Grallator

Grallator est ichnogenus (taxon quod ex vestigiis pendet) quod communem modum parvi vestigii trium digitorum a variis dinosauriis theropodibus bipedalibus effecti indicat. Vestigia Grallatoris in formationibus ex aevis Triassico superiore et Cretaceo Inferiore inveniuntur, praecipue in Civitatibus Foederatis, Canada, Europa, Australia, et Sinis; secundum autem orientale Americae Septentrionalis litus, maxime in formationibus Triassico et Iurassico Inferiore partis septentrionalis Supergregis Newarkensis, abundant.^[1]^[2]

Forma típica de la pisada.

Classis : Reptilpedia
Ordo : Theropodipedia
Familia : Grallatoridae †
Genus : Grallator†
Hitchcock, 1858

Subdivisiones: Ichnospecies

Plures, vide textum

Species typica

G. cursorius Hitchcock, 1858

Nomen Grallator 'qui grallis ambulet' significare habetur, quamquam longitudo ac forma crurum vestigia efficientium speciebus variabantur, quarum plurimae sunt ignotae. Nomen cognatum Grallae est nomen antiquum gregis opinabilis avium vada transientium cruribus longis praeditis, sicut Ciconiidae et Ardeidae. His vestigiis nomen ab Eduardo Hitchcock eorum inventore anno 1858 datum est.^[1]

Vestigia Grallatoris omnino sunt tridactylia (trium digitorum) et inter 5 et 15 cm longa variant. Quamquam vestigia solum tres digitos monstrant, animalibus quae vestigia effecerunt probabiliter erant quattuor aut quinque digiti. Vestigia Grallatoris in Formatione Yixian fortasse a Caudipteryge effecta sunt.^[2]

Vestigia in Supergrege Newark

Negativum G. cuneati vestigium impressiones cutis ostendit.

Celeberrima atque archetypica vestigia quae ad modum Grallatorem conformant in Litore Orientali Americae Septentrionalis inveniuntur, diserte in Supergrege Newarkensi ex Triassico Superiore atque Iurassico Inferiore. Haec vestigia a primitivo dinosauro ignoto Coelophysis similia effecta sunt.^[1] Vestigia Supergregis Newarkensis digitos II, III, IV monstrant, sed nullum breviorium digitorum I ac V indicium, qui dinosauro huius stationis evolutionis probabiliter fuerunt. Veri simile est duos digitos exteriores fuisse stipulosos et inutiles, solum per ambulationem vel cursum non tangentes.^[1]

Quamquam vestigia Grallatoris Supergregis Newarkensis a dinosauro saurischio bipedali effecta sunt, facillime putantur vestigia alius dinosauri, ichnogeneris Atreipodis Triassici Superioris.^[3] Fabricator autem vestigiorum Atreipodis fuit ornithischium quadrupedale.

Synonyma

Jialingpus est maius ichnogenus synonymum, quod parva vestigia trium digitorum ab ignota specie dinosauriorum theropodorum effecit. Vestigia generis Jialingpodi in formationibus ex Aevo Iurassico inventa sunt. Hic modus vestigiorum ab S. Zhen et al. in Sinis anno 1989 primum agnitus est. Typus generis est ichnospecies J. yuechiensis, genere ex Flumen Jialing in Suchuen appellato.

Omnia synonyma nota sunt^[4]:

Abelichnus
Aetonychops
Apatichnus
Bressanichnus
Byakudansauripus
Columbosauripus
Changpeipus
Coelurosaurichnus Huene, 1941
Defferrariichium
Dilophosauripus
Dinosaurichnium
Eubrontes
Gigantipus
Hyphepus
Irenesauripus
Itsukisauropus
Jeholosauripus Yabe, Inai, & Shikama, 1940
Jialingpus
Kainotrisauropous
Kayentapus
Kleitotrisauropus
Komlosaurus
Kuwajimasauropus
Masitisauropus
Megalosauropus
Megatrisauropus
Neotrisauropus
Otouphepus
Paracoelurosaurichnus
Picunichnus
Plastisauropus
Platytrisauropus
Prototrisauropus
Qemetrisauropus
Saltopoides
"Sauropous"
Schizograllator
Skartopus
Stenonyx
Talmontopus
Youngichnus
Zhengichnus

Species^[4]

