Capsicum cayennense

Vide etiam paginam fere homonymam: Pulvis cayennae.

Capsicum cayennense^[1] est cultivarietas capsicorum speciei Capsico annuo attributum. Nomen autem neque ex urbe Guianae Francicae Caienna neque e flumine adiacenti trahitur.

Saeculo XIX exeunte nomen cayenne (plenius cayenne of commerce, ut si "cayennense mercatorum" dictum sit) ad varietatem fructu erecto, forma conica, longo fere unciam unam dimidiamque dabatur.^[2] Synonyma Anglicum bird pepper, Latinum Capsicum minimum nonnunquam adduntur.
Nomen long cayenne, hodie simpliciter cayenne, ad cultivarietatem fructu pendente, calyce pedem fructus amplectente, longo usque ad quattuor uncias, gracili (diametro minus quam dimidiae unciae) datur. Haec cultivarietas olim cum aliis nonnullis sub varietate botanica C. annuum var. acuminatum ordinabatur.^[3]

Pulvis cayennae (e varietatibus "cayennensibus mercatorum" confectus) a saeculo XVII e regione Caribica in Europam exportatus est.

Notae

↑ "Capsicum longum Cayennense": Irish (1898) p. 71
↑ Peduncles straight, fruit erect or spreading ... Fruit short, usually less that 1½ in. long ... not compressed at the base by the calyx, dark red ... conical or ovate obtuse: Irish (1898) p. 62
↑ Peduncles curved or recurved, fruit pendent. Calyx embracing base of fruit, the latter much longer than broad. Fruit very slender, usually less than ½ in. in diameter; flesh very thin ... 1½ to 4 in. long: Irish (1898) pp. 63, 69-71

1767-1812 : Thomas Ieffersonius, Garden Book (Edwin Morris Betts, ed., Thomas Jefferson's Garden Book 1766-1824 [Philadelphiae: American Philosophical Society, 1944] pp. 4,473) "Cayenne pepper"
1785 : Georgius Washingtonius, Diaries (Donald Jackson, Dorothy Twohig, edd., The Diaries of George Washington vol. 4, 1784-1786 [Charlottesville, 1978] diebus 13 et 29 Iunii 1785) "Cayan pepper"
1806 : John L. E. W. Shecut, Flora Carolinæensis. Vol. 1. Charleston, 1806 (p. 342 apud Google Books)
1845 B. Upton Let. 10 Sept. in Amer. Hist. (1966) XVII. iv. 87/2 Cayenne pepper (kian) grows wild here on the prairies. The Oxford English Dictionary (Oxonii: Clarendon Press, 1989. 20 voll.)
1865 : Herbert Byng Hall, The Queen’s Messenger; or, Travels on the High-ways and Bye-ways of Europe p. 341
1898 : H. C. Irish^(es), "A revision of the genus Capsicum, with especial reference to garden varieties" in Missouri Botanical Garden Annual Report (1898) pp. 53-110, vide pp. 62, 63, 67, 72-73

Jean Andrews, Peppers: the domesticated capsicums (2a ed. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995) p. 102, tab. 8
Janet Long-Solís, Capsicum y cultura: la historia del chilli. 2a ed. (Mexicopoli: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1998) p. 157

2013 : Cinzia Trenchi, Enzo Monaco, Mario Dadomo, Peperoncino. Momenti di passione piccante (Mediolani: White Star, 2013. ISBN 9788854021280) pp. 76, 114