Novus Formalismus

Novus Formalismus (Anglice New Formalism), aliquando neoformalismus (neoformalism), est motus poeticus Americanus qui regressum ad versum metricum et consonantem saeculis vicensimo exeunte et viginto uno ineunte promovet.

Origines et proposita

Locutio New Formalism primum adhibita est in "The Yuppie Poet," commentario in fasciculo Maio 1985 generalis Consociatorum Scribendi Programmatum epistulae prolato,^[1] motum oppugnans quem reditum ad usitatas formas poeticas putavit; commentarius poetas huius motus insimulavit non solum conservatismi civilis, sed etiam materialismi quasi yuppie.^[2] Novus Formalismus se gerere videbatur adversus defectiones quas nequiquam in arte poetarum suae aetatis percipiebat. Dana Gioia, ipse poeta et iudex litterarius, anno 1987 scripsit: "res reales a poesi Americana temporibus anno 1980 incipientibus oblatae clariores fient: pravitas linguae poeticae; prolixitas lyrici; conturbatio modi confessionalis; inopia aestheticae significantis pro nova narratione poetica institutae; et repudiatio texturae musicae in poematibus huius aetatis. Redintegratio formarum usitatarum tum videbitur solum unum huic rerum statui vexanti responsum."^[3]^[4]

Scaena

Contra formales modernismi innovationes ut in operibus T. S. Eliot et Ezrae Pound videntur, versuque libro saeculo vicensimo ineunte late lecto, multi poetae statuerunt se formis translaticiis iam uti continuare, plerumque Robertus Frost et poetae in America aliquando cum Iudicio Novo consociati, inter quos Ioannes Crowe Ransom, Robertus Penn Warren, et Allen Tate. Inter 1960 et 1970, cum studium poesis confessionalis cresceret, editio poesis formalis magis atque magis contra consueditudinem fiebat. Ortus poetarum linguae illo decennio fuit responsum potentiae informalium lyricorum confessionalium.

Historia prima

Signum redintegrationis studii translaticiarum poesis formarum fuit Ludovici Turco The Book of Forms: A Handbook of Poetics, liber anno 1968 prolatus.^[5] X. J. Kennedy mox post 1970 magazinam Counter/Measures proferre coepit, quae se translaticiis poesis formis dedit. Nonnulli editores alii poesi formali illo tempore favebant,^[6] sed plurimi contra consonantem et metrum repugnabant.

Una ex primis pugnis certaminis quod impetum praebuit ad instituendum Novum Formalismum ut motus proprius in editione anno 1977 fasciculi "Freedom and Form: American Poets Respond" in periodico Mississippi Review invenitur. Decennio exeunte editae sunt congeries poematum a poetis in formis traditionalibus scribentibus, inter quas Comforting the Wilderness Roberti B. Shaw (1977), Room for Error Caroli Martin (1978), et Uncertainties and Rest Timothei Steele (1979). Anno 1980, Marcus Jarman et Robertus McDowell The Reaper parvam magazinam ad promovendas narrationem et poesin formalem coeperunt. Ioanna Greer anno 1981 Plains Poetry Journal condidit, quod opera nova in formis traditionalibus divulgavit. McDowell anno 1984 Story Line Press condidit, prelum quod opera nonnullorum poetarum Novi Formalismi edidit. The Reaper decem annos superfuit. Expansive Poetry, liber Friderici Feirstein (1989) commentarios varios de Novo Formalismo et Nova Narratione, motu coniuncto, nomine generali Poesis Expansiva conlegit.

Ex 1983, initium neoformalismi in annalibus poeticis The Dictionary of Literary Biography agnitum est,^[7] et annos circa 1985 disceptationes acres de formalismo in nonnullis periodicis habebantur.^[8] Anno 1986 editae sunt The Golden Gate: A Novel in Verse, mythistoria Vikram Seth, et anthologia Strong Measures: Contemporary American Poetry in Traditional Forms.^[9]

Gulielmus Baer anno 1990 magazinam The Formalist coepit, cuius primus fasciculus poemata Howardi Nemerov, Ricardi Wilbur, Donaldi Justice, aliorumque poetarum continuit.^[10] Magazina bis anno quindecim annos prolata est, fasciculo autumni et hiemis 2004 ultimo.^[11] In loco The Formalist substitutum est Measure: A Review of Formal Poetry, periodicum bis anno ab Universitate Evansville prolatum.

Status hodiernus

Ex 1995, Universitas West Chester annuam conferentiam poeticam habet, poesim formalem et Novum Formalismum vehementius dicens. Quotannis Arbitrium Roberti Fitzgerald Prosodiae ut pars conferentiae concessum est.

