Cocos nucifera

Cocos nucifera^[1] (binomen a Carolo Linnaeo statutum) est utilissima familiae Arecacearum planta, sola generis Cocois species, magna palma, quae ad 30 metra alta crescit, foliis pinnatis 4–6 metra longis, pinnis 60–90 centimetra longis. Foliis veteribus se defringentibus, truncus manet levis quasi rasilis. Nucem Indicam producit.

Cocos nucifera

Plantae — Angiospermae

Monocotyledones
Commelinidae
Ordo : Arecales
Familia : Arecaceae
Subfamilia : Arecoideae
Tribus : Cocoeae
Genus : Cocos
Species : C. nucifera

Cocos nucifera
L.

Conservationis status

secure

Cocos nucifera per tropicas colitur pro multis usibus, culinariis et non culinariis, et aliquando est pro ornamento. Paene omnis eius pars usus humanos habet. In caelis frigidioribus (sed non minus quam USDA Zona 9), cocois similis, Syagrus romanzoffiana, in architectura terrestri adhibetur. Eius fructus sunt "nucum" cocois similes, sed multum minores. Olim classificatus est in genere Cocois, sed deinde ad genus Syagrum motus est. Beccariophoenix alfredii, palma in Madagascaria recentius inventa, est cocois similior Syagru romanzoffiana.

Cocos per paene omnibus terras tropicas viget, partim ab hominibus maritimis adiuta. Fructus est levis, aquam magnopere resistens, unde se fluctibus marinis trans spatia ampla dispergere potest.^[2] Fructus mari conlectus tam septentrionalis quam Norvegia potest vivere. In Havaiis, cocos habetur introductio Polynesia, ad insulas a nautis Polynesiis primum adlata a patriis in Oceania Australi. Adsunt in paene omnibus locis inter 26°N et 26°S, interioribus Africae Americaeque Australis partibus exceptis.

Plantae flores sunt polygamomonoecii, masculinos femineosque partes in eadem inflorescentia habentes. Florescentia perpetuo agitur. Plurimae plantae habentur vicissim transpollinare,^? sed aliquae varietates nanae se pollen dant. Plantae nux revera est endospermium edule, in interiore putaminis superficie situm. Intra stratum endospermii, nux aquam cocois^[3] continet, perlucidum dulce salsumve, aut dulce salsumque liquidum.

Origo et historia

Nautae Angli annis 1578 et 1585 nuces Indicas inter primos admiraverunt: Eduardus Cliffe, navigationem Ioannis Winter cum Francisco Drako anno 1577 inceptam narrans, fructus his verbis descripsit:

Repperimus insuper arborem fructus cocois ferentem, maiores quam caput hominis, intra corticem exteriorem unciarum trium crassitudine aliquam nucem habens mensura binorum pugnorum quae substantiam albam sibi haerentem continet, dimidia uncia crassam, gustu suavissimam. Intra cavitas vel locus vacuus latet quo continetur aqua pura suavisque quam nonnulli mirabiliter roborantem esse censent.^[4]

Distributio

Plantatio cocotum in La Digue Insularum Seychelles

Flores

Proventus nucum Indicarum et coprae anno 2005

Arbor cocois in Cuba.

Strata fructus cocois.

Arbores Goae in India.

Cocos in solis harenosis viget, et salinitatem valde tolerat.

Notae

↑ Genetivo Cocois nuciferae, e.g. Ioannes Christianus Felix Baehr, coll., Ctesiae Cnidii operum reliquiae (Francofurti ad Moenum: 1824), p. 327; rarius Cocotis, e.g. Henricus Fridericus Link, Elementa Philosophiae Botanicae (Berolini: 1824), p. 321.
↑ Foale, M. "The Coconut Odyssey: the bounteous possibilities of the tree of life." Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research 2003
↑ "Aqua cocois": Hamburger Garten- und Blumenzeitung (1852) p. 204; cf. "lac cocois" ibidem p. 210
↑ Wee found also a tree which beareth the fruite cocos, which is bigger then a mans head, having within the utter coate, which is about 3 inches thicke, a certain nut as bigge as two fists, and hath within a white substance, cleaving fast to the shell, which is halfe an inche thick, very pleasant to taste, and within that a certaine hollownesse or voyde place, wherein is contained a pure and pleasant water in taste, and as some thinke, marvellous comfortable. Edward Cliffe in Richard Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation (2a ed. Londinii: George Bishop, 1598-1600) p. 749; cf. Walterus Bygges, Expeditio Francisci Draki equitis Angli in Indias Occidentales anno MDLXXXV. Leydae: apud Fr. Raphelengium Textus cum p. 14 editionis Anglici; Richard Hakluyt, The Principall Navigations ... (1a ed. Londinii: George Bishop, 1589) supplementum (post p. 743 insertum) fol. 4v

