Structuralismus

Strucuralismus in sociologia, anthropologia, et linguistica est ratio quae docet elementa culturae humanae intellegenda esse per eorum affinitatem cum maiore ratione vel structura ampla. Conatur detegere structuras quae omnes fulciunt res quas homines faciant, cogitent, percipiant, et sentiant. Invicem, ut summatim descripta a Simone Blackburn philosopho, structuralismus est "fides phaenomena vitae humanae non intellegi posse praeter eorum coniunctiones mutuas, quae structuram constituunt, et post variationes loci in phaenomenis superficialibus sunt constantes culturae abstractae leges."^[1]^[2]

Structuralismus in Europa saeculo vicensimo ineunte orta est, ex linguistica structurali Ferdinandi de Saussure et consequentibus linguisticae scholis Pragae,^[3] Moscuae^[3] et Hafniae conditae. Annis 1950 exeuntibus et 1960 ineuntibus, cum linguistica structuralis a Noam Chomsky et aliis vehementer provocaretur et ergo aliquantum marcesceret, varii eruditi in humanitatibus sententias Saussureanas exceperunt ut eis in eorum disciplinis propriis uti possent. Claudius Lévi-Strauss, anthropologus Francicus, ut videtur fuit primus eruditus talis, perdivulgatum structuralismi studium generans.^[2]

Structuralisticus ratiocinationis modus in variis disciplinis adhibitus est, inter quas anthropologia, sociologia, psychologia, iudicium litterarium, oeconomica, et architectura. Inter prominentissimos philosophos cum structuralismo consociatos erant Lévi-Strauss anthropologus, Romanus Jakobson linguista, et Iacobus Lacan psychoanalysta. Structuralismus, motus intellegens, primum legitimus existentialismi heres videbatur, sed ante annos 1960 exeuntes, multa ex primis structuralismi dogmatibus petebantur ab unda nova intellegentium plerumque Francicorum, sicut Michael Foucault philosophus et rerum gestarum scriptor, Iacobus Derrida philosophus et commentator socialis, Ludovicus Althusser philosophus Marxista, et Rolandus Barthes iudex litterarius.^[3] Quamquam elementa eorum operum ad structuralismum necessario pertinent et ab eo informantur, hi ratiocinatores plerumque poststructuralistae appellantur.

Structuralismus annis 1970 ob rigiditatem et ahistoricismum reprehensus est. Contra quod, multi ex fautoribus structuralismi, sicut Iacobus Lacan, philosophiam continentalem iam movent, multique ex primis sumptionibus nonnullorum iudicum poststructuralisticorum sunt continuatio structuralismi.^[4]

Conspectus

Vocabulum structuralismus certum motum philosophicum et litterarium describit. Verbum, in operibus Claudii Lévi-Strauss anthropologi Francici apparens, motum structuralisticum in Francia produxit. Cogitationem Ludovici Althusser, Iacobi Lacan psychoanalysta, Nicolai Poulantzas Marxistae structuralistici, et aliorum scriptorum movit, quorum autem plurimi motum diffitebantur.

Origines structuralismi cum operibus Ferdinandi de Saussure de linguistica et cum circulis linguisticis Pragensi et Moscuensi coniungunt.^[2]

Nexus interni

Notae

↑ Anglice: "the belief that phenomena of human life are not intelligible except through their interrelations. These relations constitute a structure, and behind local variations in the surface phenomena there are constant laws of abstract culture."
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Blackburn 2008.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Deleuze, Gilles. 2002. "How Do We Recognise Structuralism?" In Desert Islands and Other Texts 1953-1974. Trans. David Lapoujade. Ed. Michael Taormina. Semiotext(e) Foreign Agents ser. Los Angeles and New York: Semiotext(e), 2004. 170–192. ISBN 1584350180: p. 170.
↑ John Sturrock (1979), "Introduction," in Structuralism and since: from Lévi Strauss to Derrida.

