Charaxes
Charaxes est genus typicus Charaxinarum, papilionum subfamiliae Nymphalidarum.[1][2] Ad tribum Charaxinos pertinet, inter quos papiliones generis Polyura etiam digeruntur. Charaxes sunt papiliones tropici Mundi Veteris, quibus est multo maximam diversitatem in Africa sub-Saharana, minor numerus ab Asia Meridiana ad Melanesiam et Australiam, et unica species (Charaxes jasius) in Europa. Charaxes sunt volatores validi vivideque colorati, collectoribusque insectorum gratissimi.
Ordo : Lepidoptera
Familia : Nymphalidae
Subfamilia : Charaxinae
Tribus : Charaxini
Genus : Charaxes
Ochsenheimer, 1816
- Eriboea Hübner, [1819]
- Jasia Swainson, 1832
- Monura Mabille, 1877
- Haridra Moore, [1880]
- Zingha Hemming, 1939
- Hadrodontes Stoneham, 1964
- Stonehamia Cowan, 1968
Descriptio imaginis
recensereCharaxibus adultis sunt thorax et abdomen robusta. Eorum latitudo alarum est ab 8 ad 10 fere cm. Primi alarum superiorum colores a fusco ad nigrum et pallescentem variant. Notae alarum esse possunt maculae, fasciae, vel vittae albae, aurantiae, vel caeruleae. Aliis speciebus sunt maculae caeruleae metallicae, aliis nitor generatim metallicus iridescens. Charaxes zingha partim ruber, Charaxes eupale viridula est. Mares complexus specierum Charaxis etheoclis plerumque sunt nigri, quam ob causam Charaxes nigri vulgo appellari solent.
Species
recensereIn litteris vetustioribus, nonnullae Polyurae, sicut Polyura dolon, in Charxes poni poterant.
Species in oecozona Afrotropica non inventae
recensere- Charaxes affinis Butler, [1866]
- Charaxes amycus C. & R. Felder, 1861
- Charaxes antonius Semper, 1878
- Charaxes aristogiton C. & R. Felder, [1867]
- Charaxes bernardus (Fabricius, 1793)
- Charaxes borneensis Butler, 1869
- Charaxes bupalus Staudinger, 1889
- Charaxes distanti Honrath, [1885]
- Charaxes durnfordi Distant, 1884
- Charaxes elwesi Joicey & Talbot, 1922
- Charaxes eurialus (Cramer, [1775])
- Charaxes fervens Butler, 1896
- Charaxes harmodius C. & R. Felder, [1867]
- Charaxes kahruba (Moore, [1895])
- Charaxes latona Butler, [1866]
- Charaxes marmax Westwood, 1847
- Charaxes mars Staudinger, 1885
- Charaxes musashi Tsukada, 1991
- Charaxes nitebis (Hewitson, 1859)
- Charaxes ocellatus Fruhstorfer, 1896
- Charaxes orilus Butler, 1869
- Charaxes plateni Staudinger, 1889
- Charaxes psaphon Westwood, 1847
- Charaxes setan Detani, 1983
- Charaxes solon (Fabricius, 1793)
Species in oecozona Afrotropica inventae
recenserePer abecedarium perscriptae.[1][3]
- Charaxes achaemenes
- Charaxes acraeoides
- Charaxes acuminatus
- Charaxes alpinus
- Charaxes alticola
- Charaxes amandae
- Charaxes ameliae
- Charaxes analava
- Charaxes andara
- Charaxes andranodorus
- Charaxes angelae
- Charaxes ansorgei
- Charaxes antamboulou
- Charaxes anticlea
- Charaxes antiquus
- Charaxes aubyni
- Charaxes baileyi
- Charaxes balfourii
- Charaxes barnsi
- Charaxes baumanni
- Charaxes berkeleyi
- Charaxes bernardii
- Charaxes bernstorffi
- Charaxes bipunctatus
- Charaxes blanda
- Charaxes bocqueti
- Charaxes bohemani
- Charaxes boueti
- Charaxes brainei
- Charaxes brutus
- Charaxes cacuthis
- Charaxes candiope
- Charaxes carteri
- Charaxes castor
- Charaxes catachrous
- Charaxes cedreatis
- Charaxes chanleri
- Charaxes chepalunga
- Charaxes chevroti
- Charaxes chintechi
- Charaxes chunguensis
- Charaxes cithaeron
- Charaxes congdoni
- Charaxes contrarius
- Charaxes cowani
- Charaxes cynthia
- Charaxes defulvata
- Charaxes dilutus
- Charaxes diversiforma
- Charaxes doubledayi
- Charaxes dowsetti
- Charaxes dreuxi
- Charaxes druceanus
- Charaxes dubiosus
- Charaxes ephyra
- Charaxes etesipe
- Charaxes ethalion
- Charaxes etheocles
- Charaxes eudoxus
- Charaxes eupale
- Charaxes figini
- Charaxes fionae
- Charaxes fournierae
- Charaxes fulgurata
- Charaxes fulvescens
- Charaxes fuscus
- Charaxes galawadiwosi
- Charaxes gallagheri
- Charaxes galleyanus
- Charaxes gerdae
- Charaxes grahamei
- Charaxes guderiana
- Charaxes hadrianus
- Charaxes hansali
- Charaxes hildebrandti
- Charaxes howarthi
- Charaxes imperialis
- Charaxes jahlusa
- Charaxes jasius
- Charaxes jolybouyeri
- Charaxes junius
- Charaxes kahldeni
- Charaxes karkloof
- Charaxes kheili
- Charaxes kirki
- Charaxes lactetinctus
- Charaxes larseni
- Charaxes lasti
- Charaxes lecerfi
- Charaxes legeri
- Charaxes lemosi
- Charaxes loandae
