Magna Excitatio Prima
Magna Excitatio Prima,[1] Anglice First Great Awakening, fuit motus redintegrationis Christianae qui Europam Protestantem et Americam Britannicam adfecit, praecipue colonias Americanas inter 1730 at 1750, religionem Americanam perpetuo mutans. Consecutus est hic motus praedicationem potentem quae auditoribus sensum instillavit altissimae revelationis personalis eorum necessitatis salutis per Iesum Christum effectae. Motus, se ex ritibus et caerimoniis avellens, Christianitatem acriter personalem inter homines mediocres per altum convictionis spiritualis et redemptionis sensum nutritum fecit, et hominibus ipsos se inspicere et se novis morum normis obligare suasit.[2]
Motus eventus maximi momenti in Nova Anglia fuit, qui auctoritatem institutam provocavit et malevolentiam instigavit inter traditionalistas veteres, qui usitatos ritus et doctrinas conservare volebant, et redintegrationistas novos, qui effectum animi motus et convictionem personalem suadebant. Magnos habuit effectus, Ecclesiam Congregationalem, Ecclesiam Presybterianam, Nederlandicam Ecclesiam Refectam, et Germanicam Ecclesiam Refectam reficiens, ac Baptistas et Anglicanos Methodisticos confirmans. Vix autem plurimos Anglicanos et Tremebundos adfecit.[3] In nonnullis locis, Christianitatem servis Africanis tulit.
Magna Excitatio Prima, Magnae Excitationis Secundae dissimilis, quae circa 1800 coepit et homines extra ecclesiam attigit, homines excitavit qui socii ecclesiae iam fuerunt, et quorum ritus, pietatem, et cognitio sui mutavit. Ad evangelicas Reformationis Protestantis postulationes, Christiani Americani saeculi duodevicensimi addere coeperunt divinas Spiritus Sancti manifestationes et conversiones quae ardentem Dei amorem in fidelibus novis inseverunt. Conventus redintegrationis haec signa repraesentaverunt, et evangelicalismum nuper creatum in prima republica sparserunt.[4]
Effectus inter civitates externas
recensereRedintegratio evangelica multas civitates tetigit, imprimis civitates Europaeas plerumque Protestantis. Responsum fidelium qui templis Bristolii et Londinii anno 1737 aderant, et carbonariorum in Kingswood, genis lineis a lacrimis sub contiones Georgii Whitefield anno 1739 distinctis,[5] initium excitationis Anglicae fuit. Historicus Sydney E. Ahlstrom motum partem "magni tumultus Protestantis internationalis"[6] appellat, quod Pietismum in Germania, et Redintegrationem Evangelicam ac Methodismum in Anglia etiam genuit.[7] Redintegratio, gravis Magnae Excitationis pars, tertio decennio saeculi septimi decimi coepit, in Scotia inter Presbyterianos, et praedicatores itinerantes vehementius dixit.[8]
Nexus interni
Notae
recensere- ↑ Haec appellatio a Vicipaediano e lingua indigena in sermonem Latinum conversa est. Extra Vicipaediam huius locutionis testificatio vix inveniri potest.
- ↑ Thomas S. Kidd, The Great Awakening: The Roots of Evangelical Christianity in Colonial America (2009).
- ↑ Sydney E. Ahlstrom, A Religious History of the American People (1972), 280–330.
- ↑ Harry Stout, The Divine Dramatist: George Whitefield and the Rise of Modern Evangelicalism (1991).
- ↑ John Gillies, Memoirs of George Whitefield (Hunt & Co., 1841), 38-39.
- ↑ Anglice: "great international Protestant upheaval."
- ↑ Ahlstrom p. 263.
- ↑ Howard C. Kee et al., Christianity: A Social and Cultural History, ed. 2a (Upper Saddle River Novae Caesatrae: Prentice Hall, 1998), 412.
Bibliographia
recensereStudia academica
recensere- Ahlstrom, Sydney E. 1972. A Religious History of the American People. ISBN 0385111649.
- Bonomi, Patricia U. 1988. Under the Cope of Heaven: Religion, Society, and Politics in Colonial America. Oxford University Press.
- Bumsted, J. M. 1976. "What Must I Do to Be Saved?": The Great Awakening in Colonial America. Thomson Publishing. ISBN 0030866510.
