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Linea 1: {{L}} [[Fasciculus:Classical-Definition-of-Kno.svg\|thumb\|Secundum [[Plato]]nem, omnis [[Scientia (ratio)\|scientia]] (circulus [[flavus]]) est propositio vera (circulus [[ruber]]) et credita (circulus [[caeruleus]]). Tabula Anglice signata.]] '''Epistemologia''' (ab [[lingua Anglica\|Anglico]] ''epistemology'' a verbis [[lingua Graeca\|Graecis]] [[wiktionary:ἐπιστήμη\|ἐπιστήμη]] 'scientia' + [[wiktionary:λόγος\|λόγος]] 'sermo; ratio' deductum) est pars [[philosophia]]e quae de [[natura]] et finibus [[~~scientia~~Scientia (ratio)\|scientiae]]e et [[perceptio]]nis tractat.<ref>{{cite book \| last1 = G & C. Merriam Co. \| authorlink1 = Merriam-Webster \| title = Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary \| edition = [[1913]] \| editors = Noah Porter \| publisher = G & C. Merriam Co. \| year = [[1913]] \| page = 501 \| url = http://machaut.uchicago.edu/?resource=Webster%27s&word=epistemology&use1913=on \| accessdate = [[13 Maii]] [[2012]] \| quote = Epis`temol"ogy (?), n. [Gr. knowledge + -logy.] The theory or science of the method or grounds of knowledge}}.</ref><ref>''Encyclopedia of Philosophy,'' vol. 3 (Macmillan, 1967).</ref> Quaestiones magni momenti in epistemologia sunt: Quid sit scientia * Quomodo adsumatur scientia * Quot res sciri possint. Disceptationes in hac disciplina ortae plerumque ad ingenium scientiae [[explicatio philodophica\|explicandum]] contulerunt, et quidem ad id pertinuerunt, quomodo haec disputationes ad notiones propinquas — [[veritas\|veritatem]], [[fides\|fidem]], [[theoria iustificationis\|iustificationem]] — referantur. [[scepticismus\|Sceptici]] autem docent nullam scientiam certam esse. Omnia haec aliquando ''doctrina scientiae'' appellantur. Nomen ''epistemology'' a [[Iacobus Fridericus Ferrier\|Iacobo Friderico Ferrier]] (1808–1864) [[philosophus\|philosopho]] [[Scotia\|Scotico]] [[Anglice]] excogitatum est.<ref>''Encyclopaedia Britannica Online,'' 2007.</ref> == Scientia quod, scientia quomodo, scientia per familiaritatem == Hoc in commentario, et latissime in epistemologia, genus scientiae usitate disceptum est [[scientia propositionalis]], etiam "scientia quod" appellatum, notio quae a "scientia quomodo" et "scientia per familiaritatem" distinguenda est. Exempli gratia: in [[mathematica]], scitur ''quod'' 2 + 2 = 4, sed est scientia ''quomodo'' addere [[duo]]s [[numerus\|numeros]] et scire ''[[persona]]m'' (e.g., se), ''locum'' (e.g., sui locus natalis), ''rem'' (e.g., [[automobile\|automobilia]]), vel ''industriam'' (e.g., additio). Nonnulli [[philosophus\|philosophi]] putant esse distinctionem magni momenti inter "scientiam quod," "scientiam quomodo," et "scientiam per familiaritatem," quarum epistemologia praecipue primam curat.<!--NOTA IN EN OMITTITUR--> Linea 17: Temporibus recentioribus, nonnulli epistemologi ([[Ioannes Greco (philosophus)\|Greco]], [[Ionathan Kvanvig\|Kvanvig]], [[Ernestus Sosa\|Sosa]], [[Linda Trinkaus Zagzebski\|Zagzebski]]) arguerunt epistemologiam proprietates hominum (h.e., virtutes intellectus) et non solum proprietates propositionum vel animorum propositionalium aestimandam esse. == Scholae Epistemologiae == * [[Empirismus]] * [[Ontologia]] Linea 25: * [[Scepticismus]] == Epistemologi clarissimi == * [[Aristoteles]] * [[Renatus Cartesius]] Linea 33: * [[Benedictus de Spinoza]] == Vide etiam == * [[Agnotologia]] * [[Doctrina incertitudinis]] * [[Editologia]] * [[Epistemologia cybernetica]] * [[Epistemologia evolutionaris]] * [[Epistemologia formalis]] * [[Epistemologia Orientalis]] * [[Epistemologia reformata]] * [[Epistemologia socialis]] * [[Epistemologia virtutis]] * [[Evidentialismus]] * [[Evidentialitas]] * [[Metaepistemologia]] * [[Methodologia]] * [[Noologia]] * [[Nyaya]] * [[Ontologia physica]] * [[Phaneron]] * [[Probabilitas Bayesiana]] * [[Sociologia scientiae]] * [[Transcendentia (philosophia)\|Transcendentia]] * [[Trilemma Agrippae]]<!-- Adaptive representation Conveyed concept Linea 66: Self-evidence--> == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ===Bibliographia===<!-- * The [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/philosophy/LPSG/ London Philosophy Study Guide] offers many suggestions on what to read, depending on the student's familiarity with the subject: [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/philosophy/LPSG/Ep&Meth.htm Epistemology & Methodology]--> * Annis, David. [[1978]]. A Contextualist Theory of Epistemic Justification. ''American Philosophical Quarterly'' 15:213–219. * [[Alfredus Iulius Ayer\|Ayer, Alfred Jules]]. [[1936]]. ''Language, Truth, and Logic.'' * BonJour, Laurence. [[2002]]. ''Epistemology: Classic Problems and Contemporary Responses.'' Lanham, Terrae Mariae: Rowman & Littlefield. * Boufoy-Bastick, Z. [[2005]]. Introducing "Applicable Knowledge" as a Challenge to the Attainment of Absolute Knowledge. ''Sophia: Journal of Philosophy'' 8:39–51. * [[Lucas Bovens\|Bovens, Luc]], et Stephan Hartmann. [[2003]]. ''Bayesian Epistemology.'' Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. * [[Panayot Butchvarov\|Butchvarov, Panayot]]. [[1970]]. ''The Concept of Knowledge.'' Evanston: Northwestern University Press. Linea 81: * Dancy, Jonathan. [[1991]]. ''An Introduction to Contemporary Epistemology.'' Ed. 2a. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-631-13622-3. * [[Keith DeRose\|DeRose, Keith]]. [[1992]]. Contextualism and Knowledge Attributions. ''Philosophy and Phenomenological Research'' 15:213–219. * [[Keith DeRose\|DeRose, Keith]]. [[1999]]. Contextualism: An Explanation and Defense. In ''Blackwell Guide to Epistemology,'' ed. J. Greco et E. Sosa. Blackwell Publishing. * [[Renatus Cartesius\|Descartes, Rene]]. [[1641]]. ''Meditations on First Philosophy.'' * Feldman, Richard. [[1999]]. Contextualism and Skepticism. In ''Epistemology,'' ed. James Tomberlin, 91–114. Blackwell Publishing. Linea 115: * Tomberlin, James, ed. [[1999]]. ''Epistemology.'' Philosophical Perspectives, 13. Blackwell Publishing. * [[Ludovicus Wittgenstein\|Wittgenstein, Ludwig]]. [[1922]]. ''[[Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus]].'' Conv. C. K. Ogden. Dover. [http://www.kfs.org/~jonathan/witt/tlph.html Liber interretialis.] {{1000 paginae}}▼ [[Categoria:Epistemologia]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Verba Graeca]] ▲{{1000 paginae}} {{Link GA\|de}}

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