Bibliographia

Fontes antiquiores

saeculo 6 : Cosmas Indicopleustes, Topographia Christiana 11.11 Graece
1567 : Garcias ab Orta; Carolus Clusius, interpr., Aromatum apud Indos nascentium historia lib. i cap. 26 "nux Indica"
1568 : William Turner, The First and Seconde Partes of the Herbal ... with the Third Parte. Coloniae Agrippinae vol. 3 p. 49
1590 : Iosephus de Acosta, Historia natural y moral de las Indias (Hispali: en casa de Juan de Leon) pp. 259-260
1597 : John Gerard, The Herball, or generall historie of plantes (Londinii: John Norton) pp. 1337-1338 "the Indian nut tree"
1601 : Thobias Roelsius in Carolus Clusius, Rariorum plantarum historia (Antverpiae) appendix p. cccxv
1741 : Georgius Everhardus Rumphius, Herbarium Amboinense (Amstelaedami: Chanquion, 1741-1750) vol. 1 pp. 1-12 et tab. 1; cf. E. D. Merrill, An Interpretation of Rumphius's Herbarium Amboinense. Manilae: Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Bureau of Science, 1917 p. 123
1753 : Carolus Linnaeus, Species plantarum (Holmiae: impensis L. Salvii, 1753) vol. 2 p. 1188 (Latine)

Eruditio recentior

Adkins S. W., M. Foale, et Y. M. S. Samosir, eds. 2006. Coconut revival – new possibilities for the ‘tree of life’. Proceedings of the International Coconut Forum held in Cairns, Australia, November 22–24, 2005. ACIAR Proceedings No. 125. ISBN 1-86320-515-2.
Batugal, P., V. R. Rao, et J. Oliver. 2005. Coconut Genetic Resources. Bioversity International. PDF. ISBN 9789290436294.
Bee F. Gunn, Luc Baudouin, et Kenneth M. Olsen. 2011. Independent Origins of Cultivated Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) in the Old World Tropics. PLOS One, 22 Iunii.
Foale, M. 2003. The Coconut Odyssey: the bounteous possibilities of the tree of life. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research.
Frison, E. A., C. A. J. Putter, et M. Diekmann, eds. 1993. Coconut. ISBN 978-92-9043-156-5.
International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). 1995. Descriptors for Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). ISBN 9789290432159.
Mathur, P. N., K. Muralidharan, V. A. Parthasarathy, P. Batugal, et F. Bonnot. 2008. Data Analysis Manual for Coconut Researchers. ISBN 9789290437369.
Salunkhe, D. K., J. K. Chavan, R. N. Adsule, et S. S. Kadam. 1992. World Oilseeds: Chemistry, Technology, and Utilization. Springer. ISBN 9780442001124.
Whistler, W. Arthur. 1996. Samoan Herbal Medicine. Honolulu: Isla Botanica. ISBN 0-9645426-2-5.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Cocos nucifera spectant.

Situs scientifici: Tropicos • Tela Botanica • GRIN • ITIS • Plant List • NCBI • Biodiversity • Encyclopedia of Life • Plant Name Index • Plantes d'Afrique • Flora of China • INPN France • Flora of North America • USDA Plants Database

Coconut Varieties Endemic to Sri Lanka
Coconut Time Line
Plant Cultures: botany, history and uses of the coconut
Purdue University crop pages: Cocos nucifera
Coconut
Cocos nucifera apud Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project
Descriptors for Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)
Coconut Research Center

[1] Genetivo Cocois nuciferae, e.g. Ioannes Christianus Felix Baehr, coll., Ctesiae Cnidii operum reliquiae (Francofurti ad Moenum: 1824), p. 327; rarius Cocotis, e.g. Henricus Fridericus Link, Elementa Philosophiae Botanicae (Berolini: 1824), p. 321.

[2] Foale, M. "The Coconut Odyssey: the bounteous possibilities of the tree of life." Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research 2003

[3] "Aqua cocois": Hamburger Garten- und Blumenzeitung (1852) p. 204; cf. "lac cocois" ibidem p. 210

[4] Wee found also a tree which beareth the fruite cocos, which is bigger then a mans head, having within the utter coate, which is about 3 inches thicke, a certain nut as bigge as two fists, and hath within a white substance, cleaving fast to the shell, which is halfe an inche thick, very pleasant to taste, and within that a certaine hollownesse or voyde place, wherein is contained a pure and pleasant water in taste, and as some thinke, marvellous comfortable. Edward Cliffe in Richard Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation (2a ed. Londinii: George Bishop, 1598-1600) p. 749; cf. Walterus Bygges, Expeditio Francisci Draki equitis Angli in Indias Occidentales anno MDLXXXV. Leydae: apud Fr. Raphelengium Textus cum p. 14 editionis Anglici; Richard Hakluyt, The Principall Navigations ... (1a ed. Londinii: George Bishop, 1589) supplementum (post p. 743 insertum) fol. 4v

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