Ranunculus

Ranunculus est genus plantarum angiospermarum e familia Ranunculacearum, cosmopolitus, cum circa 600 speciebus (microspeciebus e grege R. auricomi non additis).

Nomen

Genus Ranunculus a Linnaeo descriptus est^[1], sed hoc nomen iam apud Plinium invenitur^[2]. Nomen Latinum deminutivum vocabuli "rana" est, propter multas species huius generis in humentibus crescentes^[3].

Descriptio

Herbae perennes, biennes vel annuae. Folia basalia plura, singula vel nulla; simplicia (integra vel dissecta), ternata vel pinnata. Folia caulina basalibus similia vel bracteiformia, nonnumquam nulla. Flores multi ad pauci, hermaphroditi; inflorescentia cymosa corymbiformis vel subpaniculiformis, vel flores solitarii. Sepala 3 vel 5, caduca. Petala 5, raro 3, saepius plana conspicuaque, flava, alba, vel rubra^[4]; in speciebus tamen asexualibus tum 5, tum pauciora, tum nulla. Stamina saepissime multa; carpella sessilia. Fructûs achenia, a nonnullis nuculae nuncupati^[5].

Taxinomia

Genus sensu stricto et sensu lato

Ranunculus peltatus Schrank, species aquatilis ad sectionem Batrachium pertinens

Ranunculus a botanicis diverse circumscriptus est, tum latissime, inclusis generibus Coptidio et Ficaria^[6]; tum strictissime, exclusis praedictis necnon Batrachio. Data karyologica Coptidium et Ficariam excludenda esse indicant, Batrachium autem includendum^[7].

Species et microspecies

Ranunculi, etiamsi in humentibus saepius inveniuntur, plantae praesertim terrestres sunt; ad sectionem (vel subgenus) Batrachium tamen plantae aquatiles cum floribus albis pertinent^[8].

Species Ranunculorum circiter 600 sunt^[5] (133 in Europa^[9], 77 in America septentrionali^[10]^[11]), sed hic numerus computatus est non inclusis plantis quae per processus asexuales, nempe apomixin, multiplicantur. Qui Ranunculi asexuales in microspecies^[12] (species asexuales, seu agamospecies, characteribus saepe difficilibus visu separatas et haud raro in parvis tantum territoriis distributis) ergo dividuntur^[13], quarum numerus permagnus esse potest, exempli gratia in sola Alsatia 29^[14] vel in Scandinavia 605^[15]. Has microspecies, cum non faciles dignoscitu sint, saepe coniunctim tamquam species collectivae Ranunculus auricomus et Ranunculus cassubicus tractantur^[16].

Notae

↑ Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species plantarum : exhibentes plantas rite cognitas ad genera relatas, cum diferentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Holmiae: impensis Laurentii Salvii. [p. 548] (lege hic)
↑ Gilbert-Carter, H. 1964. Glossary of the British flora. Editio tertia. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
↑ Stearn, W.T. 1992. Stearn's dictionary of plant names for garderners. Londini.
↑ Bentham, H. & Hooker, J.D. 1862. Genera plantarum, ad exemplaria primum in herbariis Kewensibus servata definita. Vol. 1, pars 1. Londini: Reeve & Co.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Tamura M. 1995: Systematic part. — In: Hiepko P. (ed.), Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, zweite Auflage. Band 17 a IV, Angiospermae: Ordnung Ranunculales, Fam. Ranunculaceae, pp. 223–497. Berolini: Duncker & Humblot.
↑ Hiepko, P. (ed.) 1995. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Band 17 a IV: Angiospermae: Ordnung Ranunculales, Fam. Ranunculaceae. Berolini: Duncker & Humblot. ISBN 3-428-07980-9
↑ Baltisberger, N. & Hörandl, E. 2015. Karyotype evolution supports the molecular phylogeny in the genus Ranunculus (Ranunculaceae). Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 18: 1–14. (lege hic)
↑ Wiegleb, G., Bobrov, A.A. & Zalewska-Gałosz, J. 2017. A taxonomic account of Ranunculus section Batrachium (Ranunculaceae). Phytotaxa 319 (1):1–55. (lege hic)
↑ Tutin, T., Akeroyd J.R. & Cook, C.D.K. Ranunculus L. — In: Flora Europaea. Vol. 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae. Editio secunda, pp. 269–286. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-41007-X
↑ Whittemore A.T. 1997. Ranunculus. — In: Morin N.R. (ed.), Flora of North America, North of Mexico, vol. 3: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae, pp. 88–135. Neo Eboraci–Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-511246-6
↑ Mitchell, R.S. & Dean, J.K. 1982. Ranunculaceae (Crowfoot family) of New York State. New York State Museum, Bulletin, 446: 1100 (lege hic).
↑ Hörandl, E. 1998. Species concepts in agamic complexes: applications in the Ranunculus auricomus complex and general perspectives. Folia Geobotanica 33: 335–348.
↑ Aliud genus permultas microspecies continens Hieracium est.
↑ Dunkel F.G. 2014. Le complexe de Ranunculus auricomus (Ranunculaceae) en Alsace. Journal Botanique de la Société Botanique de France, 66: 3–53. (lege hic)
↑ Ericsson S. 2001. Ranunculus auricomus complex. — In: Jonsell, B. (ed.), Flora Nordica, vol. 2: Chenopodiaceae to Fumariaceae, pp. 237–255. Holmiae: The Bergius Foundation & Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. ISBN 91-7190-037-3
↑ Marklund, G. 1965. Der Ranunculus auricomus-Komplex in Finnland. II. Diagnosen und Fundortslisten einiger Sippen von R. fallax (W. & Gr.) Schur, R. monophyllus Ovcz. und R. cassubicus L. Flora Fennica, 4: 1–198, tabulae 1–94.

