Notae tironianae

Notae tironianae sunt systema tachygraphicum (vel notarum) quod a Marco Tullio Tirone, scriba Ciceronis, excogitatum esse habetur. Systema in quattuor milia fere notarum olim constitit, antiquitate aliquantum ad quinque milia signorum amplificatum. Notae tironianae medio aevo Europaeo in monasteriis doctae sunt, cum systema ad circa tredecim milia signorum amplificaretur (vide immutationes scribales).^[1] Usus notarum tironianarum ex saeculo undecimo imminutus est, sed nonnulli usus per saeculum septimum decimum videri possunt.^[2]^[3]

Duo Tironiana et in contextu, lineis altero et sexto.

Et tironianum (cum signo litterae r rotundae simili) in imminutione etc. in impressione Germanica anni 1845 Fraktur adhibet.

Historia recensere

Primae notae hodei notae sunt systema a Xenophonte rerum gestarum scriptore in Memorabiliis Socratis adhibitum, notae socratae appellatae. Primus notarum tironianarum adhibitarum relatus apud Plutarchum invenitur, qui dicit eas anno 63 a.C.n. ad scribendam Catonis accusationem Catilinae adhibitas esse:

Haec omnium orationum Catonis solum, dicitur, conservata est; nam Cicero consul nonnullos ex scribis callidissimis et rapidissimis in variis curiae partibus ordinaverat, quos notas facere docuerat multa verba paucis ictibus brevibus comprehendentis; nam ei usque ad illud tempus eos qui scriptores notarum appellamus non iam usurpaverunt, qui tum, ut dicitur, primum artis exemplum instituerunt.^[4]^[5]

Dio Cassius Maecenae tribuit inventionem notarum, et adfirmat ipsum Aquilam libertum usurpavisse ut systema multis aliis doceret.^[6]

Isidorus Hispalensis autem aliam primam systematis historiam enarrat,^[7] et inventionem artis Quinto Ennio tribuit, qui dicit invenisse mille centum notarum. Isidorus adfirmat Tironem usum Romam tulisse, sed notas Tironianas solum praepositionibus adhibuisse. Isidorus evolutionem aliarum notarum tironianarum a variis manibus describit, inter quas Vipsanius, certus Philargius, et Aquila (ut supra), donec Seneca varias notas ad rationem redegit, circa quinque milia notarum habentem.

Medio Aevo notae verba repraesentes latissime adhibebantur cum aliis imminutionibus scribarum, et signa prima ad 14 000 a Carolingis amplificata sunt; sed stenographica abecedarii notatio "esse obscurum" habuit (C. Burnett), nam ea, cum veneficio et arte magica saepe consociata, memoriá excidit donec Thomas a Becket, archiepiscopus Cantuariensis saeculo duodecimo studium eius excitavit. Iohannes Trithemius, abbas abbatiae Benedictinae Sponheim, saeculo quinto decimo notas Benenses invenit, quibus psalmum et lexicon Ciceronianum notis Tironianis scripta erant.^[8]

Pinacotheca recensere

Psalmus 68. Manuscriptum saeculi noni.
Glossarium notarum tironianarum saeculi octavi. Codex Casselanus.
Verbum et Tironianum et imminutio etc. in fine indicis titulorum nobilium. Impressio Germanica, 1768.

Nexus interni

Adnotationes recensere

↑ Louis-Prosper Guénin et Eugène Guénin, Histoire de la sténographie dans l'antiquité et au moyen-âge; les notes tironiennes' '(Lutetiae: Hachette, 1908), OCLC 301255530.
↑ Paul Gottfried Mitzschke, Justus Lipsius, et Norman P. Heffley, Biography of the Father of Stenography, Marcus Tullius Tiro: Together with the Latin Letter, "De notis", Concerning the Origin of Shorthand (Brooklyn Novi Eboraci, 1882), OCLC 11943552.
↑ Ulrich Friedrich Kopp et Bernhard Bischoff, Lexicon Tironianum (Osnabrück: Zeller, 1965), OCLC 2996309.
↑ Anglice: "This only of all Cato's speeches, it is said, was preserved; for Cicero, the consul, had disposed in various parts of the senate-house, several of the most expert and rapid writers, whom he had taught to make figures comprising numerous words in a few short strokes; as up to that time they had not used those we call shorthand writers, who then, as it is said, established the first example of the art."
↑ Plutarchus, "Cato Minor," in Vitae, libro ab Ioanne Dryden converso.
↑ Dio Cassius. Roman History. 55.7.6
↑ Isidorus, Etymologiae vel Originum I.21ff, Gothofred, editor.
↑ David A. King, The Ciphers of the Monks: A Forgotten Number-Notation of the Middle Ages.

Nexus externi recensere

Vide viz. in Victionario.

Karl Eberhard Henke. Über Tironische Noten, www.mgh-bibliothek.de

Haec stipula ad linguam vel ad linguisticam spectat. Amplifica, si potes!

[Guenin1908-1] Louis-Prosper Guénin et Eugène Guénin, Histoire de la sténographie dans l'antiquité et au moyen-âge; les notes tironiennes' '(Lutetiae: Hachette, 1908), OCLC 301255530.

[Mitzschke1882-2] Paul Gottfried Mitzschke, Justus Lipsius, et Norman P. Heffley, Biography of the Father of Stenography, Marcus Tullius Tiro: Together with the Latin Letter, "De notis", Concerning the Origin of Shorthand (Brooklyn Novi Eboraci, 1882), OCLC 11943552.

[Kopp1965-3] Ulrich Friedrich Kopp et Bernhard Bischoff, Lexicon Tironianum (Osnabrück: Zeller, 1965), OCLC 2996309.

[4] Anglice: "This only of all Cato's speeches, it is said, was preserved; for Cicero, the consul, had disposed in various parts of the senate-house, several of the most expert and rapid writers, whom he had taught to make figures comprising numerous words in a few short strokes; as up to that time they had not used those we call shorthand writers, who then, as it is said, established the first example of the art."

[5] Plutarchus, "Cato Minor," in Vitae, libro ab Ioanne Dryden converso.

[6] Dio Cassius. Roman History. 55.7.6

[7] Isidorus, Etymologiae vel Originum I.21ff, Gothofred, editor.

[8] David A. King, The Ciphers of the Monks: A Forgotten Number-Notation of the Middle Ages.

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