- Charaxes lucretius
- Charaxes lucyae
- Charaxes lycurgus
- Charaxes lydiae
- Charaxes macclounii
- Charaxes mafuga
- Charaxes manica
- Charaxes margaretae
- Charaxes marieps
- Charaxes martini
- Charaxes matakall
- Charaxes mccleeryi
- Charaxes mixtus
- Charaxes monteiri
- Charaxes montis
- Charaxes mtui[4]
- Charaxes murphyi
- Charaxes musakensis
- Charaxes mycerina
- Charaxes nandina
- Charaxes nicati
- Charaxes nichetes
- Charaxes nobilis
- Charaxes northcotti
- Charaxes numenes
- Charaxes nyikensis
- Charaxes obudoensis
- Charaxes octavus
- Charaxes odysseus
- Charaxes opinatus
- Charaxes overlaeti
- Charaxes paphianus
- Charaxes paradoxa
- Charaxes pelias
- Charaxes pembanus
- Charaxes penricei
- Charaxes petersi
- Charaxes phaeus
- Charaxes phenix
- Charaxes phoebus
- Charaxes phraortes
- Charaxes plantroui
- Charaxes pleione
- Charaxes pollux
- Charaxes pondoensis
- Charaxes porthos
- Charaxes prettejohni
- Charaxes protoclea
- Charaxes pseudophaeus
- Charaxes pythodoris
- Charaxes richelmanni
- Charaxes saperanus
- Charaxes schiltzei
- Charaxes sidamo
- Charaxes smaragdalis
- Charaxes subornatus
- Charaxes subrubidus
- Charaxes superbus
- Charaxes taverniersi
- Charaxes tectonis
- Charaxes teissieri
- Charaxes thomasius
- Charaxes thysi
- Charaxes tiridates
- Charaxes turlini
- Charaxes usambarae
- Charaxes vansoni
- Charaxes varanes
- Charaxes variata
- Charaxes velox
- Charaxes viola
- Charaxes violetta
- Charaxes viossati
- Charaxes virescens
- Charaxes virilis
- Charaxes williami
- Charaxes xiphares
- Charaxes zambeziensis
- Charaxes zelica
- Charaxes zingha
- Charaxes zoolina
Notae
recensere- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Woodhall 2005.
- ↑ Braby 2004:174–175.
- ↑ Charaxes, funet.fi.
- ↑ Sp. nov. "Endemic species of butterfly discovered at Kihansi,"[nexus deficit] IPP Media.
Bibliographia
recensere- Aduse-Poku, K., E. Vingerhoedt, et N. Wahlberg. 2009. Out-of-Africa again: a phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on five gene regions. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 53(2):463–478. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.06.021.
- Braby, Michael F. 2004. Complete Field Guide to Butterflies of Australia. CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 0643090274.
- Woodhall, Steve. 2005. Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Cape Town: Struik Publishers.
Bibliographia addita
recensere- Darge, Philippe. 1983. Fauna of Cameroon: The genus Charaxes. Sciences Nat. (Venette) 1–136, pl. 1–43.
- Henning, Stephen Frank. 1989. The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa. Johannesburg: Aloe Books. ISBN 0620128119.
- Müller, Chris J., Niklas Wahlberg, et Luciano B. Beheregaray. 2010. "After Africa": the evolutionary history and systematics of the genus Charaxes Ochsenheimer (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the Indo-Pacific region. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 100(2):457–481.
- Plantrou, Jacques. 1973. Note sur les Charaxes de l’Afrique occidentale, 1 (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 78(7-8):268–276.
- Plantrou, Jacques. 1974. Note sur les Charaxes de l’Afrique occidentale, 2 (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 79(5–6):125–131.
- Plantrou, Jacques. 1983. Systématique biogéographie et évolution des Charaxes africains (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lutetiae: École normale supérieure, Laboratoire de zoologie. Series: Publications du Laboratoire de zoologie, École normale supérieure, no 25. ISBN 9782728800926
- Rothschild, Walter, et Karl Jordan. 1898. A monograph of Charaxes and the allied prionopterous genera. Novitates Zoologicae 5:545–601
- Turlin, Bernard. 2005-2007. Butterflies of the World, ed. Erich Bauer et Thomas Franckenbach. Partes 22, 25, 28, 32, Charaxes 1–4. Goecke & Evers. ISBN 9783937783321.
- Van Someren, Victor Gurney Logan. 1963–1975. Revisional Notes on the African Charaxes. Partes 1–10, pp. 652, pl. 148.
Nexus externi
recensereVide "Charaxes" apud Vicispecies. |
Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Charaxes spectant. |
- Charaxes, eol.org (EOL)
- Imagines, www.barcodinglife.org (Consortium for the Barcode of Life)
- Pteron, www.petron-world.com (lingua Iaponiensi)
- Vingerhoedt, Eric. African Charaxes, www.charaxes.be