Emberiza
Emberiza est genus avium Mundi Veteris ordinis Passeriformium, solum genus familiae Emberizidarum. Quae aves plerumque seminibus vescuntur, rostris brevibus conicisque praeditae.
Taxinomia
recensereFamilia Emberizidarum olim in taxinomia scientifica maior erat, et species nunc in Passarellidas (passeros Mundi Novi) et Calcariidas digestas comprehendebat. Studia autem phylogenetica molecularia invenit familiam in cladis distictis consistere qui melius familiae separatae tractentur.[1][2]
Genus Emberiza nunc est solum genus in familiam Emberizidarum digestum.[3] Quod genus a Carolo Linnaeo, naturalista Suecico, anno 1758 in decima(en) Systematis Naturae editione introductum est.[4] Typus generis deinde Emberiza citrinella appellatus est.[5] Nomen Emberiza ex Embritz in lingua Theodisca superiore antiqua deducitur.[6]
Studium geneticum anno 2008 invenit tris species emberizidarum quae in sua genera monotypica digerebantur sese intra Emberizam colligere solebant. Quae species erant Melophus lathami, Latouchiornis siemsseni, Miliaria calandra,[7] quarum omnes nunc in genus Emberizam digeruntur.[3]
Magnum passerorum studium in DNA conditum annoque 2019 prolatum dixit Emberizas generi Calcario specieique Plectrophenaci nivali familiae Calcariidarum artissime cognatas esse.[8]
Eduardus C. Dickinson ornithologus et Leslie Christidis in quarta Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World editione Emberiza diffindunt et genera Fringillariam, Melophum, Granativoram, Emberizam, et Schoeniclum agnoscunt.[9] Quod autem exemplum neque in interretiali Handbook of the Birds of the World editione,[10] neque in indice avium omnis orbis terrarum quem Frank Gill et David Donsker pro International Ornithologists' Union tenent reicitur.[3] British Ornithologists' Union arguit genus diffindere minimum bonum praebere et taxinomiam reapse labefactare.[11]
Index specierum
recensereGeneri sunt quadraginta quattuor species.[3]
- Emberiza lathami
- Emberiza siemsseni
- Emberiza calandra
- Emberiza citrinella
- Emberiza leucocephalos
- Emberiza cia
- Emberiza godlewskii
- Emberiza cioides
- Emberiza stewarti
- Emberiza jankowskii
- Emberiza buchanani
- Emberiza cineracea
- Emberiza hortulana
- Emberiza caesia
- Emberiza cirlus
- Emberiza striolata
- Emberiza sahari
- Emberiza impetuani
- Emberiza tahapisi
- Emberiza goslingi
- Emberiza socotrana
- Emberiza capensis
- Emberiza vincenti
- Emberiza tristrami
- Emberiza fucata
- Emberiza pusilla
- Emberiza chrysophrys
- Emberiza rustica
- Emberiza elegans
- Emberiza aureola
- Emberiza poliopleura
- Emberiza flaviventris
- Emberiza affinis
- Emberiza cabanisi
- Emberiza rutila
- Emberiza koslowi
- Emberiza melanocephala
- Emberiza bruniceps
- Emberiza sulphurata
- Emberiza spodocephala
- Emberiza variabilis
- Emberiza pallasi
- Emberiza yessoensis
- Emberiza schoeniclus
Etiam est species exstincta:
Notae
recensere- ↑ Barker, F. K.; Burns, K. J.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S. M.; Lovette, I. J. (2013). "Going to extremes: contrasting rates of diversification in a recent radiation of New World passerine birds". Systematic Biology 62 (2): 298–320
- ↑ Barker, F. K.; Burns, K. J.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S. M.; Lovette, I.J. (2015). "New insights into New World biogeography: An integrated view from the phylogeny of blackbirds, cardinals, sparrows, tanagers, warblers, and allies". Auk 132 (2): 333–346.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2018). "Buntings". World Bird List Version 8.1. International Ornithologists' Union.
- ↑ Linnaeus, Carolus (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Volume 1 (decima ed.). Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii. p. 176.
- ↑ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 5
- ↑ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. Londinii: Christopher Helm. p. 145. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ↑ Alström, P.; Olsson, U.; Lei, F.; Wang, H.; Gao, W.; Sundberg, P. (2008). "Phylogeny and classification of the Old World Emberizini (Aves, Passeriformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47 (3): 960–973
- ↑ Oliveros, C. H. (2019). "Earth history and the passerine superradiation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 116 (16): 7916–25.
- ↑ The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines (quarta ed.). Eastbourne Britanniarum Regni: Aves Press. 2014. pp. 353–357. ISBN 978-0-9568611-2-2.
- ↑ del Hoyo, Joseph, ed. "Taxonomic structure and notes: Emberizidae". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions.
- ↑ Sangster, G. (2016). "Taxonomic recommendations for Western Palearctic birds: 11th report". Ibis 158 (1): 206–212.
Bibliographia
recensere- Olsson, Urban, et Jon Curson. 1995. Buntings and Sparrows: A Guide to the Buntings and North American Sparrows. Illust. Clive Byers. Bostoniae: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 1-873403-19-4.
Nexus externi
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- Pelliculae, photographemata, soni. Internet Bird Collection.