Mahometus Iqbal
Mahometus Iqbal (lingua Urdu محمد اقبال, Muḥammad Iqbāl), plerumque Iqbāl tantum appellatus, fuit poeta, politicus et philosophus Islamicus in India Britannica. Natus est Sialkot in urbe provinciae Pengabi die 9 Novembris 1877; mortem obiit Lahorii in eadem provincia die 21 Aprilis 1938. Inter auctores principales litterarum Urdu enumeratus, carmina tam Persice quam Urdu atque opera de philosophia politica et religione maxima parte Anglice scripsit. Creationem Pakistaniae taliter inspiravit ut hodie spiritualis Pakistaniae pater nuncupatur.
Obitus: 21 Aprilis 1938; Lahorium
Patria: India Britannica, Pakistania
Familia
Coniunx: Karim Bibi, Mukhtar Begum, Sardar Begum
Proles: Javid Iqbal
Memoria
Matre Mussulmana pia, patre sectae Sufi adhaerente, Muhammad Iqbal Sialkot et Lahorii in urbibus educatus est, eo aevo Indiae Britannicae, nunc provinciae Pengabi Pakistanensis subiectis. Collegium Missionis Scoticae in urbe nativa frequentavit, ubi litteras Persicas et Arabicas imbibit apud professorem Syed Mir Hassan(en). Mox in collegio Regiminis Lahorensi, discipulus professoris philosophiae Thomae Walker Arnold baccalaureatus est. Statim apud collegium Orientale in eadem urbe lector Arabicus factus, anno 1903 in collegio Regiminis lector philosophiae et oeconomiae factus est.[1] Anno insequenti librum in lingua Urdu de scientia oeconomica edidit.
Anno 1905 Europam petivit. Collegium Trinitatis apud Cantabrigienses frequentavit, Ioannis McTaggart(en) Georgius Gulielmus Fridericus HegelHegeliani discipulus. Ibi Reynoldum Nicholson(en) socium huius collegii litterarumque Persicarum lectorem et interpretem cognovit.[2] Apud Hospitium Lincolniense Londinii causidicus acceptus est. Anno 1907 in universitate Ludovico-Maximilianea Monacensi gradum doctoris ascendit, dissertatione submissa quam mox Anglice sub titulo The Development of Metaphysics in Persia divulgari curavit. In Indiam reditus rursus philosophiam litterasque Anglicas apud collegium Regiminis Lahorense docuit.
Anno 1911 causidicus operam dare coepit. His annis etiam carmina scribebat lingua Persica, philosophiam religionis Islamicae hoc modo evolvens. Liber Asrar-i-Khudi ("Secreta sui ipsius") anno 1915 prodit atque anno 1920 a Reynoldo Nicholson Cantabrigiensi Anglice versus est. Liber insequens Rumuz-i-Bekhudi anno 1917 prodit. Anno 1922 eques a Georgio V rege Britannico factus est propter opera litteraria.[3]
Opera
recensere- sermone Urdu
- 1904[4] : Ilm-ul-Iqtisad ("scientia oeconomica")
- 1924 : Bang-i-Dara Textus apud Internet Archive
- 1935 : Bal-i-Jibril Textus apud Internet Archive
- 1936 : Zarb-i Kalim Textus apud Internet Archive
- sermone Persico
- 1915 : Asrar-i-Khudi
- 1917 : Rumuz-i-Bekhudi
- 1923 : Payam-i-Mashriq
- 1927 : Zabur-i-Ajam
- 1932 : Javid Nama
- 1936 : Pas Cheh Bayed Kard ai Aqwam-e-Sharq
- 1938 : Armughan-e-Hijaz (Persice, lingua Urdu) Textus
- sermone Anglico
Notae
recensere- ↑ Tahir (2001) pp. 1167-1168
