Formicidae
Formicidae sunt familia insectorum socialium, quae cum vespis apibusque ad ordinem Hymenoptera pertinent. E maioribus sicut vespis medio Aevo Cretaceo abhinc annorum 110 et 130 centena milia se evolverunt, atque inter se post plantas florentes ortas variaverunt. Hodie, plus quam 12 500 specierum describuntur, et zoologi plus quam 20 000 specierum exstare aestimant. Singulae formicae antennis flexis et propria conformatione quae tenue corpus medium effingit facillime agnoscuntur.
Ordo : Hymenoptera
Infraordo : Aculeata
Superfamilia : Formicoidea
Familia : Formicidae
Latreille, 1809
- Agroecomyrmecinae
- Amblyoponinae (cum Apomyrminis)
- Aneuretinae
- Brachymyrmex
- Cerapachyinae
- Dolichoderinae
- Ecitoninae (cum Dorylinis et Aenictinis)
- Ectatomminae
- Formicinae
- Heteroponerinae
- Leptanillinae
- Leptanilloidinae
- Martialinae
- Myrmeciinae (cum Nothomyrmeciinis)
- Myrmicinae
- Paraponerinae
- Ponerinae
- Proceratiinae
- Pseudomyrmecinae
Cladogramma subfamiliarum formicarum
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Phylogenia subfamiliarum formicarum exstantium.[1][2]
Area geographica et diversitas
recensere| Regio | Numerus specierum[3] |
|---|---|
| Oecozona Neotropica | 2162 |
| Oecozona Nearctica | 580 |
| Europa | 180 |
| Africa | 2500 |
| Asia | 2080 |
| Melanesia | 275 |
| Australia | 985 |
| Polynesia | 42 |
Formicidae in omnibus continentibus praeter Antarcticam habitant; et solum paucae insulae, sicut Groenlandia, Islandia, et partes Insularum Havaiianarum et ceterarum Polynesiae insularum endemicis formicidarum speciebus carent.[4][5]
Notae
recensere- ↑ Ward, Philip S. (2007). "Phylogeny, classification, and species-level taxonomy of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa 1668: 549–563.
- ↑ Rabeling C., Brown J. M. & Verhaagh M. (2008). "Newly discovered sister lineage sheds light on early ant evolution". PNAS 105 (39): 14913.
- ↑ Hölldobler & Wilson (1990), p. 4
- ↑ Jones, Alice S. "Fantastic ants - Did you know?". National Geographic Magazine
- ↑ Thomas, Philip (2007). "Pest Ants in Hawaii". Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).
Bibliographia
recensere- Philip S. Ward et al., "The evolution of myrmicine ants: phylogeny and biogeography of a hyperdiverse ant clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" in Systematic Entomology vol. 40 (2015) pp. 61-80