comic relief inserted between acts of opere serie in the early 18th century, typically involving slapstick, disguises etc. Spread throughout Europe In the 1730s. Predated Opera buffa. 1706 Frappolone e Florinetta (Gasparini?, 1706) La serva padrona (1733) Pergolesi, Hasse [12]
Liederspiel Theodisca Literally 'song-play'. Early 19th century genre in which existing lyrics, often well-known, were set to new music and inserted into a spoken play. Lieb' und Treue (Reichardt, 1800) Kunst und Liebe (Reichardt, 1807) Reichardt Lindpaintner [13]
Lokalposse Theodisca Specialized form of Posse mit Gesang concentrating on daily life themes, associated with the playwright Karl von Marinelli. [5]
Märchenoper Theodisca 'Fairy-tale opera', a genre of 19th century opera usually with a supernatural theme. Similar to Zauberoper. Hänsel und Gretel (1893) Humperdinck, Siegfried Wagner [10]
Märchenspiel Theodisca Nomen alternum: Märchenoper [10]
Melodramma Italiana Saec. 19. [14]
Melodramma serio Italiana Nomen alternum: opera seria
Musikdrama Theodisca Term associated with the later operas of Wagner but repudiated by him. [15] Nevertheless widely used by post-Wagnerian composers. Tiefland (1903), Salome (1905), Der Golem (d'Albert 1926) d'Albert, Richard Strauss [5] [15]
Opéra Francica Referring to individual works: 1. 18th century. Occasionally used for operas outside specific, standard genres. 2. 19th/20th century: an opéra is a "French lyric stage work sung throughout" [16] in contrast to an opéra comique that mixed singing with spoken dialogue. Opéra (which included grand opéra), was associated with the Paris Opéra (the Opéra). Also used for some works with a serious tone at the Opéra-Comique. Naïs (1749), Fernand Cortez (1809), Moïse et Pharaon (1827), Les vêpres siciliennes (1855), Roméo et Juliette (1867) Grétry, Spontini, Rossini, Verdi, Gounod [16]
Opéra-ballet Francica Genre with more dancing than tragédie en musique. Usually with a prologue and a number of self-contained acts (called entrées), following a theme. 1697 L'Europe galante (1697) Les élémens (1721), Les Indes galantes (1735), Les fêtes d'Hébé (1739) Destouches, Rameau [5]
Opera ballo Italiana 19th-century Italian grand opéra. Il Guarany (1870), Aida (1871), La Gioconda (opera) (1876) Gomes, Verdi, Ponchielli [17]
Opera buffa Italiana Major genre of comic opera in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Originating in Naples (especially the Teatro dei Fiorentini), its popularity spread during the 1730s, notably to Venice where development was influenced by the playwright/librettist Goldoni. Typically in three acts, unlike the intermezzo. Contrasting in style, subject matter, and the use of dialect with the formal, aristocratic opera seria. 1706 La Cilla (Michelangelo Faggioli, 1706) Li zite 'ngalera (1722), Il filosofo di campagna (Galuppi, 1754), La buona figliuola (1760), Le nozze di Figaro (1786), Il barbiere di Siviglia (1816), Don Pasquale (1843) 1850 Crispino e la comare (1850) Vinci, Galuppi, Duni, Piccinni, Sacchini, Salieri, Mozart, Rossini [7]
Opéra bouffe Francica Comicum operettae genus La belle Hélène (1864), La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein (1867), La Périchole (1868) 1947 Les mamelles de Tirésias (1947) Offenbach, Hervé, Lecocq [18]
Opéra bouffon Francica Opera buffa in Francia saeculi duodevicensimi monstrata Le roi Théodore à Venise (Paisiello, 1786) [19]
Opéra comique Francica Ad verbum, 'opera comica'. Genre including arias, a certain amount of spoken dialogue (et aliquando cantus recitatorii). Arte conuncta cum operibus pro Lutetiae Opéra-Comique compositis. Themata fuerunt seria et tragica, as well as light. Tradition developed from popular early 18th century comédies en vaudevilles and lasted into 20th century with many changes in style. 1715 Télémaque (Jean-Claude Gillier, 1715) La dame blanche (1825), Carmen (1875), Lakmé (1883) Grétry, Boieldieu, Auber, [5]
Opéra comique en vaudeville Francica Nomen alternum: comédie en vaudeville
Opéra féerie French 18th/19th century genre of works based on fairy tales, often involving magic. Zémire et Azor (1771), Cendrillon (1810), La belle au bois dormant (1825) Carafa, Isouard [20]
