Regnum Medium Aegypti

aevum in historia Aegypti antiquae inter 2050 a.C.n. et 1710 a.C.n.

Regnum medium Aegypti (etiam aevum refectionis appellatum) est aevum in historia Aegypti antiquae inter 2050 a.C.n. et 1710 a.C.n. fere, quod a refectione civitatis sub Mentuhotep II rege domus undecimae impulsa ad finem domus duodecimae et postea durabat. Huic aevo sunt binae vices principales: domus undecima, quae e Thebis regnabat, domusque duodecima et postea, quae suam sedem loco ignoto ad Itjtawy in Faiyum regione prope sepulcretum el-Lisht habebat.

Statua Osiridica Mentuhotep II, primi pharaonis Regni Medii.
Caput statuae Senusret I.
Caput statuae Sesostris (Senusret III).
Statua Sobekhotep V ad genua procumbentis, unius e pharaonibus deficientium Regni Medii annorum.
Exemplar fictile domus Regni Medii. Museum Lupariense.
Caput et corpus mulieris nobilis, circa 1844–1837 a.C.n. Museum Brooklynense.

Notio quae dicit "regnum medium" fuisse unam ex tribus aetatibus aureis a Barone von Bunsen, Aegyptologo Germanico, anno 1845 excogitata est, et saeculis undevicensimo et vicensimo magnopere mutata est.[1] Nonnulli eruditi domum tredecimam Aegypti huic aevo omnino attribuunt, ut regnum medium circa 1650 a.C.n. finiret, sed alii hanc domum in tempus Merneferre Ay circa 1700 a.C.n. ponunt, ultimum huius domus regem eodem tempore in Aegypto superiore et inferiore attestatum. Per aevum regni medii, Osiris deitas maximi momenti in religione populari factus est.[2] Post regnum medium coepit aevum secundum intermediatum Aegypti, aliud divisionis tempus, cum Hyksos (Graece Ὑκσώς, Ὑξώς) fortasse ex Asia Occidentali terras Aegyptias invadebant.

Nexus interni

Notae recensere

  1. Schneider, Thomas (27 Augusti 2008). "Periodizing Egyptian History: Manetho, Convention, and Beyond". In Klaus-Peter Adam. Historiographie in der Antike. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-020672-2 .
  2. David 2002: 156.

Bibliographia recensere

  • Aldred, Cyril. 1987. The Egyptians. Londinii: Thames and Hudson.
  • Arnold, Dorothea. 1991. Amenemhet I and the Early Twelfth Dynasty at Thebes. Metropolitan Museum Journal 26. doi:10.2307/1512902.
  • Bell, Barbara. 1975. Climate and the History of Egypt: The Middle Kingdom. American Journal of Archaeology 79 (3): 223–269. Archaeological Institute of America. JSTOR 503481.
  • David, Rosalie. 2002. Religion and Magic in Ancient Egypt. Penguin Books.
  • Erman, Adolf. 2005. Ancient Egyptian Literature: A Collection of Poems, Narratives and Manuals of Instructions from the Third and Second Millennia BC. Conv. Aylward M. Blackman. Novi Eboraci: Kegan Paul. ISBN 0710309643.
  • Foster, John L. 2001. Ancient Egyptian Literature: An Anthology. University of Texas Press. ISBN 0292725272.
  • Gardiner, Alan. 1964. Egypt of the Pharaohs. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.
  • Grajetzki, Wolfram. 2006. The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt. Gerald Duckworth & Co. ISBN 0715634356.
  • Grimal, Nicolas. 1988. A History of Ancient Egypt. Lutetiae: Librairie Arthéme Fayard.
  • Habachi, Labib. 1963. King Nebhepetre Menthuhotep: his monuments, place in history, deification and unusual representations in form of gods. Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte 19: 16–52.
  • Hayes, William. 1953. Notes on the Government of Egypt in the Late Middle Kingdom. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 12: 31–39. doi:10.1086/371108.
  • Morenz, Ludwid D. 2003. Literature as a Construction of the Past in the Middle Kingdom. In "Never Had the Like Occurred": Egypt's View of Its Past, ed. John W. Tait, conv. Martin Worthington, 101–118. Londinii: University College London, Institute of Archaeology, impressio Cavendish Publishing Limited. ISBN 1844720071.
  • Murnane, William J. 1977. Ancient Egyptian Coregencies. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization. 40. Sicagi: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. ISBN 0918986036.
  • Parkinson, R. B. 2002. Poetry and Culture in Middle Kingdom Egypt: A Dark Side to Perfection. Londinii: Continuum. ISBN 0826456375.
  • Redford, Donald. 1992. Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691000867.
  • Richards, Janet. 2005. Society and Death in Ancient Egypt. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521840333.
  • Shaw, Ian. 2000. The Oxford history of ancient Egypt. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192804588.
  • Shaw, Ian, et Paul Nicholson. 1995. The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt. Londinii: Thames and Hudson.
  • Simpson, William Kelly. 1972. The Literature of Ancient Egypt: An Anthology of Stories, Instructions, and Poetry.' Conv. R. O. Faulkner, Edward F. Wente, Jr., et William Kelly Simpson. Portu Novo et Londinii: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300014821.
  • Teeter, Emily. 1994. Egyptian Art. Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies 20(1): 14–31. Art Institute of Chicago. doi:10.2307/4112949. JSTOR 4112949.
  • Trigger, B., Barry Kemp, David O'Connor, et Alan Lloyd. 1983. Ancient Egypt: A Social History. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
  • Wegner, Josef. 1996. The Nature and Chronology of the Senwosret III–Amenemhat III Regnal Succession: Some Considerations Based on New Evidence from the Mortuary Temple of Senwosret III at Abydos. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 55: 249–79. doi:10.1086/373863.

Opera addita recensere

  • Allen, James P. 2015. Middle Egyptian Literature: Eight Literary Works of the Middle Kingdom. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bourriau, Janine. 1988. Pharaohs and Mortals: Egyptian Art in the Middle Kingdom. Cantabrigiae: Fitzwilliam Museum.
  • Grajetzki, Wolfgang. 2006. The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt: History, Archaeology and Society. Bristolii: Golden House.
  • Kemp, Barry J. 2006. Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization. Ed. secunda. Londinii: Routledge.
  • Oppenheim, Adela, Dieter Arnold, et Kei Yamamoto. 2015. Ancient Egypt Transformed: The Middle Kingdom. Novi Eboraci: Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Padró, Josep. 1999. Historia del Egipto Faraónico. Alianza Editorial. ISBN 8420681903
  • Parkinson, Richard B. 1991. Voices From Ancient Egypt: An Anthology of Middle Kingdom Writings. Normanniae: University of Oklahoma Press.
  • Parkinson, Richard B. 2002. Poetry and Culture in Middle Kingdom Egypt: A Dark Side to Perfection. Londinii: Continuum.
  • Serrano Delgado, José Miguel. 1993. Textos para la Historia Antigua de Egipto. Ediciones Cátedra, S.A. ISBN 8437612195
  • Szpakowska, Kasia. 2008. Daily Life in Ancient Egypt. Oxoniae: Blackwell.
  • Tallet, Pierre. 2005. Sésostris III et la fin de la XIIe dynastie,. Lutetiae: Pygmalion, coll. Les grands pharaons. ISBN 9782857048510.
  • Wendrich, Willeke, ed. 2010. Egyptian Archaeology. Chichester Angliae: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Willems, Harco. 2008. Les textes des sarcophages et la démocratie: éléments d'une histoire culturelle du Moyen Empire égyptien. Lutetiae: Éditions Cybele. ISBN 9782915840063.