Canakyus

Cāṇakyus vel Cāṇakya (Devanagari चाणक्यः ; circa 370–283 a.C.n.^[1]) fuit magister, philosophus, oeconomus, iurista, et regalis consiliarius Indicus.^[2]

Argenteus Imperii Mauryani nummus rotam elephantemque ostendit; saeculo tertio a.C.n.

Chanakya, postquam in Takṣaśila, antiqua dogmatis sede, docuit, ascensum ad dominationem tractavit Candraguptae iuvenis, primi Imperii Mauryani imperatoris. Late tradunt eum partes magni momenti egisse in constitutionem Imperii Mauryani, quod fuit primum imperium in historia ab archaeologia confirmatum quod plurimum subcontinentis Indici temperavit. Chanakya fuit pro primo ministro Chandraguptae et Bindusarae filii.

Kauṭilyus et Viṣnuguptus, nomina quibus Arthaśāstra, antiquus tractatus civilis Indicus, suum auctorem nominat, Cāṇakyo usitate tribuuntur.^[3] Cāṇakyus praecursor in disciplinis oeconomica et scientia politica habetur, et sua opera putatur gravis oeconomicae classicae praecursor.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] Canakyus saepe appellatus est Maclavellum Indicum, sed libri Cāṇakyilibros Maclavalli circa 1800 annos ante anteiverunt.^[8] Sua opera, prope finem Domus Guptae amissa, iterum inventa sunt saeculo vicensimo ineunte.^[5]

Opera

Duo Cāṇakyo tribuuntur libri: Arthaśāstra et Nītiśāstra, etiam appellatus Cāṇakya Niti. Arthaśāstra de singulis tractat propositorum monetariorum fiscaliumque, auxiliorum ad aerarium pertinens, negotiorum inter civitates, et artis belli gerendi. Nītiśāstra tractat perfectam vitae viam, et Cāṇakyi studium culturae Indicae patefacit. Cāṇakyus "nītisūtrā" ('dicta, breves sententias') evolvit, 455 sutras quae mores hominum ordinare proponunt, quorum circa 216 rājanīti, regulas ad administrandum regnum, perstringunt. Cāṇakyus ut videtur his sutris usus est ad parandum Chandraguptam aliosque discipulos in arte imperii regnandi.

Fortuna

Opera Cāṇakyi prope finem Imperii Guptani amissa sunt; iterum inventa sunt anno 1905 a Rudrapatnam Shamasastry bibliothecario Indico, qui ea anno 1909 divulgavit et anno 1915 Anglice vertit; post quem annum editiones et versiones plurimae confectae sunt. Saepimentum diplomaticum in Novo Dellio Cāṇakyapuri ad eius honorem appellatur.

Ludi

Nonnullae legendi Canakyi adaptationes hodiernae eius fabulam in forma semifictionali enarrant, haec legenda evolventes. In Chandragupta (1911), ludo a Dwijendralal Ray scripto, Nanda rex Chandraguptam fratrem consanguineum in exsilium mittit, qui suum nomen exercitui Alexandri Magni dat. Deinde, Chanakya et Katyayan (priore primo ministro Magadhae) iuvantibus, Chandragupta Nandam vincit, quem Chanakya necat.^[9]

Nexus interni

Notae

↑ S. K. Agarwal (1 Septembris 2008). Towards Improving Governance. Academic Foundation. p. 17. ISBN 978-81-7188-666-1 .
↑ "Kautilya aliquando appellatur cancellarius vel primus minister Chandraguptae, aliquantum sicut Bismarck" (Boesche 2003).
↑ Mabbett, I. W. (Aprili 1964). "The Date of the Arthaśhāstra". Journal of the American Oriental Society (American Oriental Society) 84 (2): 162–69 .
↑ L. K. Jha et K. N. Jha, 1998, "Chanakya: the pioneer economist of the world", International Journal of Social Economics 25 (2–4): 267–82.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 C. Waldauer, W. J. Zahka, et S. Pal, 1996, "Kautilya's Arthashastra: A neglected precursor to classical economics," Indian Economic Review, 31 (1): 101–108.
↑ C. Tisdell, (2003), "A Western perspective of Kautilya's Arthasastra: does it provide a basis for economic science?" Economic Theory, Applications and Issues Working Paper No. 18. Brisbane: School of Economics, The University of Queensland.
↑ B. S. Sihag, 2007, Kautilya on institutions, governance, knowledge, ethics and prosperity, Humanomics 23 (1): 5–28.
↑ Herbert H. Gowen, 1929, "'The Indian Machiavelli' and in a much more conventional world; or Political Theory in India Two Thousand Years Ago," Political Science Quarterly 44 (2): 173–92.
↑ Ray, Dwijendralal (1969). "Bhumika: Aitihasikata". In Bandyopadhyay, Sukumar. Dwijendralaler Chandragupta (quarta ed.). Kolkatae: Modern Book Agency. pp. Preface–10–14 .