Opéra lyrique Francica Ad verbum, 'opera melica'; saeculis XVIII exeunte et XIX. Gounod, Ambrosius Thomas, Massenet [5]
Opera semiseria Italiana Saec. 19 ineunte et medio 1799 Camilla (Paer, 1799) La gazza ladra (1817), Linda di Chamounix (1842) 1853 Violetta (Mercadante, 1853) Paer, Rossini, Donizetti [21]
Opera seria Italiana Dominans operae modus saeculo duodevicensimo, non solum in Italia, sed pper Europam praeter Franciam. Griselda (1721), Cleofide (Hasse, 1731), Ariodante (1735), Alceste (1767), La clemenza di Tito (1791) Alessandro Scarlatti, Vivaldi, Hasse, Handel, Gluck, Mozart [5] [22]
Opéra-tragédie Francica Nomen alternum: tragédie en musique [23]
Operetta Anglica (ex Italiana) Ad verbum 'parva opera'. Princess Toto (1876), Rip Van Winkle (1882), Naughty Marietta (1910), Monsieur Beaucaire (1919), The Student Prince (1924), The Vagabond King (1925) Candide (1956) Sullivan, Herbert, Romberg, Friml, Leonard Bernstein [24]
Opérette Francica French operetta. Original genre of light (both of music and subject matter) opera that grew out of the French opéra comique in the mid 19th century. Associated with the style of the Second Empire by the works of Offenbach, though his best known examples are designated subgenerically as opéras bouffes. 1842 L'ours et le pacha (Hervé, 1842) Madame Papillon (Offenbach, 1855), Les mousquetaires au couvent (1880), Les p'tites Michu (1897), Ciboulette (1923) Hervé, Offenbach, Varney, Messager, Hahn [24]
Opérette bouffe Francica Subgenus generis opérette La bonne d'enfant (1856), M. Choufleuri restera chez lui le . . . (1861) Offenbach [24]
Opérette vaudeville (or vaudeville opérette) Francica Subgenre of French opérette. 1842 L'ours et le pacha (Hervé, 1842) Mam'zelle Nitouche (1883) Hervé, Victor Roger [24]
Operette Theodisca German operetta. Popular Viennese genre during the 19th and 20th centuries, created under the influence of Offenbach and spread to Berlin, Budapest, and other German and east European cities. 1860 Das Pensionat (Suppé, 1860) Die Fledermaus (1874), The Merry Widow (1905), Das Land des Lächelns (1929) Frühjahrsparade (Robert Stolz, 1964) Johann Strauss II, Lehár, Oscar Straus [24]
Pasticcio Italiana Ad verbum 'a pie' or a hotchpotch. An adaptation or localization of an existing work that is loose, unauthorized, or inauthentic. Also used for a single work by a number of different composers, particularly in early 18th-century London. Thomyris (Pepusch, Bononcini, Scarlatti, Gasparini, Albinoni, 1707) Muzio Scevola (1721), Ivanhoé (1826) Handel, Vivaldi [5]
Pièce lyrique Francica Nomen alternum: opéra lyrique [5]
Pastorale héroïque Francica Type of ballet héroïque (opéra-ballet). Usually in three acts with an allegorical prologue, that typically drew on classical themes associated with pastoral poetry. 1686 Acis et Galatée (1686) Issé (1697), Zaïs (1748), Naïs (1749) Lully, Rameau [25]
Posse German Nomen alternum: Posse mit Gesang [5]
Posse mit Gesang Theodisca Literally, 'farce with singing'. Popular entertainment of late 18th/early 19th centuries, associated with Vienna, Berlin and Hamburg. Similar to the Singspiel, but with more action and less music. Der Alpenkönig und der Menschenfeind (Raimund, 1828) Kreutzer, Müller, Schubert [5]
Possenspiel Theodisca early name for Posse mit Gesang [5]
Possenspil Theodisca early name for Posse mit Gesang [5]
Rappresentazione sacra Italiana alternative name for azione sacra [26]
Romantische Oper Theodisca Early 19th-century German genre derived from earlier French opéras comiques, dealing with 'German' themes of nature, the supernatural, folklore etc. Spoken dialogue, originally included with musical numbers, was eventually eliminated in works by Richard Wagner. 1821 Der Freischütz (1821) Hans Heiling (1833), Undine (1845), Tannhäuser (1845) 1850 Lohengrin (1850) Weber, Marschner, Lortzing, Wagner [5]
Sainete Hispanica Literally, 'farce' or 'titbit'. 17th/18th century genre of comic opera similar to the Italian intermezzo, performed together with larger works. Popular in Madrid in the latter 18th century. During 19th century, the Sainete was synonymous with género chico. 1632 Il mago (1632) Pablo Esteve, Soler, Antonio Rosales [5] [27]
Sainetillo Hispanica Diminutive of sainete [27]
