Immanuel Kantius

Immanuel Kantius^[1] (Theodisce Immanuel Kant) fuit philosophus Germanicus, Regiomontii in Borussia natus die 22 Aprilis 1724 et ibidem mortuus 12 Februarii 1804. Kantius ut vulgo fertur numquam Regiomontio ex urbe natali exivit. Hodie Regiomontium est Russiae pars, praesenti nomine Calininopolis; Kantii vero temporibus magnitudine fuit secunda Borussiae urbs.

Kantius fuit ultimus hodiernae Europae philosophus potens in sequentia classica epistemologiae per Aevum Illuminationis, quod initium in operibus philosophorum Ioannis Lockius, Georgii Berkeley, et David Humius habuit.^[2]

Kantius in libro qui inscribitur Kritik der reinen Vernunft (Critica rationis purae^[3]) nostram cognitionem finitam esse asseveravit. Sunt logica iudicia quae "analytica iudicia a priori" vel "dialectica transcendentalis" ac vel "antinomia" appellantur. Sunt etiam "synthetica iudicia a posteriori," id est iudicia de experimentis; sunt autem alia iudicia, quae "synthetica iudicia a priori" appellantur: iudicia arithmeticae, astronomiae Copernicus, geometriae, physicae apud leges motus Newtoni, denique metaphysicae ac dignitatis personalitatis. Quomodo potest homo synthetica iudicia a priori dicare?

Sententiae celeberrimae

"Illuminatio est via, qua homines exeunt e procuratura, quam ipsi sibi imposuerunt. Procuratura est ratione sua uti non posse nisi praeceptore quodam gubernante."
Imperativus ille categoricus sive fundamentum ethicae Kantianae: "Age ita, ut maxima voluntatis tuae propositio esse possit principium legislaturae generali." (Critica rationis practicae)
"Pax perpetua" est pax mundi, idea sublima per abrogationem militis perpetui ab iure naturali et iure gentium in suo scripto (Ad pacem perpetuam)

Opera principalia

1770 : De mundi sensibilis atque intelligibilis forma et principiis
1781 : Critica rationis purae
1785 : Fundamentum metaphysicae moralitatis
1788 : Critica rationis practicae
1790 : Critica facultatis iudicandi
1795 : Ad pacem perpetuam

Opus

Immanuelis Kantii Opera ad philosophiam criticam Latine vertit Fredericus Gottlob Born (Lipsiae: E. B. Schwickert, 1796–1798).^[4]^[3]^[5]

Nexus interni

Bibliographia

Introductiones generales ad eius cogitata

Broad C. D. 1978. Kant: An Introduction. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-21755-5, ISBN 0-521-29265-4.
Gardner, Sebastian. 1999. Kant and the Critique of Pure Reason. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-11909-X.
Martin, Gottfried. 1955. Kant's Metaphysics and Theory of Science. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-8371-7154-8.
Perez, D. O. 2008. Kant e o problema da significação. Curitiba: Editora Champagnat.
Palmquist, Stephen. 1993. Kant's System of Perspectives: An architectonic interpretation of the Critical philosophy. University Press of America. ISBN 0-8191-8927-8.
Seung, T. K. 2007. Kant: Guide for the Perplexed. Londinii: Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-8580-4.
Uleman, Jennifer. 2010. An Introduction to Kant's Moral Philosophy. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-13644-0.

Opera de vita contextuque historico

Beck, Lewis White. 1969. Early German Philosophy: Kant and his Predecessors. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press. Survey of Kant's intellectual background
Beiser, Frederick C. 1987. The Fate of Reason: German Philosophy from Kant to Fichte. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press.
Beiser, Frederick C. 2002. German Idealism: The Struggle against Subjectivism, 1781–1801. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press.
Cassirer, Ernst. 1981. Kant's Life and Thought. Translation of Kants Leben und Lehre. Conv. Jame S. Haden, intr. Stephan Körner. Portu Novo, Connecticutae: Yale University Press.
Chamberlain, Houston Stewart. 1914. Immanuel Kant: a study and a comparison with Goethe, Leonardo da Vinci, Bruno, Plato and Descartes. Londinii: The Bodley Head.
Gulyga, Arsenij. 1987. Immanuel Kant: His Life and Thought. Conv. Marijan Despaltović. Bostoniae: Birkhäuser.
Kuehn, Manfred. 2001. Kant: A Biography. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-49704-3.
Lehner, Ulrich L. 2007. Kants Vorsehungskonzept auf dem Hintergrund der deutschen Schulphilosophie und -theologie. Leiden.
Pinkard, Terry. 2002. German philosophy, 1760-1860: The Legacy of Idealism. Cantabrigiae.
Sassen, Brigitte, ed. 2000. Kant's Early Critics: The Empiricist Critique of the Theoretical Philosophy.
Vorländer, Karl. 1992. Immanuel Kant: Der Mann und das Werk. Ed. tertia, aucta. Lipsiae: Meiner. Liber iterum pressus. Wiesbaden: Fourier.

