Pulmo (cnidaria)

Pulmo^[1] est medusana certarum specierum subphyli Medusozoorum phasis, quod subphylum maiorem phyli Cnidariorum partem constituunt. Pulmones plerumque sunt animalia maritima libere circumnatantia, campana umbelliformi multisque tentaculis pendentibus praedita, quamquam nonnulla migrare nequiunt, ad imum mare caulibus conecta. Campana palpitare potest ad propulsionem et locomotionem magnopere efficientem praebendam. Tentacula cnidocytis, cellulis pungendi, armantur, quibus praedam capiunt et invicem praedatores repellunt. His animalibus est multiplex vitae circulus: pulmo plerumque est phasis sexualis, planula est larva quae late dispergere potest, et sequitur phasis sedentaria, cum animal polypus describitur.

Chrysaora fuscescens

Animalia — Cnidaria

Subphylum : Medusozoa

Animalia speciei Mastigiae papuae in aquario Tocione in urbe Iaponiensi circumnatant.

Pulmones omnem per orbem terrarum iuveniuntur, ab aquis superficiales ad imum mare. Scyphozoa (aliquando veri pulmones appellata) solum sunt animalia aquae marinae, sed nonnulla hydrozoa aspectus similis in aqua dulce habitant. Magni, saepe multicolores, in zonis litoralibus omnem per mundum vulgati sunt. Pulmones plurimarum specierum rapide crescunt, nonnullos menses maturant, et sub fetura moriuntur, sed certi polypodum gradus, ad imum mare adiuncti, diu vivere possunt. Pulmones saltem annorum 500 milliones exstant,^[2] et fortasse annorum 700 milliones aut plus, ut veterrimus animalium multorum organorum grex sint.^[3]

Homines in certis civitatibus pulmones edere solent, quae animalia cuppedia in nonnullis culturis magni aestimantur, ubi species ordinis Rhizostomarum imprimuntur et saliuntur ad nimiam aquam amovendam. Etiam in investigationibis scientificis adhibentur, ubi proteinum fluorescens viridis, ab aliquot species ad bioluminescentiam efficiendam instructum, pro fluorescente signo genetico prodest in genis in alias cellulas vel organismos insertis. Cellulae pungendi, ad praedam a pulmonibus superandam adhibitae, homines etiam nocere possunt. Multa milia natatorum quotannis iciuntur, dolores vel etiam mortem accipientia; parva cnidaria classis Cubozoorum multas ex eis mortibus efficiunt. Circumiectis secundis, pulmones vasta examina constituere possunt, quae detrimentum infligunt cum apparatum piscandi laedant, retia piscationis impleant, et refrigerantia fabricarum electricatis faciendae et desalinationis systemata aliquando obstruant, quae aqua ex mari extrahunt.

Classificatio

Hic habes varios clados, cladis non medusozoani "???" notatis.

Animalia

Porifera

Ctenophora^[4] ???^[5]

Cnidaria

	Tunicata^[4] ???^[6]

	Vertebrata

Pulmones non sunt cladus, quia plurima medusozoa comprehendunt, sed nonnulla hydrozoa vitant.^[7]^[8] Greges medusozoani ab auctoritatibus comprehensi in arbore sequente cum citationibus inveniuntur. Nomina pulmonum inclusorum litteris pinguibus imprimuntur.

Cnidaria

Anthozoa

Polypodiozoa et Myxozoa (parasiti)

	Discomedusae^[4]

	Coronatae^[10]

Hydrozoa

Aplanulata

Siphonophorae

	Aliquot Leptothecata^[4]

	Filifera^[4]^[11]

Trachylinae

	Limnomedusae^[4]

	Narcomedusae^[12]

