Forma stemmatica

Forma stemmatica (Theodisce Stammbaum) est via ac ratio, qua linguarum cognationes in linguistica historica describi solent eodem fere modo quo in biologia specierum evolutio arbore phylogenetica describitur. Nam quaeque lingua, velut species, ex uno parente nata esse putatur, unde lingua patria vel lingua materna aliquando appellatur. Itaque linguae, quae proavum communem habent, eandem familiam linguarum faciunt.

Classificatio familiarum linguarum Africae.

Arbor linguistica Austro-Asiatica.

Forma stemmatica Maya.

Notio stemmatis (arbore genealogica Darwiniana excitata) ab Augusto Schleicher, linguista Germanico, anno 1853 proposita est.

Nexus interni

• Classificatio biologica
• Methodus historico-comparativa
• Linguistica evolutionaria
• Taxinomia

Bibliographia

• Bloomfield, Leonard. 1933, 1984. Language. Sicagi et Londinii: University of Chicago Press.
• François, Alexandre. 2014. Trees, Waves and Linkages: Models of Language Diversification. In The Routledge Handbook of Historical Linguistics, ed. Claire Bowern wr Bethwyn Evans, 161–189. Londinii: Routledge. ISBN 9780415527897. PDF.
• Heggarty, Paul, Warren Maguire, et April McMahon. 2010. Splits or waves? Trees or webs? How divergence measures and network analysis can unravel language histories. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 365:3829–3843. doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0099.
• List, Johann-Mattis, Shijulal Nelson-Sathi, Hans Geisler, et William Martin. 2014. Networks of lexical borrowing and lateral gene transfer in language and genome evolution. BioEssays 36(2):141–150. ISSN 0265-9247. doi:10.1002/bies.201300096.
• Nakhleh, Luay, Don Ringe, et Tandy Warnow. 2005. Perfect Phylogenetic Networks: A New Methodology for Reconstructing the Evolutionary History of Natural Languages. Linguistic Society of America 81(2):382–420. PDF.
• Young, Thomas. 1813, 1814. Adlung's General History of Languages. The Quarterly Review, 10:250–292.Londinii: John Murray.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad cartae et arbores linguarum spectant.

• Labov, William. 2010. The Diffusion of Language from Place to Place. In Cognition and Cultural Factors, capitulum 15. Principles of Linguistic Change, 3. Wiley-Blackwell. scribd.com.^{[nexus deficit]}
• Santorini, Beatrice, et Anthony Kroch. 2007. Node Relations. In The syntax of natural language: An online introduction using the Trees program. Philadelphiae: University of Pennsylvania. ling.upenn.edu.