Conlectiones commentarium

Guyer, Paul, ed. 1992. The Cambridge Companion to Kant. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press ISBN 0-521-36587-2, ISBN 0-521-36768-9.
Förster, Eckart, ed. 1989. "Kant's Transcendental Deductions: The Three 'Critiques' and the 'Opus Postumum.'" Stanfordiae: Stanford University Press.
Cohen, Ted, et Paul Guyer eds. 1982. Essays in Kant's Aesthetics. Sicagi: University of Chicago Press.
Firestone, Chris L., et Stephen Palmquist, eds. 2006. Kant and the New Philosophy of Religion. Bloomingtoniae: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-21800-4.
Mohanty, J. N., et Robert W. Shahan, eds. 1982. Essays on Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. Normanniae: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-1782-6.
Phillips, Dewi et al. 2000. Kant and Kierkegaard on Religion. Londinii et Novi Eboraci: Palgrave Macmillian. ISBN 0-312-23234-9.
Proceedings of the International Kant Congresses. Nonnulli Congressus.
Ioannes Rawls. 1980. Kantian Constructivism in Moral Theory.
Sala, Giovanni B. 2004. La Cristologia nella "Religione nei limiti della semplice ragione" di Kant. Rivista di Filosofia Neo-Scolastica 96 (2-3): 235-305.

Philosophia theoretica

Allison, Henry. 1983, 2004. Kant’s Transcendental Idealism. Portu Novo: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-03629-9, ISBN 0-300-03002-9.
Ameriks, Karl. 1992. Kant's Theory of Mind: An Analysis of the Paralogisms of Pure Reason. Oxoniae: Clarendon Press.
Banham, Gary. 2006. Kant's Transcendental Imagination. Londinii et Novi Eboraci: Palgrave Macmillan.
Farias, Vanderlei de Oliveira. 2006. Kants Realismus und der Aussenweltskeptizismus. OLMS. Hildesheim, Zürich, Novi Eboraci.
Deleuze, Gilles. 1984. Kant's Critical Philosophy, conv. Hugh Tomlinson et Barbara Habberjam. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-1341-9, ISBN 0-8166-1436-9
Gram, Moltke S. 1984. The Transcendental Turn: The Foundation of Kant's Idealism. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida. ISBN 0-8130-0787-9.
Greenberg, Robert. 2001. Kant's Theory of A Priori Knowledge. Penn State Press. ISBN 0-271-02083-0.
Guyer, Paul. 1987.Kant and the Claims of Knowledge. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
Heidegger, Martin. 1997. Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-21067-4.
Henrich, Dieter. 1994. The Unity of Reason: Essays on Kant’s Philosophy. Edited and with an introduction by Richard L. Velkley; translated by Jeffrey Edwards [et al.]. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-92905-5.
Kemp Smith, Norman. 1930. A Commentary to Kant's ‘Critique of Pure Reason. Londinii: Macmillan.
Kitcher, Patricia. 1990. Kant's Transcendental Psychology. Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press.
Longuenesse, Béatrice. 1998. Kant and the Capacity to Judge. Princetoniae: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-04348-5.
Melnick, Arthur. 1973. Kant's Analogies of Experience. Sicagi: University of Chicago Press.
Sgarbi, Marco. 2010. La Kritik der reinen Vernunft nel contesto della tradizione logica aristotelica. Hildesheim: Olms.
Paton, H. J. 1986. Kant’s Metaphysic of Experience: A Commentary on the First Half of the Kritik der reinen Vernunft. 2 voll. Londinii: Macmillan.
Pippin, Robert B.. 1982. Kant's Theory of Form: An Essay on the Critique of Pure Reason. Portu Novo: Yale University Press.
Sala, Giovanni. 2005. Kant, Lonergan und der christliche Glaube (Nordhausen: Bautz), ed. Ulrich L. Lehner et Ronald K. Tacelli
Schopenhauer, Arthur. 1859. Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung. Erster Band. Anhang. Kritik der Kantischen Philosophie. Lipsiae: F. A. Brockhaus. (Anglice: Arthur Schopenhauer, Novi Eboraci: Dover Press, Volume I, Appendix, "Criticism of the Kantian Philosophy," ISBN 0-486-21761-2.)
Seung, T. K. 1969. Kant's Transcendental Logic. Portu Novo: Yale University Press.
Strawson, P.F. 1989. The Bounds of Sense: an essay on Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. Routledge.
Wolff, Robert Paul. 1963. Kant's theory of mental activity: A commentary on the transcendental analytic of the Critique of Pure Reason. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press.
Yovel, Yirmiyahu. 1989. Kant and the Philosophy of History. Princetoniae: Princeton University Press.

