Bloody Mary

Bloody Mary (nomen Anglicum, ad pedem litterarum "Maria sanguinolenta") est potio mixta generis cocktail. Sunt qui censent hanc e potionibus saeculi XIX exeunte devolvisse, videlicet oyster cocktail et tomato juice cocktail ("potio mixta ex ostreis" et "potio mixta iuris lycopersicorum"):^[1] hae autem aquam vitae minime continebant.

Evolutio potionis et nominis

In Bloody Mary vodca et ius lycopersicorum commiscentur: quam mixturam sine nomine inventoris Londinii ab actrice quadam anno 1933,^[2] in Civitatibus Foederatis anno 1936 a "professoribus eruditis" consumendam refertur.^[3] Nomen Bloody Mary non ante annum 1939 legitur.^[4] Statim Georgius Jessel comoedus Neo-Eboracensis "primus inventor" fuisse asseveratur huius potionis.^[5]

Primum anno 1939 praeceptum talis potionis, iure limonum et liquamine Tabasco accommodatum, nomine George Jessel's Pick-Me-Up, divulgatum est:

RESTAURANS GEORGII JESSEL: 2 uncias vodca, 6 uncias iuris lycopersicorum, 2 iactus liquaminis Tabasco, ius dimidiae limonis cum glacie quassas, in cyathum profundum immittis. ^[6]

Ganeo autem Lucius Beebe vodcae et iuris lycopersicorum easdem mensuras requirebat;^[5] ille anno 1946 methodum suam edidit, iuris lycopersici duas partes, vodcae unam, loco liquaminis Tabasci elixir amarum Angusturense bis iniectum praescribens.^[7] Praeceptum haud dissimile, novis condimentis additis, iam anno 1941 divulgatum erat sub nomine Red snapper (i.e. "piscis Lutjanus campechanus", ad pedem litterarum "mordax ruber"). Praeceptum deversorio S. Regis Neo-Eboracensi^(en) attributum est:

MORDAX RUBER: 2 unc. iuris lycopersicorum, 2 unc. vodcae, dimidium cochlearulum liquaminis Vigorniensis, scripulum salis, scripulum pulveris cayennae, iactum iuris limonum, salque piperque et pulverem capsicorum ad libitum bene quassas, in cyatho Delmonico infer.^[8]

Georgius Jessel anno 1956 primam inventionem mixturae sibi reclamaverit his verbis, quibus societas Smirnoff ad usum suum aliquid pretium dederat:

EGO GEORGIUS JESSEL BLOODY MARY PRIMUS INVENI: Bloody Mary vel Red Snapper vel "Restaurantem ex iure lycopersicorum" vel Morning Glory memet ipsum invenisse censeo. Nocte aliqua, diei alicuius hesterna, mihi necesse erat bonum nutritivumque ius lycopersicorum: nihilominus bonam vestram vodcam Smirnoff sitiebam. Quas potiones igitur commiscui: ius ad corpus medendum, vodcam ad spiritum sublevandum sumpsi, si non primus, certe laetissimus.^[9]

Sed in deversorio S. Regis pincerna annis 1940 merebat Ferdinandus Petiot^(en) Francicus: hic anno 1964 (nomine Red snapper iam oblito) sibi revendicaverit primam potionis perfectae Bloody Mary inventionem:

Potionem hodiernam Bloody Mary inauguravi ego. Georgius Jessel se creavisse praetendit, sed eam, quam accepi, nihil erat nisi vodca iusque lycopersicorum. Ego in fundo scyphi quattuor magnos iactus salis, duos piperis nigri, duos pulveris cayennae, stratum liquaminis Vigorniensis inspergo; iactum iuris limonum glaciemque confractam superaddo; duas uncias vodcae, duas uncias spissi lycopersicorum iuris infundo; quasso percoloque; effundo. Nos quotidie usque ad centum quinquaginta potiones Bloody Mary his in aulis tricliniisque [deversorii S. Regis] inferimus.^[10]

Annis posterioribus Jessel et Petiot, iam senescentes, historias de origine Bloody Mary narraverunt quae neque inter se, nec cum historia supra recitata, nec cum fontibus anterioribus consonant. Jessel se anno 1927 Palm Beach in urbe primum omnium confecisse ait.^[11] Petiot Lutetiae anno 1921, dum in New York Bar^(en) operam dabat, invenisse hanc potionem famosam fertur.^[12]

Variatio

Sunt qui eandem fere gallicaudam ex iuniperato (loco vodcae) conficiunt, nomine Bloody Margaret ("Margarita sanguinolenta") praeposito; nonnulli tequila aut mezcal utuntur, nomine Bloody Maria. In Canada iamdudum conficitur Bloody Caesar, iusculo Mercenariae mercenariae aliarumve Veneridarum cum iure lycopersicorum praecepto.

