Chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum (Graece χρυσός 'aurum' + ἄνθεμον 'flos'^[4]^[5]) est genus plantarum florentium familiae Asteracearum, quae in Asia Orientali et Europa Septentrionali Orientalique endemicae sunt. Plurimae species ex Asia Orientali exoriuntur, centro diversitatis in Sinis sito.^[6] Permultae cultivarietates hortis aptae hodie videntur.

Vexillum imperatoris Iaponiae
Arma heraldica in Mikasa, navi longa Classis Imperialis Iaponiensis
Certamen chrysanthemorum Castellae Nagoya (2018)

Chrysanthemum × morifolium

Plantae

Ordo : Asterales
Familia : Asteraceae
Subfamilia : Asteroideae
Supertribus : Asterodae
Tribus : Anthemideae
Genus : Chrysanthemum
L.

Synonyma

* Chrysanthemum subsect. Dendranthema (DC.) DC. ex Kitam.

Neuractis Cass.
Pyrethrum sect. Dendranthema DC.
Leucanthemum (Tourn.) L.
Dendranthema (DC.) Des Moul.

Species typica

Chrysanthemum indicum L.^[1]^[2]

Historica chrysanthemorum pictura in *New International Encyclopedia* (1902).

Species

Plants of the World Online species sequentis mense Februario anni 2020 approbavit.^[7]

Chrysanthemum aphrodite Kitam.
Chrysanthemum arcticum L.
Chrysanthemum argyrophyllum Ling
Chrysanthemum arisanense Hayata
Chrysanthemum chalchingolicum Grubov
Chrysanthemum chanetii H.Lév.
Chrysanthemum crassum (Kitam.) Kitam.
Chrysanthemum cuneifolium Kitam.
Chrysanthemum daucifolium Pers.
Chrysanthemum dichrum (C.Shih) H. Ohashi & Yonek.
Chrysanthemum foliaceum (G. F. Peng, C. Shih & S. Q. Zhang) J. M.Wang & Y. T.Hou
Chrysanthemum glabriusculum (W.W.Sm.) Hand.-Mazz.
Chrysanthemum horaimontanum Masam.
Chrysanthemum hypargyreum Diels
Chrysanthemum indicum L.
Chrysanthemum integrifolium Richardson
Chrysanthemum japonicum (Maxim.) Makino
Chrysanthemum × konoanum Makino
Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium Makino
Chrysanthemum leucanthum (Makino) Makino
Chrysanthemum longibracteatum (C.Shih, G.F.Peng & S.Y.Jin) J.M.Wang & Y.T.Hou
Chrysanthemum maximoviczii Kom.
Chrysanthemum miyatojimense Kitam.
Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl.
Chrysanthemum morii Hayata
Chrysanthemum naktongense Nakai
Chrysanthemum ogawae Kitam.
Chrysanthemum okiense Kitam.
Chrysanthemum oreastrum Hance
Chrysanthemum ornatum Hemsl.
Chrysanthemum parvifolium C. C. Chang
Chrysanthemum potentilloides Hand.-Mazz.
Chrysanthemum rhombifolium (Y. Ling & C. Shih) H. Ohashi & Yonek.
Chrysanthemum × rubellum Sealy
Chrysanthemum × shimotomaii Makino
Chrysanthemum sinuatum Ledeb.
Chrysanthemum vestitum (Hemsl.) Kitam.
Chrysanthemum yantaiense M. Sun & J. T. Chen
Chrysanthemum yoshinaganthum Makino
Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich
Chrysanthemum zhuozishanense L. Q. Zhao & Jie Yang

Species sequentes in hoc genus olim digerebantur.

Chrysanthemum carinatum = Ismelia carinata
Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium = Tanacetum cinerariifolium
Chrysanthemum coccineum = Tanacetum coccineum
Chrysanthemum coronarium = Glebionis coronaria
Chrysanthemum frutescens = Argyranthemum frutescens
Chrysanthemum maximum = Leucanthemum maximum
Chrysanthemum pacificum = Ajania pacifica
Chrysanthemum segetum = Glebionis segetum

Pinacotheca

Gemma chrysanthemi hortensis
Chrysanthemum × morifolium 'Tokyo'
Chrysanthemum purpureum
Chrysanthemum × morifolium roseum
Chrysanthemum rubrum
Chrysanthemum album
Chrysanthemum × morifolium 'Vesuvius'
Chrysanthemum zawadskii
Chrysanthemum indicum
Chrysanthemum japonense var. ashizuriense
Chrysanthemum coloris pruni persicae
Chrysanthemum 'Tiger Tail'
Folia plantae chrysanthemi
Exhibitio chrysanthemorum

Nexus interni

Notae

↑ conserved type ratified by General Committee, Nicolson, Taxon 48: 375 (1999)
↑ Tropicos, Chrysanthemum L.
↑ Jacob Mortimer Wier Silver, Love of Flowers: "Sketches of Japanese manners and customs" (1867).
↑ David Beaulieu. "Chrysanthemums and Hardy Mums – Colorful Fall Flowers". About.com Home .
↑ "Chrysanthemums: Rethinking a Fast-Food Flower". 17 Septembris 2019 .
↑ Liu et al. 2012.
↑ "Chrysanthemum L.". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew .

Bibliographia

Baines, John, et Jaromir Malek. 1980. Les Livres De France.
Carvalho, S. M. P., et al. 2005. "Temperature affects Chrysanthemum flower characteristics differently during three phases of the cultivation period." Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 8 (2): 209–16. doi:10.1080/14620316.2005.11511919.
Liu, P. L., et al. 2012. "Phylogeny of the genus Chrysanthemum L.: Evidence from single-copy nuclear gene and chloroplast DNA sequences." PLOS One 7 (11), e48970. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048970. Editio interretialis.
Redford, Donald B., ed. 2001. Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 9774245814.
Scopes, Nigel E. A. 1975. Pests, diseases and nutritional disorders of chrysanthemums. Ed. emendata. Londinii: National Chrysanthemum Society. ISBN 0901631191.
Scopes, Nigel E. A., et Allen Langton. 1976. Chrysanthemums: the inside story. Londinii: National Chrysanthemum Society.
Shaw, Ian. 2000. Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-815034-2.
Shaw, Ian, et Paul Nicholson. 1995.l Dictionary of Ancient Egypt. Harry N. Abrams, Inc. ISBN 0-8109-3225-3.
Strouhal, Eugen. 1992. Life of the Ancient Egyptian. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-2475-X.
van der Ploeg, A., et E. Heuvelink. 2006. "The influence of temperature on growth and development of chrysanthemum cultivars: a review." Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 81 (2): 174–82. doi:10.1080/14620316.2006.11512047.
Zhao, Hong-Bo, Fa-Di Chen, Su-Mei Chen, Guo-Sheng Wu, et Wei-Ming Guo. 2010. "Molecular phylogeny of Chrysanthemum, Ajania and its allies (Anthemideae, Asteraceae) as inferred from nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast trnL-F IGS sequences." Plant Systematics and Evolution 284 (3–4): 153–69. doi:10.1007/s00606-009-0242-0.
Zhao, Hong-Bo, Z. H. Liu, X. Hu, J. L. Yin, W. Li, G. Y. Rao, X. H. Zhang, C. L. Huang, N. Anderson, Q. X. Zhang, et J. Y. Chen. 2009. "Chrysanthemum genetic resources and related genera of Chrysanthemum collected in China." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 56: 937–46. doi:10.1007/s10722-009-9412-8.