Renascentia litterarum saeculi 12

Renascentia litterarum saeculi XII praeter litteras etiam societatem hominum, modum rei publicae gerendae, commercium mutavit et eruditionem humanitatemque scientiis ac philosophia adiuta per Europam funditus renovavit.

Quid nomen renascentiae sibi velit

Carolus Homerus Haskins primus de quadam renascentia saeculo duodecimo facta scripsit:

Saeculum duodecimum per Europam excelluit vita recente atque vigente. Nam temporibus expeditionum sacrarum, urbium surgentium, civitatum primarum nationalium occidentis, ars romanica floruit, gothica incohavit, litterae linguis vernacularibus edi coeperunt, auctores Latini antiqui cum poesis tum iurisprudentiae denuo lecti, scientiae Graeciae antiquae quibusdam Islamicis additis et philosophia Graeca receptae sunt, universitates per Europam condebantur.^[1]^[2]

Operibus Aristotelis denuo inventis, ratio discendi nova orta est, quam scholasticam appellant. Quae elucere coepit e scriptis philosophorum medii aevi Iudaicorum atque Islamicorum illi obligatorum, quorum maxime Maimonidis Avicennaeque, et eis philosophorum Christianorum eos sequentium, ut Albertus Magnus, Bonaventura, Petrus Abaelardus. Scholastici experientiam profitentes doctrinas ecclesiae ratione affirmaverunt. Repugnaverunt cum mysticae Christianae tum eis, qui Platonem Augustinumque sequentes mentem ab anima separarent ("Dualismus mentis"), mundum autem malignum esse censerent.

Praestantissimus inter scholasticos, Thomas Aquinas viam a Platone atque Augustino ad Aristotelem flexit. Ratione nova usus, mentem, cum nascatur, tabulam rasam esse demonstravit, quae ob scintillam quandam divinam apta fit ad cogitandum vel ad formas cognoscendas.

Notae

↑ Anglice: "The 12th century in Europe was in many respects an age of fresh and vigorous life. The epoch of the Crusades, of the rise of towns, and of the earliest bureaucratic states of the West, it saw the culmination of Romanesque art and the beginnings of Gothic; the emergence of the vernacular literatures; the revival of the Latin classics and of Latin poetry and Roman law; the recovery of Greek science, with its Arabic additions, and of much of Greek philosophy; and the origin of the first European universities."
↑ Carolus Homerus Haskins, The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century (Cantabrigiae: Harvard University Press, 1927).

[1] Anglice: "The 12th century in Europe was in many respects an age of fresh and vigorous life. The epoch of the Crusades, of the rise of towns, and of the earliest bureaucratic states of the West, it saw the culmination of Romanesque art and the beginnings of Gothic; the emergence of the vernacular literatures; the revival of the Latin classics and of Latin poetry and Roman law; the recovery of Greek science, with its Arabic additions, and of much of Greek philosophy; and the origin of the first European universities."

[2] Carolus Homerus Haskins, The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century (Cantabrigiae: Harvard University Press, 1927).

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