Philosophia pragmatica

Allison, Henry. 1990. Kant's theory of freedom Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
Banham, Gary. 2003. Kant's Practical Philosophy: From Critique to Doctrine Londinii: Palgrave Macmillan.
Michalson, Gordon E. Fallen Freedom: Kant on Radical Evil and Moral Regeneration. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Michalson, Gordon E. 1999. Kant and the Problem of God. Blackwell Publishers.
Paton, H. J. 1971. The Categorical Imperative; a study in Kant's moral philosophy. University of Pennsylvania Press.
Rawls, John. 2000. Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae.
Seung, T. K. 1994. Kant's Platonic Revolution in Moral and Political Philosophy. Baltimorae: Johns Hopkins Press.
Wolff, Robert Paul. 1974. The Autonomy of Reason: A Commentary on Kant's Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals. Novi Eboraci: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-131792-6.
Wood, Allen. 1999. Kant's Ethical Thought Novi Eboraci: Cambridge University Press.

Aesthetica

Allison, Henry. 2001. Kant's Theory of Taste: A Reading of the Critique of Aesthetic Judgment. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
Banham, Gary. 2000. Kant and the Ends of Aesthetics. Londinii et Novi Eboraci: Macmillan Press.
Crawford, Donald. 1974. Kant's Aesthetic Theory. Visconsinia.
Guyer, Paul. 1979. Kant and the Claims of Taste. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae et Londinii.
Hammermeister, Kai. 2002. The German Aesthetic Tradition. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
Immanuel Kant. 1998. In Encyclopedia of Aesthetics, ed. Michael Kelly. Novi Eboraci, Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.
Makkreel, Rudolf. 1990. Imagination and Interpretation in Kant. Sicagi.
McCloskey, Mary. 1987. Kant's Aesthetic. State University of New York.
Schaper, Eva. 1979. Studies in Kant's Aesthetics. Edimburgi.
Zammito, John H. 1992. The Genesis of Kant's Critique of Judgment. Sicagi et Londinii: Chicago University Press.
Zupancic, Alenka. 2000. Ethics of the Real: Kant and Lacan. Verso.

Philosophia religionis

Palmquist, Stephen. 2000. Kant's Critical Religion: Volume Two of Kant's System of Perspectives. Ashgate. ISBN 0-7546-1333-X.
Perez, D. O. 2007. Religión, Política y Medicina en Kant: El Conflicto de las Proposiciones. Cinta de Moebio. Revista de Epistemologia de Ciencias Sociales 28: 91-103. Uchile.cl.

Alia opera

Braver, Lee. 2007. A Thing of This World: a History of Continental Anti-Realism. Northwestern University Press. ISBN 978-0-8101-2380-9.
Caygill, Howard. 1995. A Kant Dictionary. Oxoniae et Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Blackwell Reference. ISBN 0-631-17534-2, ISBN 0-631-17535-0.
Derrida, Jacques. 1980. Mochlos; or, The Conflict of the Faculties. Novi Eboraci: Columbia University.
Mosser, Kurt. 2008. Necessity and Possibility; The Logical Strategy of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. Catholic University of America Press. ISBN 978-0-8132-1532-7.
Perez, D. O. 2007. Os significados dos conceitos de hospitalidade em Kant e a problemática do estrangeiro. Revista Philosophica (Tsilia) 31: 43-53. Etiam in Konvergencias, 2007, 15. UCV.cl, Konvergencias.net.
Perez, D. O. 2009. 'A loucura como questão semântica: uma interpretação kantiana. Trans/Form/Ação (Sancti Pauli) 32 (1): 95-117. Scielo.br

Philosophia hodierna a Kantio mota

Herman, Barbara. 1993. The Practice of Moral Judgement. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press.
Korsgaard, Christine. 1996. Creating the Kingdom of Ends. Cantabrigiae et Novi Eboraci: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-49644-6, ISBN 0-521-49962-3. Non commentarium, sed defensio iudicii Kantiani ad ethicam.
McDowell, John. 1994. Mind and World. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-57609-8.
Parfit, Derek. Climbing the Mountain.
Pinker, Steven. 2007. The Stuff of Thought. Viking Press. ISBN 978-0-670-06327-7.
Wood, Allen. 1999. Kant's Ethical Thought. Cantabrigiae et Novi Eboraci: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-64836-X.
Sala, Giovanni. 2004. La Cristologia nella Religione nei limiti della semplice ragione di Kant. Rivista de Filosofia Neo-Scolastica 96 (2-3): 235-305.