Staphyliniformia
Staphyliniformia sunt magnus coleopterorum infraordo, qui plus quam 60 000 species descriptas ex omnibus orbis terrarum regionibus comprehendit, quarum plurimae in locis humidis habitant, praecipue inter herbas putrescentis vel in aqua dulci, ubi fungis, stercore, cadaveribus vescuntur.
Proprietates
recenserePlurima staphyliniformia sunt parva mediave coleoptera. Gregi vario sunt paucae apomorphiae clarae. Eis proprie sunt antennae segmentis undecim, collis longe post oculos constrictus, pronotum magno margine laterali bene definito, ova larvarum quinque segmentis, decimum adulti segmentum abdominale saepe spinis uncisve tenues vel fortes, et urogomphi (par cornuum ad posteriorem abdominis caudam larvarum et puparum) articulatione? basali.?[1]
Systemata et Evolutio
recensereStaphyliniformia ad subordinem Polyphaga pertinent, et eis ferme taxinomicus datur gradus infraordinis vel seriei, qui tres superfamilias comprehendit:
Nonnulla studia recentiora superfamiliam Scarabaeoidea (infraordinis Scarabaeiformium) comprehendunt, ut eius membra in re stirpe Hydrophiloida appellata conformentur.[2][3] Coniunctio gregis sororis (Anglice: sister group) Histeroideorum Hydrophiloideorumque valide sustinetur.[4]
Exstant quaedam fossilia ex Aevo Triassico, et omnis grex fortasse ex Aevo Mesozoico inferiori exortus est.[5]
Notae
recensere
- ↑ M. Hansen, "Phylogeny and classification of the staphyliniform beetle families (Coleoptera)," Biologiske Skrifter (1997) 48.
- ↑ M. S. Caterino et al., "On the constitution and phylogeny of Staphyliniformia (Insecta: Coleoptera)," Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2005) 34(3).
- ↑ J. Kukalova-Peck et J. F. Lawrence, "Evolution of the hind wings in Coleoptera," Canadian Entomologist (1993) 135:181–258.
- ↑ R. G. Beutel et R. A. B. Leschen, "Phylogenetic analysis of Staphyliniformia (Coleoptera) based on characters of larvae and adults," Systematic Entomology (2005) 30:510–548.
- ↑ D. Grimaldi, et M. S. Engel, Evolution of the Insects (Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
Bibliographia
recensere- Beutel, R. G., et R. A. B. Leschen. 2005. "Phylogenetic analysis of Staphyliniformia (Coleoptera) based on characters of larvae and adults." Systematic Entomology 30:510–548.
- Caterino, M. S., et al. 2005. "On the constitution and phylogeny of Staphyliniformia (Insecta: Coleoptera)." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 34(3).
- Grimaldi, D., et M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press).
- Hansen, M. 1997. "Phylogeny and classification of the staphyliniform beetle families (Coleoptera)." Biologiske Skrifter 48.
- Kukalova-Peck, J., et J. F. Lawrence. 1993. "Evolution of the hind wings in Coleoptera." Canadian Entomologist 135:181–258.
- Lawrence, J. F., et A. F. Newton, Jr. 1995. "Families and subfamilies of Coleoptera (with selected genera, notes, references and data on family-group names)." In Biology, Phylogeny and Classification of Coleoptera: Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Roy A. Crowson, ed. Pakaluk et Slipinski. Varsoviae: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN. ISBN 83-85192-34-4.
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