Bibliographia

Course in General Linguistics, Ferdinandus de Saussure
Essais de linguistique générale, Romanus Jakobson
The Elementary Structures of Kinship, Claudius Lévi-Strauss
Structural Anthropology, Claudius Lévi-Strauss
Mythologiques, Claudius Lévi-Strauss
The Seminars of Jacques Lacan, Iacobus Lacan
Reading Capital, Ludovicus Althusser
S/Z, Rolandus Barthes
The order of things, Michael Foucault
À quoi reconnaît-on le structuralisme?, Gilles Deleuze (in Histoire de la philosophie, Idées, Doctrines. Vol. 8: Le XXe siècle, Lutetiae: Hachette 1973, pp. 299–335; ed, Franciscus Châtelet)

Bibliographia

Angermüller, Johannes. 2007. Nach dem Strukturalismus: Theoriediskurs und intellektuelles Feld in Frankreich. Bielefeld. ISBN 9783899428100.
Blackburn, Simon. 2008. Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. Ed, 2a, retractata. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199541430.
Brügger, Niels, et Orla Vigsø. 2008. Strukturalismus für Einsteiger. Paderborn: UTB. ISBN 3825231623.
Deliège, Robert. 2006. Une histoire de l’anthropologie: écoles, auteurs, théories. Points Essais. Lutetiae: Seuil. ISBN 9782757835609.
Dosse, François. 1991, 2012. Le champ du signe, 1945-1966. Histoire du Structuralisme, 1 Lutetiae: La Découverte. ISBN 9782707174659.
Dosse, François. 1992, 2012. Le chant du cygne, 1967 à nos jours. Histoire du Structuralisme, 2. Lutetiae: La découverte. ISN 9782707174611.
Dosse, François. 1997. Geschichte des Strukturalismus. 2 vol. Hamburgi: Junius ISBN 3885062682.
Fietz, Lothar. 1998. Strukturalismus: Eine Einführung. Ed. 3a. Tubingae: Gunter Narr Verlag.
Frank, Manfred. 1984. Was ist Neostrukturalismus? Francofurti: Suhrkamp. ISBN 3518112031.
Gallas, Helga, ed. 1972. Strukturalismus als interpretatives Verfahren. Sammlung Luchterhand, 35, ed. Hildegard Brenner. Darmstadt et Neuwied: Hermann Luchterhand Verlag.
Grübel, Rainer. 1996. Formalismus und Strukturalismus. In Grundzüge der Literaturwissenschaft, ed. Heinz Ludwig Arnold et Heinrich Detering, 386-408. Monaci: DTV.
Hénaff, Marcel. 1991, 2011. Claude Lévi-Strauss et l'anthropologie structurale. Points Essais. Lutetiae: Belfond. ISBN 9782757819340.
Jörn, Albrecht. 2000. Europäischer Strukturalismus: Ein forschungsgeschichtlicher Überblick. Tubingae: Francke.
Plumpe, Gerhard. 2007. Strukturalismus. In Historisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie, ed. Joachim Ritter et al. Basiliae: Schwabe.
Roudinesco, Élisabeth. 2008. Philosophy in Turbulent Times: Canguilhem, Sartre, Foucault Althusser, Deleuze, Derrida. Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press.
Ryan, Michael. 2005. Structuralism and Poststructuralism. New Dictionary of the History of Ideas 5:2260-2264.
Schiwy, Günther. 1969. Der französische Strukturalismus. Monaci: Beck. ISBN 3499553104.
Wahl, François, ed. 1973. Einführung in den Strukturalismus. Francofurti: Suhrkamp.

[1] Anglice: "the belief that phenomena of human life are not intelligible except through their interrelations. These relations constitute a structure, and behind local variations in the surface phenomena there are constant laws of abstract culture."

[Blackburn-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Blackburn 2008.

[d170-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Deleuze, Gilles. 2002. "How Do We Recognise Structuralism?" In Desert Islands and Other Texts 1953-1974. Trans. David Lapoujade. Ed. Michael Taormina. Semiotext(e) Foreign Agents ser. Los Angeles and New York: Semiotext(e), 2004. 170–192. ISBN 1584350180: p. 170.

[Sturrock-4] John Sturrock (1979), "Introduction," in Structuralism and since: from Lévi Strauss to Derrida.

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