Subgenus G. (Coelurosaurichnus)
- G. (C.) palmipes
  - G. (C.) p. exiguus (Ellenberger, 1970)
Subgenus G. (Grallator)
- G. (G.) zvierzi Gierlinski, 1991
G. andeolensis Gand, Vianey-Liaud, Demathieu, & Garric, 2000
G. angustidigitus (Ellenberger, 1970)
G. angustus (Ellenberger, 1974)
- G. a. cursor Ellenberger, 1974
G. cursorius Hitchcock, 1858 (ichnotype)
G. cuneatus Hitchcock, 1858
G. damanei Ellenberger, 1970
G. deambulator (Ellenberger, 1970)
G. digitigradus (Ellenberger, 1974)
G. emeiensis Zhen, Li, Han & Yang, 1995
G. formosus Hitchcock, 1858
G. gracilis Hitchcock, 1865
G. graciosus (Ellenberger, 1970)
G. grancier (Courel & Demathieu, 2000)
G. ingens (Ellenberger, 1970)
G. kehli (Beurlen, 1950)
G. kronbergeri (Rehnelt, 1959)
G. lacunensis (Ellenberger, 1970)
G. leribeensis (Ellenberger, 1970)
G. limnosus Zhen, Li, & Rao, 1985
G. madseni Irby, 1995
G. magnificus (Ellenberger, 1970)
G. matsiengensis Ellenberger, 1970
G. maximus Lapparent & Monetnat, 1967
G. minimus (Ellenberger, 1970)
G. minor (Ellenberger, 1970)
G. moeni (Beurlen, 1950)
G. mokanametsongensis (Ellenberger, 1974)
G. molapoi Ellenberger, 1974
G. morijiensis (Ellenberger, 1970)
G. moshoeshoei (Ellenberger, 1970)
G. olonensis Lapparent & Monetnat, 1967
G. palissyi (Gand, 1976)
G. paulstris (Ellenberger, 1970)
G. perriauxi (Demathieu & Grand, 1972)
G. princeps (Ellenberger, 1970)
G. protocrassidigitus (Ellenberger, 1970)
G. rapidus (Ellenberger, 1974)
G. romanovskyi (Gabunia & Kurbatov)
G. quthingensis (Ellenberger, 1974)
G. rectilineus (Ellenberger, 1970)
G. sabinensis (Gand & Pellier, 1976)
G. sassendorfensis (Kuhn, 1958)
G. sauclierensis Demathieu & Sciau, 1992
G. schlauersbachensis (Weiss, 1934)
G. socialis (Ellenberger, 1970)
G. ssatoi Yabe, Inai, & Shikama, 1940
G. tenuis Hitchcock, 1858
G. toscanus (Huene, 1941)
G. variabilis Lapparent & Monetnat, 1967

Palaeopathologia

Fossilia vestigialia pathologias theropodorum indicare possunt, sed proprietates pathologicae ut videtur aliquando mores unusitatos significant. Stratum tofi ab aevo Norico in Wallia meridiana vestigia singuli conservat cui deformatus fuit digitus III, ichnogeneri Anchisauripodo^? tributus. Distalis digiti finis semper flexus est; haec autem pathologia simulata ab ambitu finis illius digiti pede levato effici potest.^[5]

Notae

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 D. B. Weishampel et L. Young, Dinosaurs of the East Coast (The Johns Hopkins University Press: 1996).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Xing Li-da, Harris, J.D., Feng Xiang-yang, and Zhang Zhi-jun (2009), "Theropod (Dinosauria: Saurischia) tracks from Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation at Sihetun Village, Liaoning Province, China and possible track makers," Geological Bulletin of China 28(6): 705–712.
↑ J. Safran et E. C. Rainforth (2004), "Distinguishing the tridactyl dinosaurian ichnogenus Atreipus and Grallator: where are the latest Triassic Ornithischia in the Newark Supergroup?" Abstracts with Programs, Geological Society of America 36(2): 96.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 "Paleofile"
↑ R. E. Molnar, "Theropod paleopathology: a literature survey," in Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, ed. D. H. Tanke et K. Carpenter (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001), 337-363.

Nexus interni

Index ichnogenerum dinosauriorum

Eget haec commentatio nexum Wikidata. Quem adde si potes.

[east_coast-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 D. B. Weishampel et L. Young, Dinosaurs of the East Coast (The Johns Hopkins University Press: 1996).

[xingetal2009-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Xing Li-da, Harris, J.D., Feng Xiang-yang, and Zhang Zhi-jun (2009), "Theropod (Dinosauria: Saurischia) tracks from Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation at Sihetun Village, Liaoning Province, China and possible track makers," Geological Bulletin of China 28(6): 705–712.

[3] J. Safran et E. C. Rainforth (2004), "Distinguishing the tridactyl dinosaurian ichnogenus Atreipus and Grallator: where are the latest Triassic Ornithischia in the Newark Supergroup?" Abstracts with Programs, Geological Society of America 36(2): 96.

[paleofile-4] 4.0 ^4.1 "Paleofile"

[molnar-pathology-5] R. E. Molnar, "Theropod paleopathology: a literature survey," in Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, ed. D. H. Tanke et K. Carpenter (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001), 337-363.

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