Poemata formis usitatis adhibentia ante finem saeculi vicensimi iterum latius proferebantur, et motus Novi Formalismi per se evanescebat. Congeries commentariorum Annae Finsh, After New Formalism: Poets on Form and Narrative ('Post Novum Formalismum: Poetae de Forma et Narratione', 1999), quae notiones formalismi in maius argumentum transtulit, finem primae motus phrasis notare videri potest.

Observati sunt effectus Novi Formalismi in poesi generali ex eo tempore. Investigatio editionum continuarum variarum anthologiarum generalium monstravit numerus villanellarum in editionibus post 1985 increbruisse. Numerus editionum librorum formam poeticam disceptantium etiam auctus est. Ludovici Turco Book of Forms, anno 1986 New Book of Forms inscriptus et retractatus, iterum prolatus est. Alfredi Corn The Poem's Heartbeat, Mariae Oliver Rules of the Dance, et Stephani Fry The Ode Less Travelled sunt exempla huius inclinationis. Anthologia An Exaltation of Forms: Contemporary Poets Celebrate the Diversity of Their Art (University of Michigan Press, 2002), ab Anna Finch et Catharina Varnes edita et late adhibita, poesim formalistam par definit versui experimentali, versui libero, et adeo poesi orationis solutae.

Leo Yankevich poeta Americanus The New Formalist anno 2001 condidit, periodicum quod poetas Iaredum Carter,^[12] Keith Holyoak,^[13] et Iosephus S. Salemi^[14] insigniter profert. Novae magazinae maximi momenti poesi formali dicatae The Barefoot Muse et Umbrella sunt.

Studium motus et artium formalium est a poetis perseveratum, ut conferentia Westcastrentia monstrant, sed motui sunt detractores. N. S. Thompson, in editione Novembris et Decembris 2003 periodici P. N. Review, ait: "Cum motus certam inflatae orationis summam ad attrahendum studium requirant, a certo successu artistico sustineri debent. Rerum gestarum respectu, [hic] motus minus res nova poetica magisque bellum obsonandi videtur."^[15]^[16]

Canon Novi Formalismi

Conferentia Poetica Universitatis West Chester seminarium criticum a se invitatum anno 2004 habuit, de definiendo canone Novi Formalismi ('Defining the Canon of New Formalism'), cum hae anthologiae desceptarentur:^[17]

Rebel Angels: 25 Poets of the New Formalism, a Marco Jarman et Davidee Mason editus (1996).
The Direction of Poetry: An Anthology of Rhymed and Metered Verse Written in the English Language since 1975, a Roberto Richman editus.
A Formal Feeling Comes: Poems in Form by Contemporary Women, ab Anna Finch editus (1993).

Extra Americam Septentrionalem

Motus Novi Formalismi similis in Hibernia incipit per Rhymers Club, circa Tullamore conditum, quod scriptores Thomam Ó Cárthaigh, Antonium Sullivan, et Kenethum Hume vehementius dicit. Periodicum plerumque cum hoc motu consociatum Cartys Poetry Journal est.

Nexus interni

Categoria:Poetae formalistae
Eratosphere, commune interretiale cum poesi formali consociatum
Mezzo Cammin, periodicum quod se poesi formali a mulieribus scriptae dicat
New Formalist, periodicum litterarium

Adnotationes

↑ Nigel S. Thompson, "Form and Function," P. N. Review 154; commentarius ab Ariel Dawson scriptus est.
↑ Paul Lake, "Expansive Poetry in the New Millennium," acroasis, West Chester Poetry Conference, 10 Iunii 1999.
↑ Anglice: "the real issues presented by American poetry in the Eighties will become clearer: the debasement of poetic language; the prolixity of the lyric; the bankruptcy of the confessional mode; the inability to establish a meaningful aesthetic for new poetic narrative and the denial of a musical texture in the contemporary poem. The revival of traditional forms will be seen then as only one response to this troubling situation."
↑ "Notes on the New Formalism," The Hudson Review 40(3).
↑ The Book of Forms: A Handbook of Poetics (Novi Eboraci: 1968). Turco paucos annos post librum scholasticum protulit, qui poesim ex angulo scriptoris monstravir et usum elementorum formalium vehementius dixit: Poetry: An Introduction through Writing (Reston Publishing Co., 1973, ISBN 0879096373).
↑ Timothy Steele in conloquio mentionem Donaldi Stanford apud The Southern Review et Thomae Kirby-Smith apud The Greensboro Review facit. Mentionem quoque prelum Roberti L. Barth et eius seriei libellorum metricorum facit.
↑ 'The Year in Poetry' a Ludovico Turco ab 1983 ad 1986 contributum est.
↑ Exempli gratia, vide Salmagundi 65 (1984) cum "The Rhapsodic Fallacy," re Mariae Kinzie (pp. 63-79) et varia responsa; rem Alani Shapiro "The New Formalism" in Critical Inquiry 14(1) (1987:200-213; et rem Davidis Wojahn "'Yes, But ...': Some Thoughts on the New Formalism" in Crazyhorse 32 (1987: 64-81).
↑ Strong Measures: Contemporary American Poetry in Traditional Forms, ed. Philip Dacey et David Jauss.
↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20150908222613/http://theformalist.evansville.edu/backissueorders.html.
↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20141114093908/http://theformalist.evansville.edu/current.htm
↑ Five Poems, The New Formalist.
↑ Four Poems, The New Formalist.
↑ Five Poems, The New Formalist.
↑ Anglice: "While movements do need a certain amount of bombast to fuel interest, they have to be backed up by a certain artistic success. In hindsight, the movement seems to be less of a poetic revolution and more a marketing campaign."
↑ N. S. Thompson, 'Form and Function,' P. N. Review, 154.
↑ Stephanus Schneider, "Defining the Canon of New Formalist Poetry," Poetry Matters: The Poetry Center Newsletter, West Chester University, 2 (Februario 2005).