Nexus interni

Medusa

Notae

↑ Plin. 9, 47, 71, § 154; 18, 35, 85, § 359; 32, 9, 32, § 102.
↑ Fossil Record Reveals Elusive Jellyfish More Than 500 Million Years Old Formula:Webarchive. ScienceDaily (2 Novembris 2007).
↑ Angier, Natalie (6 Iunii 2011). "So Much More Than Plasma and Poison"
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 ^4.6 Lapsus in citando: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Perseus
↑ Mills, C. E. (8 Novembris 2010). "Ctenophores". University of Washington. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
↑ Lapsus in citando: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Nereus
↑ Zapata, Felipe; Goetz, Freya E.; Smith, Stephen A.; Howison, Mark; Siebert, Stefan; Church, Samuel H.; Sanders, Steven M.; Ames, Cheryl Lewis et al (2015). "Phylogenomic Analyses Support Traditional Relationships within Cnidaria". PLOS ONE 10 (10): e0139068 .
↑ Kayal, Ehsan; Bentlage, Bastian; Sabrina Pankey, M.; Ohdera, Aki H.; Medina, Monica; Plachetzki, David C.; Collins, Allen G.; Ryan, Joseph F. (2018). "Phylogenomics provides a robust topology of the major cnidarian lineages and insights on the origins of key organismal traits". BMC Evolutionary Biology 18: 68 .
↑ STAUROMEDUSAE UK An online guide to the Stalked jellyfish (Stauromedusae) found around the coastal waters of the United Kingdom and Ireland. Includes notes on their identification, and where and how to find them. BACK UK Checklist for Stalked jellyfish (Stauromedusae). . Stauromedusae UK
↑ Schierwater, Bernd; Helm, Rebecca R.; Dunn, Casey W. (2017). "Indoles induce metamorphosis in a broad diversity of jellyfish, but not in a crown jelly (Coronatae)". PLOS ONE 12 (12): e0188601 .
↑ Formula:Cite magazine
↑ Formula:Cite magazine.

Bibliographia

Berwald, Juli. 2017. Spineless: the science of jellyfish and the art of growing a backbone. Illust. Rachel Ivanyi. Novi Eboraci: Riverhead Books. ISBN 9780735211261, ISBN 9780735211285.
Holst, Sabine. 2011. "Ursprünglich und faszinierend: Quallen an Nord- und Ostseeküste." Biologie in unserer Zeit 41 (4): 240–247. ISSN 0045-205X.
Werner, B. 1984. "Stamm Cnidaria." In Lehrbuch der Speziellen Zoologie: vol. I: Wirbellose Tiere: pars 2: Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Mesozoa, Plathelminthes, Nemertini, Entoprocta, Nemathelminthes, Priapulida, ed. Alfred Kaestner. Ed. quarta Ienae: Gustav Fischer Verlag.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad pulmones spectant.

"Jellyfish and Comb Jellies." Smithsonian Ocean Portal.
"Jellyfish Facts – Information on Jellyfish and Jellyfish Safety."
""There's no such thing as a jellyfish." Canalis Youtube, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.
"Vicious beauties – Jellyfish." Pellicula documentaria. YouTube.com.
Flannery, Tim. 2013. "They’re Taking Over!" nybooks.com, 26 Septembris 2013.
Exhibitio pulmonum. Ntional Aquarium Baltimorae

[1] Plin. 9, 47, 71, § 154; 18, 35, 85, § 359; 32, 9, 32, § 102.

[2] Fossil Record Reveals Elusive Jellyfish More Than 500 Million Years Old Formula:Webarchive. ScienceDaily (2 Novembris 2007).

[angier2dec-3] Angier, Natalie (6 Iunii 2011). "So Much More Than Plasma and Poison"

[Perseus-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 ^4.6 Lapsus in citando: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Perseus

[5] Mills, C. E. (8 Novembris 2010). "Ctenophores". University of Washington. Retrieved 28 August 2018.

[Nereus-6] Lapsus in citando: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Nereus

[Zapata2015-7] Zapata, Felipe; Goetz, Freya E.; Smith, Stephen A.; Howison, Mark; Siebert, Stefan; Church, Samuel H.; Sanders, Steven M.; Ames, Cheryl Lewis et al (2015). "Phylogenomic Analyses Support Traditional Relationships within Cnidaria". PLOS ONE 10 (10): e0139068 .

[8] Kayal, Ehsan; Bentlage, Bastian; Sabrina Pankey, M.; Ohdera, Aki H.; Medina, Monica; Plachetzki, David C.; Collins, Allen G.; Ryan, Joseph F. (2018). "Phylogenomics provides a robust topology of the major cnidarian lineages and insights on the origins of key organismal traits". BMC Evolutionary Biology 18: 68 .

[9] STAUROMEDUSAE UK An online guide to the Stalked jellyfish (Stauromedusae) found around the coastal waters of the United Kingdom and Ireland. Includes notes on their identification, and where and how to find them. BACK UK Checklist for Stalked jellyfish (Stauromedusae). . Stauromedusae UK

[SchierwaterHelm2017-10] Schierwater, Bernd; Helm, Rebecca R.; Dunn, Casey W. (2017). "Indoles induce metamorphosis in a broad diversity of jellyfish, but not in a crown jelly (Coronatae)". PLOS ONE 12 (12): e0188601 .

[11] Formula:Cite magazine

[12] Formula:Cite magazine.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]