Timor

Timor, seu metus,^[1] est motus animi qui in ens percipiens minaciam inducit. Haec variationem in cerebro, in functione viscerum et postremo in more sic efficere potest, ut ens fugere vel se celare vel derigescere malit.^[2] Timor irrationalis phobia vocatur.^[3]

Vide etiam paginam fere homonymam: Timora.

Timoris physiologia et psychologia

Interna machinatio

Timor stimulis externis internisve induci potest. Stimuli oculorum, stimulorum externorum exemplum, timorem inducere possunt: stimulus anxifer in cerebro et corticem occipitalem et corpus amygdaloideum responsum neurophysiologicum inducit.^[4] Incendi timorem corpus amygdaloideum magnum momentum habet.^[5] Inter cortices oculorum et corpora amygdaloideia ipsilaterale nexus sunt: homines igitur cum corporis amygdaloidei functione laesa minores timoris reactiones ostendunt.

Sustentatio timoris

Secundum psychologiam cognitivam

In psychologia cognitiva quoque, aliquae descriptiones timoris divulgatae sunt. Exempli gratia descriptio psychophysiologica^[6] circulum timoris vitiosum ostendit, cui sunt:

stressor internus sive externus
perceptio et interpretatio: "periculosa est"
timor
mutationes physiologicae et corporis reactiones (exempli gratia: sudor, (cordis) palpitationes, inquies)

Deinde hae corporis reactiones, ipsae stressores factae, circulum vitiosum inducunt et percipientem defatigant.

Perturbationes

Timor emergere potest indicium perturbationis sive morbi:

Pavor nocturnus—forma insomniae (vox "parasomnia") in infantibus^[7], non raro cum somnambulismo
Pavor diurnus—in infantibus, expergefieri ex somno meridiano cum timore

Nexus interni

Notae

↑ Significatione simili: anxietas, anxitudo, pavor, terror.
↑ Olsson et Phelps 2007.
↑ Öhman 2000.
↑ Vuilleumier P, Richardson MP, Armony JL, Driver J, Dolan RJ (Nov 2004). "Distant influences of amygdala lesion on visual cortical activation during emotional face processing". Nat Neurosci 7: 1271-7
↑ Aggleton JP (1993). "The contribution of the amygdala to normal and abnormal emotional states". Trends Neurosci 16: 328-33
↑ Margraf J, Ehlers A (1989). Etiological Models of Panic - Psychophysiological and Cognitive Aspects, in: Panic Disorder: Theory, Research and Therapie, Ed. Baker R. pp. 205-31 .
↑ Van Horn N. L., Street M. (2018). Night Terrors,StatPearls Publishing.

Bibliographia

Öhman, A. 2000. "Fear and anxiety: Evolutionary, cognitive, and clinical perspectives." In Handbook of emotions, ed. M. Lewis et J. M. Haviland-Jones, 573–93. Novi Eboraci: The Guilford Press.
Olsson, A. et E. A. Phelps. 2007. "Social learning of fear." Nature Neuroscience 10 (9): 1095–1128. PMID 17726475.

[1] Significatione simili: anxietas, anxitudo, pavor, terror.

[2] Olsson et Phelps 2007.

[3] Öhman 2000.

[4] Vuilleumier P, Richardson MP, Armony JL, Driver J, Dolan RJ (Nov 2004). "Distant influences of amygdala lesion on visual cortical activation during emotional face processing". Nat Neurosci 7: 1271-7

[5] Aggleton JP (1993). "The contribution of the amygdala to normal and abnormal emotional states". Trends Neurosci 16: 328-33

[6] Margraf J, Ehlers A (1989). Etiological Models of Panic - Psychophysiological and Cognitive Aspects, in: Panic Disorder: Theory, Research and Therapie, Ed. Baker R. pp. 205-31 .

[7] Van Horn N. L., Street M. (2018). Night Terrors,StatPearls Publishing.

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