Savoy opera Anglica 19th-century form of comic opera comprising the works of Gilbert and Sullivan and other works from 1881 to 1903 that played at the Savoy Theatre in London. These influenced the rise of musical theatre. 1875 Trial by Jury (1875) H.M.S. Pinafore (1878), The Pirates of Penzance (1880), The Mikado (1885), The Gondoliers (1889), Merrie England (1902) 1903 A Princess of Kensington (1903) Sullivan, Solomon German
Saynète Francica French for sainete. Description used for a particular style of opérette in the 19th century. La caravane de l'amour (Hervé, 1854), Le rêve d'une nuit d'été (Offenbach, 1855), Le valet de coeur (Planquette, 1875) Hervé, Offenbach, Planquette [27]
Schauspiel mit Gesang Theodisca Literally, 'play with singing'. Term used by Goethe for his early libretti, though he called them Singspiele when revising them. 1775 Erwin und Elmire (Goethe 1775) Liebe nur beglückt (Reichardt, 1781), Die Teufels Mühle am Wienerberg (Müller 1799) [28]
Schuloper Theodisca Literally, 'school opera'. Early 20th century, opera created for performance by school children. Der Jasager (1930), Wir bauen eine Stadt (Hindemith, 1930) Weill, Hindemith [29]
Semi-opera Anglica Early form of opera with singing, speaking and dancing roles. Popular between 1673 and 1710. 1674 The Tempest (Betterton, 1674) Psyche (1675), King Arthur (1691), The Fairy-Queen (1692) Purcell [5]
Sepolcro Italiana Azione sacra on the subject of the passion and crucifixion of Christ. Draghi [26]
Serenata Italiana Ad verbum, 'cantus vespertinus'. Opera brevis in aulis regiis adhibita pro celebrationibus, azione teatrale similis. Acis and Galatea (1720), Il Parnaso confuso (Gluck 1765) Handel, Gluck [5]
Singspiel Theodisca Ad verbum, 'cantus ludus'. 1752 Der Teufel ist los (Johann Georg Standfuss, 1752) Die verwandelten Weiber (1766), Die Jagd (1770), Die Entführung aus dem Serail (1782), Abu Hassan (1811) Hiller, Mozart, Weber [5] [28]
Situationsposse Theodisca Forma propria Posse mit Gesang [5]
Songspiel Theodisca Ad verbum, 'cantus ludus'. Nomen a Curtio Weill excogitatum ad renovandam significationem nominis Singspiel Mahagonny-Songspiel (1927) Curtius Weill [5]
Spieloper Theodisca Ad verbum, 'ludus opera'. Zar und Zimmermann (1837), The Merry Wives of Windsor (1849) Lortzing, Nicolai [5]
Syngespil Danica Local form of Singspiel. Late 18th/19th century. Soliman den Anden (Sarti, 1770), Holger Danske (1787), Høstgildet (Schulz, 1790) Sarti, Schulz, Kunzen [5]
Tonadilla Hispanica Ad verbum, 'parvus tonus. 18th century miniature satirical genre, for one or more singer, that developed out of the sainete. Exsecutua inter longiora artificia. La mesonera y el arriero (Luis Misón, 1757) Antonio Guerrero, Misón, José Palomino [5]
Tragédie Francica Nomen alternum: tragédie en musique [23]
Tragédie en musique Francica Genus lyricum saeculorum 17 et 18, cum rebus ex mythologica classica et Italicis Tassi et Ariosti epicis, non omnino tragicum. Usitate 5 actus, aliquando cum prologus. Ariae breves (petits airs) a diverbio in cantu recitatorio differunt, cum sectionibus choralibus et saltatione. 1673 Cadmus et Hermione (1673) Médée (1693), Scylla et Glaucus (1746) Lully, Marais, Montéclair, Campra, Rameau [5][23]
Tragédie lyrique Francica Nomen alternum: tragédie en musique [23]
Tragédie mise en musique Francica Nomen alternum: tragédie en musique [23]
Tragédie-opéra Francica Nomen alternum: tragédie en musique [23]
Verismo Italiana Late 19th/early 20th century opera movement inspired by literary naturalism and realism, and associated with Italian post-romanticism. 1890 Cavalleria rusticana (1890) Pagliacci (1892), Tosca (1900) Mascagni, Leoncavallo, Puccini, Giordano [5]
Volksmärchen Theodisca Nomen alternum: Märchenoper Das Donauweibchen (Kauer 1798) [10]
Zarzuela Hispanica Ex saeculo 17 et iam exstans; cantum, diverbium, saltationem comprehendit. Memoriae propriae in Cuba et Philippinis inveniuntur. 1629 La selva sin amor (Lope de Vega, 1627) Doña Francisquita (1923), La dolorosa (1930), Luisa Fernanda (1932) Hidalgo, Barbieri [5]
Zauberoper Theodisca Ad verbum, 'opera magica'. 1789 Oberon, König der Elfen (Wranitzky, 1789) Die Zauberflöte (1791), Das Donauweibchen, (Kauer, 1798) Kauer, Müller, Schubert [5]
