Familia Cim
dynastia Sinica
Familia Cim[1] sive Qīng (清朝 Qīng cháo, Ch'ing ch'ao; Mandshurice: ᡩᠠᡳᠴᡳᠩ
ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ Daicing gurun; Mongolice: Манж Чин Улс), familia quoque Tartaro-Sinica vocata[2], fuit ultima Sinae regnatrix domus, cuius imperatores 1644 usque ad 1912 regnarunt (cum brevi refectione abortiva anno 1917). Ea Domui Mim substituit et a Republica Sinensi substituitur.
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Condita est domus ab Aisin Gioro, gente Jurcheniana, in regione nunc Mandshuria in Sina septentrionali et occidentali appellata.
Index Imperatorum recensere
- Thienmingus (Nurhaci), mortem post creatus
- Zungteus (Hong Taiji sive Abahai), regnavit 1636 ad 1643
- Xunchius, regnavit 1644 ad 1661
- Kam-Hi, regnavit 1661 ad 1722
- Yongzheng, regnavit 1722 ad 1735
- Qianlong, regnavit 1735 ad 1796
- Jiaqing, regnavit 1796 ad 1820
- Daoguang, regnavit 1820 ad 1850
- Xianfeng, regnavit 1850 ad 1861
- Tongzhi, regnavit 1861 ad 1875
- Guangxu, regnavit 1875 ad 1908
- Xuantong, regnavit 1908 ad 1912
Pinacotheca recensere
Nexus interni
| Antecessor: Familia Mim |
Familiae imperiales Sinarum Familia Cim 1644–1912 |
Successor: Res publica Sinarum |
Notae recensere
- ↑ Philippus Couplet, Praefatio ad Tabulam Chronologicam Sinicae Monarchiae, p. 36.
- ↑ Couplet, p. 94.
Bibliographia recensere
- Bartlett, Beatrice S. 1991. Monarchs and Ministers: The Grand Council in Mid-Ch'ing China, 1723–1820. Berkeley et Los Angeles: University of California Press.
- Ebrey, Patricia. 1993. Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook. Novi Eboraci: Simon and Schuster.
- Elliott, Mark C. 2000. "The Limits of Tartary: Manchuria in Imperial and National Geographies." Journal of Asian Studies 59:603-646.
- Elliot, Mark C. 2001. The Manchu Way: The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
- Faure, David. 2007. Emperor and Ancestor: State and Lineage in South China.
- Rawski, Evelyn S. 1998. The Last Emperors: A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions. Berkeley et Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21289-4.
- Rhoads, Murphey. 2006. East Asia: A New History. Ed. 4a.
- Smith, Richard Joseph. 1994. China's Cultural Heritage: The Qing Dynasty, 1644–1912[nexus deficit]. Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-1347-3.
- Spence, Jonathan. 1990. The Search for Modern China. New York: W. W. Norton.
- Spence, Jonathan. 1997. God's Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan. New York: W. W. Norton.
- Têng, Ssu-yü, et John King Fairbank, eds. 1979. China's Response to the West: A Documentary Survey, 1839–1923. Cantabrigiae: Harvard University Press.
- Tong, Chee Kiong, et Kwok B. Chan. 2001. Alternate Identities: The Chinese of Contemporary Thailand.
- Torbert, Preston M. 1977. The Chʻing Imperial Household Department: A Study of Its Organization and Principal Functions, 1662–1796. Cantabrigiae: Harvard University Asia Center. ISBN 0-674-12761-7.
- Wakeman, Frederic. 1985. The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-century China[nexus deficit]. Berkeley et Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-04804-0.
- Myers, H. Ramon, et Yeh-Chien Wang. 2003. "Economic developments, 1644–1800." In The Cambridge History of China: Volume 9: The Ch'ing Empire to 1800, ed. Willard Peterson, 563-647. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-24334-6.
- Waley-Cohen, Joanna. 2006. The culture of war in China: empire and the military under the Qing Dynasty. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 1-84511-159-1.
- Woo, X. L. 2002. Empress dowager Cixi: China's last dynasty and the long reign of a formidable concubine: legends and lives during the declining days of the Qing Dynasty. Algora Publishing. ISBN 1-892941-88-0.
Nexus interni
Nexus externi recensere
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Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Domus Qing spectant. |