- ↑ Nicholson (1920) p. vii
- ↑ London Gazette 32782, 29 Decembris 1922, p. 2
- ↑ Tahir (2001) pp. 1168-1169
Bibliographia
recensere- Editiones et versiones operum selectae
- Kullīyāt-i Iqbāl Textus apud Internet Archive
- Arthur J. Arberry, interpr., The Mysteries of Selflessness [Rumuz-i-Bekhudi]. Londinii, 1953 Textus apud Internet Archive
- Johann Christoph Bürgel, interpr., Steppe im Staubkorn. Texte aus der Urdu-Dichtung Muhammad Iqbals. Freiburg im Üechtland, 1982
- Javid Iqbal, Khurram Ali Shafique, edd., Stray Reflections: The Private Notebook of Muhammad Iqbal. 3a ed. Lahorii: Iqbal Academy Pakistan, 2006 Textus
- Victor G. Kiernan, interpr., Poems from Iqbal. Karachi, 1999
- David J. Matthews, interpr., Iqbal: a selection and translation of the Urdu verse. Londinii, 1993
- Axel Monte, Thomas Stemmer, interprr., Die Wiederbelebung des religiösen Denkens im Islam. Berolini: Hans Schiler, 2004
- Axel Monte, interpr., Streunende Gedanken. Monaci: Books Ex Oriente, 2012
- Mir Mustansir, interpr., Tulip in the Desert: a selection of the poetry of Muhammad Iqbal. Monte Regio: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2000
- R. A. Nicholson, interpr., The Secrets of the Self (Asrar-i-Khudi): a philosophical poem of Sheikh Muhammad Iqbal of Lahore. Londinii: Macmillan, 1920 Textus apud Internet Archive
- Annemarie Schimmel, interpr., Das Buch der Ewigkeit (Javīdnāma), Übers. Annemarie Schimmel, München 1957
- Annemarie Schimmel, interpr., Muhammad Iqbal, Botschaft des Ostens. Ausgewählte Werke. Tubingae: Horst Erdmann, 1977. ISBN 3-7711-0268-5
- Syed Akbar Ali Shah, interpr., Gabriel’s Wing [Bal-i-Jibril]. Islamabad, 1979
- Syed Akbar Ali Shah, interpr., The Rod of Moses [Zarb-i Kalim]. Lahorii, 1983
- Eva de Vitray-Meyerovitch, interpr., Mohammed Iqbal: Reconstruire la pensée de l’Islam. Lutetiae: Adrien Maisonneuve, 1955
- Eva de Vitray-Meyerovitch, Mohammed Achena, interprr., Mohammad Iqbal: Message de l’Orient. Lutetiae: Les Belles Lettres, 1956
- Eva de Vitray-Meyerovitch, interpr., Mohammad Iqbal: Le Livre de l’éternité. Lutetiae: Albin Michel, 1962
- Bibliographica
- Abdul Ghani, Khwaja Nur Ilahi, Bibliography of Iqbal. Lahorii, 1955[?]
- K. Abdul Waheed, A Bibliography of Iqbal. Karachi, 1965
- Malik Mueen Nawaz Azhar, A Bibliography of Articles on Iqbal, 1900-1977. Lahorii, 1978.
- Dieter Tailleu et al., A Descriptive Bibliography of Allama Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938). Lovanii, 2000
- De vita et opere
- "Special Report: The enduring vision of Iqbal 1877–1938" in Dawn (9 Novembris 2017)
- Hafeez Malik, ed., Iqbal: Poet-Philosopher of Pakistan. Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press, 1971
- Hafeez Malik, Lynda P. Malik, "The Life of the Poet-Philosopher" in Malik, ed. (1971) pp. 3-35
- Lini S. May, Iqbal: his life and times 1877–1938. Lahorii: Sh. Muhammad Ashraf, 1974
- Mir Mustansir, Iqbal. Londinii: I. B. Tauris, 2006. ISBN 1-84511-094-3.
