Cultus humanus
(Redirectum de Civilizatio)
Cultus humanus,[1] vel in recentiore Latinitate civilizatio,[2] est societas humana multiplex et globalis. Ad cultum humanum usus agrorum colendorum (unde cultura) et habitatio urbana pertinent. Cultus humanus etiam humanitatem significat.
De historia
recensereVocabulum civilizationis in popularibus et academicis scriptis idem fere valet ac cultura, qui quidem terminus latiore vi adhiberi solet.[3] Omnes homines particeps culturae sunt, quae in universum est "artes, consuetudines, usus, . . . opiniones, aestimationes, mores, et usus materiales qui populi modus vivendi componunt."[4] Nihilominus, sensu latissimo, civilizatio est nomen multiplicis culturae agriculturalis et urbanae. Civilizationes possunt distingui secundum eorum gradum complexitatis temporationisque socialis, et eorum gradum diversitatis actionum oeconomicarum et culturalium.
Sensu vetere sed iam saepe adhibito, terminus civilizationis potest adhiberi causa existimationis: ubi culturae multiplices et urbanae habentur meliores aliis culturis, "feris" vel "barbariis," notio civilizationis adhibetur pro "superioritate culturali (et saepe ethica) quorumdam gregum." Similiter, verbum civilizationis potest significare 'elegantiam mentis, modorum, vel iudicii'.[5]
Praehistoria
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Mundus vetus
recensere- Levans
- Sumer
- Cultura Minoa
- Civilizatio Vallis Indi
- Armenia praehistorica
- Aevum Helladicum
- Sina antiqua
- Corea antiqua
Mundus novus
recensereAntiquitas classica
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- Civilizationes Mediterraneae
- Graecia Antiqua et Hellenicae civilizatio
- Phoenicia
- Imperium Romanum
- Illyria
- La Tène Celti
- Civilizationes Medii Orientis
- Civilizatio Persica post Achaemenides
- Templum Alterum Iudaismus
- Civilizatio Phoenica
- Civilizationes Islamicae
- Georgiana et Armenia civilizationes
- Hinduistica et Buddhistica civilizationes
- Mauryana et Post-Mauryana Indica civilizatio
- Imperium Guptanum in India septentrionali
- Imperium Cholanum in India meridionali
- Civilizationes antiquae Taprobanenses
- Civilizationes Asiae Orientalis
- Civilizationes Asiae Meridionalis et Orientalis
- Funan et Chen-la
- Angkor Cambodiae
- Srivijaya, Singhasari, et Majapahit
- Burmana, Thailandiensis, et Laoana
- Civilizatio Mediae Asiae
- Civilizatio Tibetana
- Civilizationes Turkica et Mongoliensis
- Civilizationes Europaeae
- Civilizationes Meso-Americanae
Notae
recensere- ↑ Cic. de orat. 1.33; Liv. 1.33.3; Col. rust. 12.pr.2; Curt. Alex. 5.6.13; 7.3.12; Ephemeris 2006
- ↑ Tuomo Pekkanen & Reijo Pitkäranta, Lexicon hodiernae Latinitatis Finno-Latino-Finnicum, sub voce sivilisaatio. Societas Litterarum Finnicarum, 2006; Ephemeris 2010
- ↑ "Civilisation," Encyclopaedia Britannica ed. 15 (1974), vol. 2:956.
- ↑ "Culture", Wiktionary, inventum 25 Augusti 2007.
- ↑ "Civilization," Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, editio 11, (Merriam-Webster, 2004), p. 226.
Nexus interni
Bibliographia
recensere- Ankerl, Guy. 2000. Global communication without universal civilization. INU societal research, 1: Coexisting contemporary civilizations: Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western. Geneva: INU Press. ISBN 2-88155-004-5.
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- Brinton, Crane, et al. 1984. A History of Civilization: Prehistory to 1715. Editio sexta. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-389866-0.
- Casson, Lionel. 1994. Ships and Seafaring in Ancient Times. Londinii: British Museum Press. ISBN 0-7141-1735-8.
- Chisholm, Jane, et Anne Millard. 1991. Early Civilization. Illustratus ab Ian Jackson. Londinii: Usborne. ISBN 1-58086-022-2.
- Collcutt, Martin, Marius Jansen, et Isao Kumakura. 1988. Cultural Atlas of Japan. Novi Eboraci: Facts on File. ISBN 0-8160-1927-4.
- Drews, Robert. 1993. The End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe ca. 1200 B.C. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-04811-8.
- Edey, Maitland A. 1974. The Sea Traders. Novi Eboraci: Time-Life Books. ISBN 0-7054-0060-3.
- Fairservis, Walter A., Jr. 1975. The Threshold of Civilization: An Experiment in Prehistory. Novi Eboraci: Scribner. ISBN 0-684-12775-X.
- Fernández-Armesto, Felipe. 2000. Civilizations. Londinii: Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-90171-1.
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- Freud, Sigmund. 1929 Das Unbehagen in der Kultur
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- From the American Civil War to the End of World War II. ISBN 0-306-80306-2.
- Gowlett, John. 1984. Ascent to Civilization. Londinii: Collins. ISBN 0-00-217090-6.
- Hawkes, Jacquetta. 1968. Dawn of the Gods. Londinii: Chatto & Windus. ISBN 0-7011-1332-4.
- Hawkes, Jacquetta, cum David Trump. 1976). The Atlas of Early Man. London: Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 0-312-09746-8.
- Hicks, Jim. 1974. The Empire Builders. Novi Eboraci: Time-Life Books.
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- Jensen, Derrick. 2006. Endgame. Novi Eboraci: Seven Stories Press. ISBN 978-1-58322-730-5.
- Johnson, Paul. 1987. A History of the Jews. Londinii: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-79091-9.
- Keppie, Lawrence. 1984. The Making of the Roman Army: From Republic to Empire.' Totowa, N.J.: Barnes & Noble. ISBN 0-389-20447-1.
- Korotayev, Andrey. 2004. World Religions and Social Evolution of the Old World Oikumene Civilizations: A Cross-Cultural Perspective.' Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN 0-7734-6310-0.
- Kradin, Nikolay. 2006. Archaeological Criteria of Civilization. Social Evolution & History 5():89–108. ISSN 1681-4363.
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- Rogerson, John. 1985. Atlas of the Bible. Novi Eboraci: Facts on File. ISBN 0-8160-1206-7.
- Sandall, Roger. 2001. The Culture Cult: Designer Tribalism and Other Essays. Boulder, Colo.: Westview. ISBN 0-8133-3863-8.
- Sansom, George. 1958. A History of Japan: To 1334. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-0523-2.
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- Yap, Yong, et Arthur Cotterell. 1975. The Early Civilization of China. Novi Eboraci: Putnam. ISBN 0399115951.
- Yurdusev, A. Nuri. 2003. International Relations and the Philosophy of History: A Civilizational Approach. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Nexus externi
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