Caedes in navi Zong

Caedes in navi Zong fuit internecio 133 servorum Africanorum a nautis Zong navis servorum diebus post diem 29 Novembris 1781 facta. Syndicatus venalicius Gregson, Liverpolii situs, qui navem tenebat, ea in commercio servorum^(en) Atlantico utebatur. Ex consuetudine talium societatum, cautionem pro servis praestiterat (pecunia data de iacturis servorum sarciendis caverat). Cum post errores navigationis magna pars aquae potabilis consumpta fuisset, nautae servos in mare proiecerunt ut submergerentur, partim ad nautas servandas, partim ad pecuniam pro servis datam recipiendam, ne argentum perderent propter servos qui aqua carentes in navi mortui essent.

Navis servorum^(en) (The Slave Ship), pictura olearia a Iosepho Turner picta, argumento ex caede Zong capto (Burroughs 2010: 106).

Postquam navis in Flumen Nigrum^(en) portum Iamaicensem venit, eius possessores a cautionis praebitoribus pecuniam pro iacturis servorum postulaverunt. Illi cum pendere recusavissent, a navis possessoribus in iudicium vocati sunt. In causa Gregson v Gilbert (1783; 3 Doug. KB 232) iudicatum est interfectionem servorum aliquando legitimam esse et praebitores cautionis pro mortuis servis pendere debere. Deinde in appellatione comes Mansfeldensis^(en), iudex principalis, contra possessores navis iudicavit propter nova indicia quae culpam navarchi et nautarum demonstraret.

Post primum iudicium, Olaudah Equiano libertinus^(en) nuntium de caede adversario servitutis Granville Sharp^(en) dixit, qui frustra laboraverat ut nautae homicidii accusarentur. Propter disceptationem legitimam, fama de caede late divulgata est, saeculo duodevicensimo exeunte, saeculo undevicensimo ineunte motum abolitionismi excitans, cui res Zong fuit signum immanitatis venalicii. Societas ad abolitionem venalicii efficiendam anno 1787 condita est. Anno sequenti, Parlamentum Britannicum primam legem de venalicio tulit, quae numerum servorum in una nave permissum determinavit. Anno praeterea 1791, Parlamentum prohibuit ne societates cautionis pecuniam possessoribus navium pro servis eiectis redderent.

Caedes in navi Zong scriptores et artifices ad opera creanda movit. Londinii anno 2007 commemmorata est inter conventus qui Actum de abolitione venalicii anni 1807 celebraverunt. Monumentum de servis in Zong interfectis ad flumen Black Iamaicae positum est.

Notae

Bibliographia

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