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Theobrominum

compositum chemicum

Theobrominum, etiam xantheosum appellatum, est principale Theobromatis cacao alcaloidum.[1] Aliquantulum solubile in aqua (330 mg/L) est, gustatu amarum.[2] Additivo cibario? et precursori nonnullorum faciei medicaminum in rebus fabricandis prodest.[1] Invenitur in socolata variisque cibis aliis, foliis Camelliae sinensis plantisque generis Colae non exclusis. Theobrominum est solidum album, aut colore caret, sed exemplaria in commercio adhibita subflava videri possunt.[2]

Bellaria socolatae et socolata liquefacta. Socolata e nuce cocoa? fit, e naturali theobromini fonte.

Structura

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Theobrominum est molecula plana,[3] e purino deductum. Dimethyl? xanthinum describitur.[2][4] Inter cognata composita chemica sunt theophyllinum, caffeinum, paraxanthinum, et 7-methylxanthinum, quorum quodque numero vel loco gregum methylatorum unicum est.[2]

Historia

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Theobrominum primum anno 1841 inventum est[5] in nucibus Theobromatis cacao ab Alexandro Voskresenskij, chemico Russico.[6] Synthesis theobromini ex xanthino primum anno 1882 a Hermanno Aemilio Fischer nuntiata est.[7][8][9]

Etymologia

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Deducitur vocabulum theobrominum a Theobromate (nomine generis arboris cacao) + -inum, suffixo alcaloidorum aliorumque compositorum quae nitrogenium basicum continent.[10] Quod nomen vicissim in theo 'deo' + broma 'cibo' radicibus Graecis consistit, una 'victum deorum' significantes.[11] Contra autem nomen, hoc compositum bromino caret.

Fontes naturales

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Caffeinum in iecure metabolizatur in tria metabolita primaria: paraxanthinum (84%), theobrominum (12%), et theophyllinum (4%).

Inter species plantarum quibus sunt notabiles theobromini summae sunt:[12]

Parvae theobromini summae etiam in nuce cola,? baccis Paulliniae cupanae, Ilice paraguariensi, Ilice vomitoria, Ilice guayusa, et Camellia sinensi inveni possunt.[13]

Nexus interni

Notae

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Theobromine". PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. 27 Augusti 2022 .
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Theobromine and the pharmacology of cocoa". Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 200 (200): 201–34. 2011. ISBN 978-3-642-13442-5 .
  3. ↑ Ford, K. A.; Ebisuzaki, Y.; Boyle, P. D. (1998). "Methylxanthines. II. Anhydrous Theobromine". Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 54 (12): 1980–83 .
  4. ↑ Environment and Behavior. Westview Press. 1997. p. 200. ISBN 978-0813331591 .
  5. ↑ Plant Intoxicants: A Classic Text on the Use of Mind-Altering Plants. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. 1995. pp. 67–. ISBN 978-0-89281-498-5 .
  6. ↑ "Über das Theobromin". Liebigs Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie 41: 125–27. 1842 .
  7. ↑ Essays in Historical Chemistry. The MacMillan Company. 1902 
  8. ↑ "Umwandlung des Xanthin in Theobromin und Caffein". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft 15 (1): 453–56. 1882 .
  9. ↑ "Über Caffein, Theobromin, Xanthin und Guanin". Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 215 (3): 253–320. 1882 .
  10. ↑ "-ine". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2004. ISBN 978-0-395-71146-0 .
  11. ↑ The World of Caffeine: The Science and Culture of the World's Most Popular Drug. Novi Eboraci: Routledge. 2002. ISBN 978-0-415-92723-9 . Nota bene: hic liber false dicit nomen theobroma a nostra lingua deduci.
  12. ↑ "Theobromine content in plant sources". Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases, United States Department of Agriculture. 6 Februarii 2019 .
  13. ↑ The Cultural History of Plants. Novi Eboraci: Routledge. 2004. pp. 137, 175, 178–180. ISBN 978-0-415-92746-8 .

Nexus externi

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  Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad theobrominum spectant.
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