Substantia P

Substantia P (etiam abbreviatura SP) est peptidum undecim aminoacidorum, ita hendecapeptidum. Attribuitur substantia P familiae tachykininorum, quo substantia P inter cetera tachykinina abundissimum in corpore apparet. Ut cetera tachykinina substantia P quoque effectus suos receptoriis tachykinini exercet, imprimis receptorio tachykini 1 (NK₁).

Cave: notitiae huius paginae nec praescriptiones nec consilia medica sunt.

Invenitur substantia P neurotransmissor in partibus systematum nervosorum et centralis et peripherici, quibus liberatur SP de nervorum sensoriorum terminalibus. Munus eius est neurotransmissor in apparatu digestorio^[1] et nervo vago. SP effectus sunt salivationis incrementum, musculorum levium contractio.

Putatur, ut alia munera sint secundum inflammationem et vulnerum curationem^[2].

Partes effectuum substantiae P ope obsidionis receptorii NK₁ inhiberi potest (antagonista receptorii NK1, per exemplum antiemeticum Aprepitantum).

De substantiae P natura

Molecula

Substantia P est hendecapeptidum, quod est catena ex undecim aminoacidis composita:

H-Arg¹-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met¹¹-NH₂

Synthesis

SP de geno TAC1 praeprotachykinini 1 (TAC₁), denique ab molecula praecurrente derivatur: Praecursori huic aliud aminoacidum Glycinum inest (SP-Gly, SP-G), quod post translationem dissecatur. Dissectioni enzymaticae, peptidylglycini alpha amida dantis monooxygenasis (PAM) ope^[3], vitaminum C et cuprum (Cu⁺⁺) necesse est^[4].

Praeprotachykininum (TAC₁)

Praeprotachykini genum in hominibus in chromosomate 7 locato (7q21-22) locatum est.

Physiologia

In corpore substantia P neurotransmissor agit.

Distributio substantiae P in corpore

Invenitur substantia P neurotransmissor afferentium fibrarum nervalium nonnullis in partibus systematum nervosorum et centralis et peripherici^[5].

In systemate nervoso centrali

Synapses substantiam P continentes in utroque medullae spinalis cornu dorsali abunde (20% omnium cellularum eorum cornuum) demonstratae sunt. Adveniunt in cornus laminis zonis extremis (laminis I et II) nervorum sensoriorum in anxietate doloreque^[6] axones^[7], processus quorum in epidermi atque vasorum glandularumque parietibus oriuntur.

Ut in medulla spinali fibrae nervales substantiam P continentes in substantiam gelatinosam nuclei spinalis nervi trigemini proficiscuntur^[8].

Praeterea demonstrata est substantia P in cerebri utraque substantia nigra (nucleis basalibus) et utroque corpore amygdaloideo (parte mediali).

In sytemate nervoso peripherico

Multipliciter reperiuntur substantia P in fibris nervosis sensoriis tenuioribus et in systemate nervoso enterico.

Effectus physiologici

Effectus sunt excitantes^[9] cum tardioribus et ascensu et descensu.

Historia

Substantia P primum anno 1931 ab Ulf von Euler et Ioanne Gaddum descripta est^[10].

Notae

↑ Hökfelt T., Pernow B., Wahren J. (Ian 2001). "Substance P: a pioneer amongst neuropeptides". Journal of internal medicine 249 (1): 27-40
↑ Suvas S. (Sep 2017). "Role of Substance P Neuropeptide in Inflammation, Wound Healing, and Tissue Homeostasis". Journal of immunology 199 (5): 1543-52
↑ Jeng A. Y., Fujimoto R. A., et al. (Iun 1997). "Suppression of substance P biosynthesis in sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglion by prodrug esters of potent peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase inhibitors". The journal of biological chemistry 272 (23): 14666-71
↑ Wong M., Jeng A. Y. (Ian 1994). "Posttranslational modification of glycine-extended substance P by an alpha-amidating enzyme in cultured sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia". Journal of neuroscience research 37 (1): 97-102
↑ Ribeiro-da-Silva A., Hökfelt T. (Oct 2000). "Neuroanatomical localisation of Substance P in the CNS and sensory neurons". Neuropeptides 34 (5): 256-71
↑ Substance P in traumatic brain injury
↑ Charnay Y., Paulin C., et al. (Sep 1983). "Distribution of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of the human foetus and infant". Neuroscience 10 (1): 41-55
↑ Priestley J.V., Somogyi P., Cuello A. C. (Oct 1982). "Immunocytochemical localization of substance P in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the rat: a light and electron microscopic study". The journal of comparative neurology 211 (1): 31-49
↑ Otsuka M., Konishi S., et al. (1976). "Substance P and primary afferent transmission". Advances in biomedical psychopharmacology 15: 187-91
↑ Euler U. S. V., Gaddum J.H. (Iun 1931). "An unidentified depressor substance in certain tissue extracts". The journal of physiology 72 (1): 74-87

Nexus interni

Nexus externi

Britannica.com de Substantia P (Anglice)

stipula

Haec stipula ad biologiam spectat. Amplifica, si potes!

[1] Hökfelt T., Pernow B., Wahren J. (Ian 2001). "Substance P: a pioneer amongst neuropeptides". Journal of internal medicine 249 (1): 27-40

[2] Suvas S. (Sep 2017). "Role of Substance P Neuropeptide in Inflammation, Wound Healing, and Tissue Homeostasis". Journal of immunology 199 (5): 1543-52

[3] Jeng A. Y., Fujimoto R. A., et al. (Iun 1997). "Suppression of substance P biosynthesis in sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglion by prodrug esters of potent peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase inhibitors". The journal of biological chemistry 272 (23): 14666-71

[4] Wong M., Jeng A. Y. (Ian 1994). "Posttranslational modification of glycine-extended substance P by an alpha-amidating enzyme in cultured sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia". Journal of neuroscience research 37 (1): 97-102

[5] Ribeiro-da-Silva A., Hökfelt T. (Oct 2000). "Neuroanatomical localisation of Substance P in the CNS and sensory neurons". Neuropeptides 34 (5): 256-71

[6] Substance P in traumatic brain injury

[7] Charnay Y., Paulin C., et al. (Sep 1983). "Distribution of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of the human foetus and infant". Neuroscience 10 (1): 41-55

[8] Priestley J.V., Somogyi P., Cuello A. C. (Oct 1982). "Immunocytochemical localization of substance P in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the rat: a light and electron microscopic study". The journal of comparative neurology 211 (1): 31-49

[9] Otsuka M., Konishi S., et al. (1976). "Substance P and primary afferent transmission". Advances in biomedical psychopharmacology 15: 187-91

[10] Euler U. S. V., Gaddum J.H. (Iun 1931). "An unidentified depressor substance in certain tissue extracts". The journal of physiology 72 (1): 74-87

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