Paraquat
Paraquat,[1] nomine triviali, vel rite N,N′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloridum, nomine systematico, est compositum organicum cuius formula chemica est [(C6H7N)2]Cl2. Solidum flavum,[2] viologenum describitur, familiae heterocyclorum redox-activorum structuram similem habentium. Hic sal est unus ex herbicidis latissimis adhibitis. Cito et generatim agit, texturam plantarum contactu torrens, hominibus et animalibus quoque toxicum. Coniungitur ad progressum morbi Parkinsoniani.[3][4] Nomen a locis para in exemplaribus substitutionibus arene cationtis ammonii quaternarii nitrogenii derivatur. Quantitates aliquando dicuntur per massam cationtum solum (cation paraquat, ion paraquat); alii sales, cum aliis aniontibus praeter chloridum, fiunt. Eius actio redox, quae anionta superoxidi giginit, revera est toxicitatis causa.
Diagramma synthesis chemicae recensere
Notae recensere
- ↑ Etiam Paraquat dichloride, Methyl viologen dichloride, Crisquat, Dexuron, Esgram, Gramuron, Ortho Paraquat CL, Para-col, Pillarxone, Tota-col, Toxer Total, PP148, Cyclone, Gramixel, Gramoxone, Pathclear, et AH 501 in commercio appellatum.
- ↑ "Paraquat (Paraquat dichloride)," in NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).
- ↑ "Two pesticides—rotenone and paraquat -- linked to Parkinson's disease, study suggests". sciencedaily.com. 2011.
- ↑ Kamel 2013.
Bibliographia recensere
- Kamel, F. 2013. Paths from Pesticides to Parkinson's. Science 341(6147):722–723. PMID 23950519. doi:10.1126/science.1243619.
- Slade, P. 1966. The Fate of Paraquat Applied to Plants. Weed Research 6(2):158. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1966.tb00876.x.
- Smith, S. N., A. J. E. Lyon, et Ismail Sahid. 1976. The Breakdown of Paraquat and Diquat by Soil Fungi. New Phytologist 77(3):735. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1976.tb04668.x.
Nexus externi recensere
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. www.cdc.gov Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
- Paradox Product. www.sinon.com (Sinon do Brasil).
- The Paraquat Information Center. www.paraquat.com (Syngenta Crop Protection AG).
- Stop Paraquat. www.evb.ch (Erklärung von Bern)