Testudines

Testudines sunt animalia classis reptilium, quibus est praecipua testa ossea vel cartilaginea, ex eorum costis evoluta et scutum agendum.^[3] Ordo species ambas exstantis exstinctasque comprehendit. Primae huius gregis species Iurassico medio ortae sunt,^[2] qua pro causa testudines sunt unus ex veterrimis reptilium gregibus, atque anguibus crocodiliisque antiquior. Ex 356 speciebus notis^[1] quae hodie in vita sunt, nonnullae in periculum addicuntur.^[1]

Terrapene carolina

Animalia — Chordata

Classis : Reptilia
Ordo : Testudines
Batsch, 1788^[1]

Palaeontologia

Iurassico medio – Praesens,^[2] Aalenian–Holocaenum

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Subdivisiones: Subgreges

Cryptodira

Pleurodira

†Paracryptodira

Synonyma

* Chelonii Latreille 1800

Chelonia Ross and Macartney 1802

Territorium

Distributio geographica: caeruleus, testudines maritimi; niger, testudines terrestres

Testudines sunt ectothermi—animalia vulgo poikilothermi appellata—quod significat eorum temperaturam internum cum temperatura ambiente variare. Corporea autem Dermochelytis coriaceae temperatura, propter eius altam proportionem metabolicam, aqua circumpatenti insigniter altior est. Testudines amniota classificantur, cum aliis reptilibus, avibus, et mammalibus. Aliorum amniotorum similes, aerem suspirant, et ova in aqua non pariunt, quamquam multae species in aut prope aquam habitant.

Classificatio

Ordo Testudines Linnaeus, 1758

Subordo Pleurodira Cope, 1864
- Familia †Apertotemporalidae Kühne, 1937
- Familia †Platychelyidae Brän, 1965 sensu Gaffney, Tong & Buffetaut, 2006
- Familia †Dortokidae Lapparent de Broin & Murelaga, 1996
- Familia †Notoemyidae Fernandez & Fuente, 1994
- Superfamilia Cheloides Gray, 1825 sensu Gaffney, Tong & Buffetaut, 2006
  - Familia Chelidae Gray, 1825
- Superfamilia Pelomedusoides Cope, 1868 sensu Broin 1988
  - Familia †Araripemydidae Price, 1973
  - Familia Pelomedusidae
  - Familia †Euraxemydidae Gaffney, Tong & Buffetaut, 2006
  - Familia †Bothremydidae Baur, 1891
  - Familia Podocnemididae Cope, 1868
Subordo Cryptodira Duméril & Bibron, 1835
- Infraordo Eucryptodira Gaffney, 1975a sensu Gaffney, 1984
  - Familia †Macrobaenidae Sukhanov 1964
  - Familia †Eurysternidae Dollo, 1886
  - Familia †Plesiochelyidae Baur, 1888
  - Familia †Xinjiangchelyidae Nesov, 1990
  - Cladus Centrocryptodira
    - Familia †Osteopygidae Zangerl, 1953
    - Familia †Sinemydidae Yeh, 1963
  - Cladus Polycryptodira Gaffney, 1988
    - Cladus Pantrionychia
      - Familia †Adocidae
      - Superfamilia Trionychoidea Gray, 1870
        Familia Carettochelyidae Boulenger, 1887
        
        Familia Trionychidae Fitzinger, 1826
      - Superfamilia Testudinoidea Baur, 1893
        Familia †Haichemydidae Sukhanov & Narmandakh, 2006
        
        Familia †Lindholmemydidae Chkhikvadze, 1970
        
        Familia †Sinochelyidae Chkhikvadze, 1970
        
        Familia Emydidae (Rafinesque, 1815)
        
        Familia Geoemydidae Theobald, 1868
        
        Familia Testudinidae Batsch, 1788
      - Cladus Americhelydia Crawford et al., 2014
        Familia Chelydridae Gray, 1831
        
        Superfamilis Kinosternoidea Joyce, Parham, and Gauthier 2004
        Familia Dermatemydidae Gray, 1870
        
        Familia Kinosternidae Agassiz, 1857
        
        Superfamilia Chelonioidea Bauer, 1893
        Familia †Toxochelyidae Baur, 1895
        
        Familia Cheloniidae Oppel, 1811
        
        Familia†Thalassemydidae
        
        Familia Dermochelyidae Fitzinger, 1843
        
        Familia †Protostegidae Cope, 1872
Cladus †Paracryptodira
- Familia †Pleurosternidae Cope, 1868
- Familia †Compsemyidae
- Familia †Baenidae Cope, 1882

Notae

Testudo maritimus in Henry Doorly Zoo Omahae Nebrascae.

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (2017). Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (ed. octava).. 7. pp. 1–292. ISBN 9781532350269 .
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Joyce, Walter G. (2017). "A review of the fossil record of basal Mesozoic turtles". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 58 (1): 65–113 .
↑ Hutchinson 1996.

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Bibliographia addita

Pritchard, Peter Charles Howard.1979. Encyclopedia of turtles. Neptunus Novae Caesareae: T. F. H. Publications. ISBN 978-0-87666-918-1. Editio interretialis.
Wyneken, Jeanette, Matthew H. Godfrey, et Vincent Bels, eds. 2008. Biology of turtles. Boca Raton Floridae: CRC Press. ISBN 9780849333392, ISBN 0849333393.

Nexus externi

Lege de Turtle in Vicilibris.

"Recipes from Another Time." 2001. Smithsonian Magazine.
"Chelonian studbook."
"Biogeography and Phylogeny of the Chelonia."
De evolutione testae testudinis. New Scientist.

[TTWG2017-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (2017). Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (ed. octava).. 7. pp. 1–292. ISBN 9781532350269 .

[Joyc17-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Joyce, Walter G. (2017). "A review of the fossil record of basal Mesozoic turtles". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 58 (1): 65–113 .

[3] Hutchinson 1996.

[3]

[2]

[1]