Bibliographia

Finch, Annie, ed. 1999. After New Formalism: Poets on Form, Narrative, and Tradition. Ashland Oregoniae: Story Line Press. ISBN 1885266685.
Jarman, Mark, et David Mason, eds. 1996. Rebel Angels: 25 Poets of the New Formalism. Brownsville Oregoniae: Story Line Press. ISBN 1885266332, ISBN 1885266308.
Levinson, Marjorie. 2007. What Is New Formalism? Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 122(2):558–569.
McPhillips, Robert. 2005. The New Formalism: A Critical Introduction. Ed. amplificata. Textos Books. ISBN 193233968X.

Stipula

Haec stipula ad litteras spectat. Amplifica, si potes!

Catullus

Haec stipula ad poësim spectat. Amplifica, si potes!

[1] Nigel S. Thompson, "Form and Function," P. N. Review 154; commentarius ab Ariel Dawson scriptus est.

[2] Paul Lake, "Expansive Poetry in the New Millennium," acroasis, West Chester Poetry Conference, 10 Iunii 1999.

[3] Anglice: "the real issues presented by American poetry in the Eighties will become clearer: the debasement of poetic language; the prolixity of the lyric; the bankruptcy of the confessional mode; the inability to establish a meaningful aesthetic for new poetic narrative and the denial of a musical texture in the contemporary poem. The revival of traditional forms will be seen then as only one response to this troubling situation."

[4] "Notes on the New Formalism," The Hudson Review 40(3).

[5] The Book of Forms: A Handbook of Poetics (Novi Eboraci: 1968). Turco paucos annos post librum scholasticum protulit, qui poesim ex angulo scriptoris monstravir et usum elementorum formalium vehementius dixit: Poetry: An Introduction through Writing (Reston Publishing Co., 1973, ISBN 0879096373).

[6] Timothy Steele in conloquio mentionem Donaldi Stanford apud The Southern Review et Thomae Kirby-Smith apud The Greensboro Review facit. Mentionem quoque prelum Roberti L. Barth et eius seriei libellorum metricorum facit.

[7] 'The Year in Poetry' a Ludovico Turco ab 1983 ad 1986 contributum est.

[8] Exempli gratia, vide Salmagundi 65 (1984) cum "The Rhapsodic Fallacy," re Mariae Kinzie (pp. 63-79) et varia responsa; rem Alani Shapiro "The New Formalism" in Critical Inquiry 14(1) (1987:200-213; et rem Davidis Wojahn "'Yes, But ...': Some Thoughts on the New Formalism" in Crazyhorse 32 (1987: 64-81).

[9] Strong Measures: Contemporary American Poetry in Traditional Forms, ed. Philip Dacey et David Jauss.

[10] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20150908222613/http://theformalist.evansville.edu/backissueorders.html.

[11] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20141114093908/http://theformalist.evansville.edu/current.htm

[12] Five Poems, The New Formalist.

[13] Four Poems, The New Formalist.

[14] Five Poems, The New Formalist.

[15] Anglice: "While movements do need a certain amount of bombast to fuel interest, they have to be backed up by a certain artistic success. In hindsight, the movement seems to be less of a poetic revolution and more a marketing campaign."

[16] N. S. Thompson, 'Form and Function,' P. N. Review, 154.

[17] Stephanus Schneider, "Defining the Canon of New Formalist Poetry," Poetry Matters: The Poetry Center Newsletter, West Chester University, 2 (Februario 2005).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]