Zauberposse German Specialized form of Posse mit Gesang concentrating on magic. Der Barometermacher auf der Zauberinsel (Müller 1823) Müller [5]
Zeitoper Theodisca Ad verbum opera temporis'. Decenniis 192 & 193 ineunte, using contemporary settings and characters, including references to modern technology and popular music. Jonny spielt auf (1927) Krenek, Weill, Hindemith [30]
Zwischenspiel Theodisca Nomen Theodiscum pro intermezzo Pimpinone (1725) [5]

Nexus interni

Notae

recensere
  1. ↑ Exempli gratia, Don Giovanni usitate appellatur dramma giocoso et opera buffa (Italiane); Mozart autem hanc operam opera buffa appellabat.
  2. ↑ Marita P. McClymonds, et Daniel Heartz, "Opera seria" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (Londini, 1992), ISBN 0-333-73432-7.
  3. ↑ "'Rescue opera' is an unhistorical term of limited usefulness. It is not an authentic genre like 'opera buffa', and was coined only in the later 19th or early 20th century" (David Charleton, 'Rescue opera' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie, Londini, 1992).
  4. ↑ "A general name for an operatic work in which the prevailing mood is one of comedy" (The Oxford Dictionary of Opera, ed. John Warrack et Ewan West (1992), ISBN 0-19-869164-5).
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 5.27 5.28 5.29 5.30 5.31 5.32 5.33 5.34 5.35 5.36 5.37 5.38 5.39 5.40 5.41 5.42 5.43 5.44 5.45 5.46 5.47 5.48 5.49 5.50 5.51 5.52 5.53 5.54 5.55 5.56 5.57 John Warrack et Ewan West The Oxford Dictionary of Opera (1992), 782 pp., ISBN 0-19-869164-5.
  6. ↑ Graham Sadler, "Rameau, Jean-Philippe," in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992), ISBN 0-333-73432-7.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Piero Weiss, et Julian Budden, "Opera buffa" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (Londini 1992), ISBN 0-333-73432-7.
  8. ↑ M. Elizabeth C. Bartlet, "Fait historique" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (Londini, 1992, ISBN 0-333-73432-7).
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Bryant, David (1992): Farsa in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Millington, Barry: Märchenoper in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  11. ↑ Richard Taruskin, "Sacred opera" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (Londini, 1992), ISBN 0-333-73432-7.
  12. ↑ Charles E. Troy et Piero Weiss, "Intermezzo" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (Londini, 1992), ISBN 0-333-73432-7.
  13. ↑ Branscombe, Peter (1992), 'Liederspiel' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  14. ↑ Budden, Julian: Melodramma in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Millington, Barry: Music drama in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Bartlet, M Elizabeth C: Opéra in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  17. ↑ Sadie, Stanley (ed) (1992), 'Opera ballo' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  18. ↑ Bartlet, M Elizabeth C: Opéra bouffe in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7.
  19. ↑ M. Elizabeth C. Bartlet, Opéra bouffon in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (Londinii, 1992), ISBN 0-333-73432-7.
  20. ↑ Bartlet, M Elizabeth C: Opéra féerie in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  21. ↑ Budden, Julian: Opera semiseria in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  22. ↑ McClymonds, Marita P and Heartz, Daniel: Opera seria in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5 Sadler, Graham (1992), 'Tragédie en musique' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 Lamb, Andrew (1992), 'Operetta' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  25. ↑ Sadie, Stanley ed. (1992), 'Pastorale-héroïque' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Smither, Howard E (1992), 'Sepolcro' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Alier, Roger (1992), 'Sainete' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Bauman, Thomas (1992), 'Singspiel' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  29. ↑ Kemp, Ian (1992), 'Schuloper' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  30. ↑ Sadie, Stanley (ed) (1992), 'Zeitoper' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7.
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