Ithomiini

Ithomiini sunt tribus papilionum subfamiliae Danainarum familiae Nymphalidarum. Aliquando appellantur tribus papilionum alarum pellucidarum vel etiam alarum vitrearum. Nonnulli eruditi dicunt hunc gregem esse subfamiliam, Ithomiinas. Qui papiliones solum sunt neotropici, in silvis umidis ab aequore maris ad 3000 metra, a Mexico ad Argentinam. Circa 370 species in 40–45 genera digeruntur.

Pteronomyia apuleia e Bolivia

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Animalia — Arthropoda

Subdivisio : 43 genera; vide commentarium 
Classis : Insecta 
Ordo : Lepidoptera 
Superfamilia : Papilionoidea 
Familia : Nymphalidae 
Subfamilia : Danainae 
Tribus : Ithomiini 

   

Subdivisiones: Genera

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Larvae ithomiinorum plerumque solanaceis vescuntur. Exceptiones sunt Tithorea, Aeria, et Elzunia (genera prima), quae, sicut Tellervo nonnullaeque Danainae, quae lianis Echitearum (apocynacearum et apocynoidearum), ac Megoleria et Hyposcada, quae gesneriaceis vescuntur.

Taxinomia Ithomiinorum

Tribus Ithomiini Godman & Salvin, 1879

• Subtribus Tithoreina Fox, 1940
  • Elzunia Bryk, 1937
  • Tithorea Doubleday, 1847 (= Hirsutis Haensch, 1909)
  • Aeria Hübner, 1816
• Subtribus Melinaeina Clark, 1947
  • Athesis Doubleday, 1847 (= Roswellia Fox, 1948)
  • Eutresis Doubleday, 1847
  • Athyrtis C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862
  • Paititia Lamas, 1979
  • Olyras Doubleday, 1847
  • Patricia Fox, 1940
  • Melinaea Hübner, 1816 (= homonymum Melinaea Bates, 1862; = Czakia Kremky, 1925)
• Subtribus Mechanitina Bar, 1878
  • Methona Doubleday, 1847 (= Gelotophye d'Almeida, 1940)
  • Thyridia Hübner, 1816 (= Xanthocleis Boisduval, 1870; = Aprotopus Kirby, 1871; = Aprotopos Kirby, 1871)
  • Scada Kirby, 1871 (= homonym Salacia Hübner, 1823; = Heteroscada Schatz, 1886)
  • Sais Hübner, 1816
  • Forbestra Fox, 1967
  • Mechanitis Fabricius, 1807 (= homonymum Nereis Hübner, 1806; = unavailable name Hymenitis Illiger, 1807; = Epimetes Billberg, 1820)
• Subtribus Napeogenina
  • Aremfoxia Réal, 1971
  • Epityches d'Almeida, 1938 (= homonymum Tritonia Geyer, 1832)
  • Hyalyris Boisduval, 1870 (= Oreogenes Stichel, 1899)
  • Napeogenes Bates, 1862 (= homonymum Ceratonia Boisduval, 1870; = Choridis Boisduval, 1870)
  • Hypothyris Hübner, 1821 (= Mansueta d'Almeida, 1922; = Pseudomechanitis Röber, 1930; = Garsauritis d'Almeida, 1938; = Rhodussa d'Almeida, 1939)
• Subtribus Ithomiina Godman & Salvin, 1879
  • Placidina d'Almeida, 1928 (= Placidula d'Almeida, 1922)
  • Pagyris Boisduval, 1870 (= Miraleria Haensch, 1903)
  • Ithomia Hübner, 1816 (= Dynothea Reakirt, 1866)
• Subtribus Oleriina
  • Megoleria Constantino, 1999
  • Hyposcada Godman & Salvin, 1879
  • Oleria Hübner, 1816 (= Leucothyris Boisduval, 1870; = Ollantaya Brown & Freitas, 1994)
• Subtribus Dircennina d'Almeida, 1941
  • Ceratinia Hübner, 1816 (= Calloleria Godman & Salvin, 1879; = Epileria Rebel, 1902; = Teracinia Röber, 1910)
  • Callithomia Bates, 1862 (= Cleodis Boisduval, 1870; = Epithomia Godman & Salvin, 1879; = Corbulis Boisduval, 1870; = Leithomia Masters, 1973)
  • Dircenna Doubleday, 1847
  • Hyalenna Forbes, 1942
  • Episcada Godman & Salvin, 1879 (= Ceratiscada Brown & d'Almeida, 1970; = Prittwitzia Brown, Mielke & Ebert, 1970)
  • Haenschia Lamas, 2004
  • Pteronymia Butler & H. Druce, 1872 (= Ernicornis Capronnier, 1874; = Parapteronymia Kremky, 1925; = Talamancana Haber, Brown & Freitas, 1994)
• Subtribus Godyridina
  • Velamysta Haensch, 1909
  • Godyris Boisduval, 1870 (= Dismenitis Haensch, 1903; = Dygoris Fox, 1945)
  • Veladyris Fox, 1945
  • Hypoleria Godman & Salvin, 1879 (= homonym Pigritia d'Almeida, 1922; = homonym Pigritina Hedicke, 1923; = homonymum Heringia d'Almeida, 1924)
  • Brevioleria Lamas, 2004
  • Mcclungia Fox, 1940
  • Greta Hemming, 1934 (= homonymum Hymenitis Hübner, 1819; = Hypomenitis Fox, 1945)
  • Heterosais Godman & Salvin, 1880 (= Rhadinoptera d'Almeida, 1922)
  • Pseudoscada Godman & Salvin, 1879 (= Languida d'Almeida, 1922)

Nexus interni

• Colores animalium
• Imitatio

Bibliographia

• Brown Jr., K. S., et A. V. L. Freitas. 1994. "Juvenile stages of Ithomiinae: overview and systematics (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)." Tropical Lepidoptera 5 (1): 9-20. PDF.
• Haensch, Richard. 1907. "5: The Macrolepidoptera of the American faunistic region. Danaidae." In The Macrolepidoptera of the World, ed. A. Seitz, 5: 113-71. Editio interretialis.
• Lamas, G. 1999. "Nymphalidae II Pt. 3 Ithomiinae." In Butterflies of the World, ed. E. . Bauer et T. Frankenbach, 1–17). Keltern Germaniae: Goecke & Evers. ISBN 978-3-931374-66-2.
• Vasconcellos-Neto, João, et Thomas M. Lewinsohn. 1984. "Discrimination and release of unpalatable butterflies by Nephila clavipes, a Neotropical orb-weaving spider." Ecological Entomology 9, no. 3 (Augustus): 337–44. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1984.tb00857.x. s2cid=83792953. Editio interretialis.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Ithomiinos spectant.

• "Illustrated Checklist." Florida Museum.
• General information on ithomiine butterflies
• "Learn about butterflies." Photographemata imitationis in Methona confusa.
• Pteron. Ctngua Iaponiensis, sed cum binominibus.
• TOL.