Hypogaeum

Hypogaeum (Graece hypo + gaia^[1]) vel hypogaeum plerumque est templum vel sepulcrum subterraneum antiquum. Christiani similia templa, sepulcra, cryptasque subterranea aedificabant, quas catacumbas appellabant, sed haec fana fuit variatio solum nomine, non proposito vel ritu, atque investigationes archaeologicae historicaeque probant ea efficienter easdem res fuisse.

Aditus ad sepulcrum Theban Necropolis—TT 353, iussu Sen-en-Mut aedificatum, 97.36m longum, 41.93m profundum.

Apud Werner Jacobsen legimus:

Episcopi-sancti saeculorum tertii et quarti, sicut alii Romani gloriae studiosi, plerumque in hypogaeis in sepulcretis extra moenia eorum urbium sepeliebantur; saepe solum miracula ad eorum sepulcra fecerunt ut eorum successores descriptiones recentiores caperent. Benignus (mortuus circa 274), episcopus et sanctus Divionensis, in magno sarcophago in sepulcro conclave in sepulcreto Romano sepultus est. Ante autem saeculum sextum, sepulcrum iamdudum ruinae factum erat, et rem paganam censebatur, etiam a Gregorio episcopo Lingonensi.^[2]

Hypogaea saepe aedicula pro reliquiis humanis crematis vel loculos pro reliquiis sepultis continent. Sepulcra huius generis aliquando sepulcra aedificata appellantur.^[3]

Vocabulum hypogaeum etiam ullum aedificium vel subterraneam aedificii partem attingere potest, sicut cuniculi sub Amphitheatro Flavio qui animalia servosque (praecipue captos) continebant cum ludos gladiatoriales exspectarent. Quae animalia servique per ostia occulta sub harena aliquando per pugnam attolli potebant.

Nexus interni

Notae

↑ Curl 2006.
↑ Anglice: Like other ambitious Romans, the bishop-saints of the third and fourth centuries were usually buried in hypogea in the cemeteries outside the walls of their cities; often it was only miracles at their tombs that caused their successors to adopt more up-to-date designs. In Dijon the saint and bishop Benignus (d. c. 274) was buried in a large sarcophagus in a chamber tomb in the Roman cemetery. By the sixth century the tomb had long since fallen into disrepair and was regarded as pagan, even by Bishop Gregory of Langres (Jacobsen 1997: 1127).
↑ Hadjisavvas 2013.

Bibliographia

Curl, James Stevens. 2006. A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture. Ed. 2a. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198606788.
Hadjisavvas, Sophocles. 2013. The Phoenician Period Necropolis of Kition. Vol. 2. Shelby White and Leon Levy Program for Archaeological Publications.
Jacobsen, Werner. 1997. Saints' Tombs in Frankish Church Architecture. Speculum 72(4): 1107–1143.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad hypogaeum spectant.

Hypogeum of the Volumnis. CyArk.

[1] Curl 2006.

[2] Anglice: Like other ambitious Romans, the bishop-saints of the third and fourth centuries were usually buried in hypogea in the cemeteries outside the walls of their cities; often it was only miracles at their tombs that caused their successors to adopt more up-to-date designs. In Dijon the saint and bishop Benignus (d. c. 274) was buried in a large sarcophagus in a chamber tomb in the Roman cemetery. By the sixth century the tomb had long since fallen into disrepair and was regarded as pagan, even by Bishop Gregory of Langres (Jacobsen 1997: 1127).

[3] Hadjisavvas 2013.

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