Bibliographia

Boesche, Roger. 2003. "Kautilya's Arthaśāstra on War and Diplomacy in Ancient India." The Journal of Military History 67 (1): 9–37. ISSN 0899-3718.
Frédéric, Louis. 1987. Dictionnaire de la civilisation indienne. Robert Laffont.
Kulke, Hermann, et Dietmar Rothermund. 2006. Geschichte Indiens: Von der Induskultur bis heute. Monaci: C. H. Beck. ISBN 3-406-54997-7.
Mabbett, I. W. 1964. "The Date of the Arthaśhāstra." Journal of the American Oriental Society 84 (2): 162–69. ISSN 0003-0279.
Mookerji, Radha Kumud. (1966) 1988. Chandragupta Maurya and his times. Ed. quarta. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 81-208-0433-3. Google Books.
Rangarajan, L. N., conv. 1987. Kautilya: The Arthashastra edited, rearranged, translated and introduced. Novi Dellii: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-044603-6.
Rice, B. Lewis. 1889. Epigraphia Carnatica. Vol. II: Inscriptions and Sravana Belgola. Bangalore: Mysore Government Central Press. Google Books.
Singh, Upinder. 2016. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Pearson Education. ISBN 978-93-325-6996-6 Google Books.
Stein, O. 1922. Megasthenes und Kautilya. Vindobonae: Hölder.
Trautmann, Thomas R. 1971. Kauṭilya and the Arthaśāstra: a statistical investigation of the authorship and evolution of the text. Brill. Google Books.
Varadpande, Manohar Laxman. 2005. History of Indian Theatre. Abhinav. ISBN 978-81-7017-430-1. Google Books.

Nexus externi

Kautilyae Arthashastra (plenus 1915 Shamasastry textus, in quindecim libros divisus).
Chanakya Nitishastra, www.hinduism.co.za
Cāṇakya TV Serial Online, intellectualhinduism.blogspot.com
Fragmenta Arthasastrae, www.wsu.edu (Alia) (Anglice)
Philosophia et Biographia, www.worldofbiography.com
Studia Arthasastrae, www.hinduism.co.za
Versio Arthasastrae idem apud Vicifontem, www.bharatadesam.com(Anglice)
Versio Nitisastrae, www.philosophy.ru (Anglice)

[SKAgarwal2008-1] S. K. Agarwal (1 Septembris 2008). Towards Improving Governance. Academic Foundation. p. 17. ISBN 978-81-7188-666-1 .

[2] "Kautilya aliquando appellatur cancellarius vel primus minister Chandraguptae, aliquantum sicut Bismarck" (Boesche 2003).

[Mabbett-3] Mabbett, I. W. (Aprili 1964). "The Date of the Arthaśhāstra". Journal of the American Oriental Society (American Oriental Society) 84 (2): 162–69 .

[4] L. K. Jha et K. N. Jha, 1998, "Chanakya: the pioneer economist of the world", International Journal of Social Economics 25 (2–4): 267–82.

[bss.sfsu.edu-5] 5.0 ^5.1 C. Waldauer, W. J. Zahka, et S. Pal, 1996, "Kautilya's Arthashastra: A neglected precursor to classical economics," Indian Economic Review, 31 (1): 101–108.

[6] C. Tisdell, (2003), "A Western perspective of Kautilya's Arthasastra: does it provide a basis for economic science?" Economic Theory, Applications and Issues Working Paper No. 18. Brisbane: School of Economics, The University of Queensland.

[7] B. S. Sihag, 2007, Kautilya on institutions, governance, knowledge, ethics and prosperity, Humanomics 23 (1): 5–28.

[8] Herbert H. Gowen, 1929, "'The Indian Machiavelli' and in a much more conventional world; or Political Theory in India Two Thousand Years Ago," Political Science Quarterly 44 (2): 173–92.

[sourcessukumar-9] Ray, Dwijendralal (1969). "Bhumika: Aitihasikata". In Bandyopadhyay, Sukumar. Dwijendralaler Chandragupta (quarta ed.). Kolkatae: Modern Book Agency. pp. Preface–10–14 .

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