- Khurram Ali Shafique, Iqbal: his life and our times. Lahorii: Iqbal Academy Pakistan, 2014. ISBN 978-0-9571416-6-7
- Khurram Ali Shafique, Iqbal: an illustrated biography. Lahorii: Iqbal Academy Pakistan, 2006
- Iqbal Singh, The Ardent Pilgrim: An introduction to the life and work of Muhammad Iqbal. Londinii: Longmans, Green, 1951
- De philosophia
- Abdennour Bidar, L'Islam face à la mort de Dieu: Actualité de Mohammed Iqbal. Lutetiae: François Bourin, 2010
- Souleymane Bachir Diagne, Islam et société ouverte: La fidélité et le mouvement dans la philosophie d'Iqbal. Lutetiae: Maisonneuve et Larose, 2001
- Souleymane Bachir Diagne, Bergson postcolonial: L'élan vital dans la pensée de Léopold Sédar Senghor et de Mohamed Iqbal. Lutetiae: CNRS éditions, 2011
- Riffat Hassan, An Iqbal Primer: An introduction to Iqbal’s philosophy. Lahorii: Aziz, 1979
- Annemarie Schimmel, Gabriel's Wing: A study of the religious ideas of Sir Muhammad Iqbal. Lugduni Batavorum: Brill, 1963
- Singh Sevea, The Political Philosophy of Muhammad Iqbal: Islam and nationalism in late colonial India. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 2012
- De litteris
- Anil Bhatti, "Iqbal and Goethe" in Yearbook of the Goethe Society of India (1999/2000) pp. 184-201
- Shamsur Rahman Faruqi, "How to Read Iqbal" in Annual of Urdu Studies vol. 20 (2005)
- Pervez Tahir, "Introducing Iqbal the Economist" in Pakistan Development Review vol. 40 no. 4ii (2001) pp. 1167–1176
- Gerald Zarr, "Muhammad Iqbal's Caravan of Verse" in Aramco World (Septembri 2012)
- Aliae encyclopaediae
- Riffat Hassan, "Iqbal, Muhammad (1877–1938)" in Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (1998: situs venalis)
- Sheila D. McDonough, "Sir Muhammad Iqbal" in Encyclopedia Britannica Online
- Annemarie Schimmel, "Iqbal, Muhammad" in Encyclopedia Iranica Online (2004/2012)
- Annemarie Schimmel, "Ikbal" in Encyclopaedia of Islam, nova ed., vol. 3 (Lugduni Batavorum: Brill, 1998) pp. 1057–1059
- M. Shabbir Ahsen, "Iqbal, Muhammad (1877–1938)" in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science, and Technology in Islam (Oxonii, 2014) vol. 1 pp. 400-403 (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)
- Bilgehan Yıldız, Siavash Saffari, "Iqbal, Muhammad (1877–1938)" in Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia (ABC-CLIO, 2017) vol. 2 pp. 733-737 (Paginae selectae apud Google Books)
Nexus externi
recensereVicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Mahometus Iqbal spectant (Allama Iqbal, Muhammad Iqbal). |
- Alifseye, poemata Urdu Allama Iqbal, 16 Novembris 2016.
- Bibliotheca interretialis Iqbal.
- The collection of Urdu poems: Columbia University.
- Allama Iqbal Urdu Poetry Collection.
- Dr. Sir Muhammad Iqbal: situs de vita et opere
- "Biography" apud situm Dr. Sir Muhammad Iqba'
- Ghulam Hussain Malik, "Allama Muhammad Iqbal: Poet-philosopher of Pakistan" apud Maverick Pakistanis
- "Allama Muhammad Iqbal Philosopher, poet, and Political leader"
- Khurram Ali Shafique, "An extensive timeline of Allama Iqbal’s life"
- Tahir Gul Hasan, "Allama Iqbal: A letter to The Times"; "Iqbal at Close Range"; "Iqbal in Love with Emma Wegenast"