- Butler, Jon. 1990. Awash in a Sea of Faith: Christianizing the American People.
- Conforti, Joseph A. 1995. Jonathan Edwards, Religious Tradition and American Culture. University of North Carolina Press.
- Fisher, Linford D. 2012. The Indian Great Awakening: Religion and the Shaping of Native Cultures in Early America. Oxford University Press.
- Gaustad, Edwin S. 1957. The Great Awakening in New England.
- Gaustad, Edwin S. 1954. The Theological Effects of the Great Awakening in New England. The Mississippi Valley Historical Review 40(4):681–706. in JSTOR
- Goen, C. C. 1987. Revivalism and Separatism in New England, 1740–1800: Strict Congregationalists and Separate Baptists in the Great Awakening. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 0819561339.
- Hatch, Nathan O. 1989. The Democratization of American Christianity.
- Heimert, Alan. 1966. Religion and the American Mind: From the Great Awakening to the Revolution.
- Isaac, Rhys. 1982. The Transformation of Virginia, 1740–1790.
- Kidd, Thomas S. 2009. The Great Awakening: The Roots of Evangelical Christianity in Colonial America. ISBN 0300158467.
- Kidd, Thomas S. 2010. God of Liberty: A Religious History of the American Revolution.
- Lambert, Frank. 1994. Pedlar in Divinity: George Whitefield and the Transatlantic Revivals.
- Lambert, Frank. 1995. The First Great Awakening: Whose Interpretive Fiction? The New England Quarterly 68(4):650.
- Lambert, Frank. 1999. Inventing the "Great Awakening."
- McLoughlin, William G. 1978. Revivals, Awakenings, and Reform: An Essay on Religion and Social Change in America, 1607–1977.
- Schmidt, Leigh Eric. 2001. Holy Fairs: Scotland and the Making of American Revivalism.
- Schmotter, James W. 1979. The Irony of Clerical Professionalism: New England's Congregational Ministers and the Great Awakening. American Quarterly 31 JSTOR.
- Stout, Harry. 1991. The Divine Dramatist: George Whitefield and the Rise of Modern Evangelicalism.
Historiographia
recensere- Butler, Jon. 1982. Enthusiasm Described and Decried: The Great Awakening as Interpretative Fiction. Journal of American History 69:305–325. JSTOR.
- Goff, Philip. 1998. Revivals and Revolution: Historiographic Turns since Alan Heimert's Religion and the American Mind. Church History 67(4):695–721. ISSN 0009-6407. Textus.
- McLoughlin, William G. 1967. Essay Review: The American Revolution as a Religious Revival: "The Millennium in One Country." New England Quarterly 40(1):99–110 JSTOR.
Fontes primarii
recensere- Davies, Samuel. 1845, 1967 Sermons on Important Subjects. Ed. Albert Barnes. 3 vol.
- Edwards, Jonathan. 1972. The Great-Awakening: A Faithful Narrative Ed. C. Goen. Yale University Press. ISBN 0300014376.
- Gillies, John. 1834. Memoirs of Rev. George Whitefield. Portu Novo: Whitmore and Buckingham, et H. Mansfield.
- Heimert, Alan, et Perry Miller, eds. 1967. The Great Awakening: Documents Illustrating the Crisis and Its Consequences.
- Jarratt, Devereux. 1969. The Life of the Reverend Devereux Jarratt. Religion in America, ed. Edwin S. Gaustad. Novi Eboraci: Arno.
- Whitefield, George. 1960. George Whitefield's Journals. Ed. Iain Murray. Londinii: Banner of Truth Trust.
- Whitefield, George. 1976. Letters of George Whitefield. Ed. S. M. Houghton. Edimburgi: Banner of Truth Trust.
Nexus externi
recensere- Curriculum de Magna Excitatione Prima, edsitement.neh.gov
- "The Great Awakening Comes to Weathersfield, Connecticut: Nathan Cole's Spiritual Travels," historymatters.gmu.edu
- "I Believe It Is Because I Am a Poor Indian," historymatters.gmu.edu (biographia Samsonis Occom, ministri Indiani)
- "The Joseph Bellamy House: The Great Awakening in Puritan New England," www.nps.gov
- "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," edwards.yale.edu (homilia Ionatanae Edwards)