Receptorium glutamati
Receptorium glutamati est receptorium neurotransmissoris synapsium neuroni locatum atque acido glutamico (glutamato)[1] neurotransmissore excitatorio cerebri primo stimulatum[2]. Haec receptoria in receptoria ionotropica, ipsa canalibus cationium servantia, et metabotropica, cum proteino G alteras canales modificantia, dividuntur. Receptoriorum ionotropicorum glutamati tres familiae notae sunt: receptoria AMPA, receptoria kainati, receptoria NMDA. Receptoria glutamati metabotropica quoque in tres greges (I-II-III) dividuntur.
In stimulando glutamato aliisque stimulis aptis neuroni receptoria Glutamati portantes, quibus grave pondus communicationis inter neuronos et formationis memoriae et eventuum discendi et ordinationis habet, neuronos postsynapticos excitant.?
Et partes excitotoxicitatis centrales receptoriorum glutamati et praevalentia ipsorum in systemate nervoso centrali cum morbis neurodegenerativis attribuuntur, nihilo setius autem attribuere suspiciuntur. Autoanticorpora contra receptoria eadem pluribus morbis coniuncta sunt veluti singulae formae morbi comitialis, Lupi erythematodis, ictuum.
Species
recensere| Species | Nomen | Agonistis[3] |
| ionotropicae | Receptoria NMDA | NMDA |
| Receptoria Kainati | Kainatum | |
| Receptoria AMPA | AMPA | |
| metabotropicae | mGluR | L-AP4, ACPD, L-QA[4] |
Ionotropicae
recensereSubunitates Receptoriorum ionotropicorum glutamati cum genis suis:[5][6]
| Familia receptoriorum | Subunitas
(nomenclatura prior) |
Genum | Chromosoma (humanum) |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMPA | GluA1 (GluR1) | GRIA1 | 5q33 |
| GluA2 (GluR2) | GRIA2 | 4q32-33 | |
| GluA3 (GluR3) | GRIA3 | Xq25-26 | |
| GluA4 (GluR4) | GRIA4 | 11q22-23 | |
| Kainatum | GluK1 (GluR5) | GRIK1 | 21q21.1-22.1 |
| GluK2 (GluR6) | GRIK2 | 6q16.3-q21 | |
| GluK3 (GluR7) | GRIK3 | 1p34-33 | |
| GluK4 (KA-1) | GRIK4 | 11q22.3 | |
| GluK5 (KA-2) | GRIK5 | 19q13.2 | |
| NMDA | GluN1(NR1) | GRIN1 | 9q34.3 |
| GluN2A (NR2A) | GRIN2A | 16p13.2 | |
| GluN2B (NR2B) | GRIN2B | 12p12 | |
| GluN2C (NR2C) | GRIN2C | 17q24-25 | |
| GluN2D (NR2D) | GRIN2D | 19q13.1qter | |
| GluN3A (NR3A) | GRIN3A | 9q31.1 | |
| GluN3B (NR3B) | GRIN3B | 19p13.3 |
Metabotropicae
recensereMammalium receptoria metabotropica glutamati mGluR# nominantur, tres greges sunt:
| Grex | Receptorium | Genum | Chromosoma (humanum) |
Effectus |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mGluR1 | GRM1 | 6q24 | Incrementum Ca2+ in cytoplasmate. |
| mGluR5 | GRM5 | 11q14.3 | Liberatio K+ ex cellula canalibus ionticis K+ | |
| 2 | mGluR2 | GRM2 | 3p21.2 | Inhibitio adenylyl cyclasis, decrementum cAMP |
| mGluR3 | GRM3 | 7q21.1-q21.2 | ||
| 3 | mGluR4 | GRM4 | 6p21.3 | Incrementum canalum ionticorum Ca2+, cum influxu Ca2+ intra cellulam[7] |
| mGluR6 | GRM6 | 5q35 | ||
| mGluR7 | GRM7 | 3p26-p25 | ||
| mGluR8 | GRM8 | 7q31.3-q32.1 |
Notae
recensere- ↑ Basis coniugata acidi glutamici.
- ↑ http://www.bristol.ac.uk/synaptic/receptors/ Receptoria Glutamati, Universitas Bristolii] (Anglice)
- ↑ Agonistis = αγωνιστής (Graece)
- ↑ Ohashi H, Maruyama T, Higashi-Matsumoto H, Nomoto T, Nishimura S, Takeuchi (2002). A novel binding assay for metabotropic glutamate receptors using [3H] L-quisqualic acid and recombinant receptors. Z Naturforsch [C] 57 (3–4): 348–55
- ↑ Dingledine R, Borges K, Bowie D, Traynelis SF (March 1999). "The glutamate receptor ion channels". Pharmacol. Rev. 51 (1): 7–61
- ↑ Andersson O, Stenqvist A, Attersand A, von Euler G (December 2001). "Nucleotide sequence, genomic organization, and chromosomal localization of genes encoding the human NMDA receptor subunits NR3A and NR3B". Genomics 78 (3): 178–84
- ↑ "Metabotropic glutamate receptors in the basal ganglia motor circuit". Nature Reviews Neuroscience 6 (10): 787–98. 2005