[1] Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species plantarum : exhibentes plantas rite cognitas ad genera relatas, cum diferentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Holmiae: impensis Laurentii Salvii. [p. 548] (lege hic)

[2] Gilbert-Carter, H. 1964. Glossary of the British flora. Editio tertia. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.

[3] Stearn, W.T. 1992. Stearn's dictionary of plant names for garderners. Londini.

[4] Bentham, H. & Hooker, J.D. 1862. Genera plantarum, ad exemplaria primum in herbariis Kewensibus servata definita. Vol. 1, pars 1. Londini: Reeve & Co.

[:0-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Tamura M. 1995: Systematic part. — In: Hiepko P. (ed.), Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, zweite Auflage. Band 17 a IV, Angiospermae: Ordnung Ranunculales, Fam. Ranunculaceae, pp. 223–497. Berolini: Duncker & Humblot.

[6] Hiepko, P. (ed.) 1995. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Band 17 a IV: Angiospermae: Ordnung Ranunculales, Fam. Ranunculaceae. Berolini: Duncker & Humblot. ISBN 3-428-07980-9

[7] Baltisberger, N. & Hörandl, E. 2015. Karyotype evolution supports the molecular phylogeny in the genus Ranunculus (Ranunculaceae). Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 18: 1–14. (lege hic)

[8] Wiegleb, G., Bobrov, A.A. & Zalewska-Gałosz, J. 2017. A taxonomic account of Ranunculus section Batrachium (Ranunculaceae). Phytotaxa 319 (1):1–55. (lege hic)

[9] Tutin, T., Akeroyd J.R. & Cook, C.D.K. Ranunculus L. — In: Flora Europaea. Vol. 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae. Editio secunda, pp. 269–286. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-41007-X

[10] Whittemore A.T. 1997. Ranunculus. — In: Morin N.R. (ed.), Flora of North America, North of Mexico, vol. 3: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae, pp. 88–135. Neo Eboraci–Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-511246-6

[11] Mitchell, R.S. & Dean, J.K. 1982. Ranunculaceae (Crowfoot family) of New York State. New York State Museum, Bulletin, 446: 1100 (lege hic).

[12] Hörandl, E. 1998. Species concepts in agamic complexes: applications in the Ranunculus auricomus complex and general perspectives. Folia Geobotanica 33: 335–348.

[13] Aliud genus permultas microspecies continens Hieracium est.

[14] Dunkel F.G. 2014. Le complexe de Ranunculus auricomus (Ranunculaceae) en Alsace. Journal Botanique de la Société Botanique de France, 66: 3–53. (lege hic)

[15] Ericsson S. 2001. Ranunculus auricomus complex. — In: Jonsell, B. (ed.), Flora Nordica, vol. 2: Chenopodiaceae to Fumariaceae, pp. 237–255. Holmiae: The Bergius Foundation & Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. ISBN 91-7190-037-3

[16] Marklund, G. 1965. Der Ranunculus auricomus-Komplex in Finnland. II. Diagnosen und Fundortslisten einiger Sippen von R. fallax (W. & Gr.) Schur, R. monophyllus Ovcz. und R. cassubicus L. Flora Fennica, 4: 1–198, tabulae 1–94.

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