Usus medicinalis

Utilitas potionis Bloody Mary ad crapulam medendam a pluribus scriptoribus ab anno 1939 suggeritur.^[4]^[5] Ipse Georgius Jessel hoc beneficium inter primos invocavit.^[9] Plurimi tardius hanc facultatem laudaverunt.^[13]^[14]

Notae

↑ McGarry (2012)
↑ A certain actress now livens up her tomato-juice cocktail with a tot of vodka. She may be seen rolling this concoction round her pretty mouth in a new bar near Portland Place: The Bystander (7 Iunii 1933) p. 438 fide Popik (2004)
↑ "A mixture of vodka and tomato juice will have a most extraordinary effect upon learned professors": recensio mythistoriae Dwight Farnham, A Place in the Country (1936) in Sunday Times-Advertiser (Trentoniae in Nova Caesarea, 23 Augusti 1936) fasc. 4 p. 2 fide Popik (2004)
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Newest hangover cure to entrance the headholders at "21" is called a "Bloody Mary" -- tomato juice and vodka: Dorothy Kilgallen, "The Voice of Broadway" in Evening Times (Trentoniae, 22 Novembris 1939) p. 6 fide Popik (2004)
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 George Jessel's newest pick-me-up which is receiving attention from the town's paragraphers is called a Bloody Mary: half tomato juice, half vodka: Lucius Beebe, "This New York" in Herald Tribune (Novi Eboraci, 2 Decembris 1939) p. 9 fide Popik (2004) et OED
↑ George Jessel's Pick-Me-Up — 2 ounces vodka, 6 ounces tomato juice, 2 dashes Tobasco pepper sauce, juice of ½ lemon; shake together with ice and pour into a tall glass: Conolly (1939) fide McGarry (2012)
↑ Bloody Mary — 3 oz. vodka, 6 oz. tomato juice, 2 dashes of Angostura bitters, juice of half a lemon — shake together with ice or mix in Waring mixer and serve cold in highball glass: Beebe (1946) fide McGarry (2012)
↑ Mr. Lauryssen, as host at the St. Regis, has made that hotel an exemplar of excellence ... [he] sends me two recipes ... Red Snapper — 2 oz. tomato juice, 2 oz. vodka, ½ teaspoon Worcestershire [sauce], 1 pinch of salt, 1 pinch of cayenne pepper, 1 dash of lemon juice; salt, pepper and red pepper to taste — shake well and serve in a Delmonico glass: Gaige (1941) fide Popik (2004)
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 I, George Jessel, invented the Bloody Mary — "I think I invented the Bloody Mary, Red Snapper, Tomato Pickup or Morning Glory," reports George Jessel. "It happened on a Night before a Day and I felt I should take some good, nourishing tomato juice, but what I really wanted was some of your good Smirnoff Vodka. So I mixed them together, the juice for body and the vodka for spirit, and if I wasn't the first ever, I was the happiest ever": Collier's (30 Martii 1956) p. 65 in nuntio mercatorio
↑ I initiated the Bloody Mary of today ... George Jessel said he created it, but it was really nothing but vodka and tomato juice when I took it over. I cover the bottom of the shaker with four large dashes of salt, two dashes of black pepper, two dashes of cayenne pepper, and a layer of Worcestershire sauce; I then add a dash of lemon juice and some cracked ice, put in two ounces of vodka and two ounces of thick tomato juice, shake, strain, and pour. We serve a hundred to a hundred and fifty Bloody Marys a day here in the King Cole Room and in the other restaurants and the banquet rooms: New Yorker (1964) fide Popik (2004)
↑ Jessel (1975)
↑ Chronicle (1975)
↑ E.g. Sunday brunch with a Bloody Mary for $1.50 gets the UES boys on their feet after a big Saturday night: J. F. Hunter, Gay Insider (1971) p. 112 fide OED
↑ Vide praesertim Liu (2018)

Bibliographia

Fontes generales

Brian Bartels, The Bloody Mary: The Lore and Legend of a Cocktail Classic, with Recipes for Brunch and Beyond. Ten Speed Press, 2017
"Inventor of the Bloody Mary Dies" in San Francisco Chronicle (8 Ianuarii 1975) p. 44 Textus
George Jessel cum John Austin, The World I Live In (Chicagine: Regnery, 1975) p. 83 sqq. Textus
"Bloody Mary, n., 2" in The Oxford English Dictionary (Oxonii: Clarendon Press, 1989. 20 voll.)
David Wondrich, "Bloody Mary" in David Wondrich, Noah Rothbaum, edd., The Oxford Companion to Spirits and Cocktails (Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press, 2021. ISBN 978-0-19-931113-2) pp. 90-92

Praecepta

1939 : The World Famous Cotton Club: Barman Charlie Conolly's 1939 book of mixed drinks ("George Jessel's Pick-Me-Up")
1941 : Crosby Gaige, The Cocktail Guide and Ladies' Companion (Novi Eboraci: Granger) ("Red snapper")
1946 : Lucius Beebe, The Stork Club Bar Book (Novi Eboraci: Rinehart) p. 81 ("Bloody Mary")
1964 : "The Talk of the Town: Barman (M. Ferdinand Petiot)" in New Yorker (18 Iulii 1964) pp. 19-20
2016 : David Wondrich, "The Ultimate Bloody Mary Recipe" in Esquire (24 Martii 2016)

Nexus interni

Nexus externi

Jake Emen, "A Guide to the Bloody Mary and its Many Variations" (2016) apud Eater
Kevin Liu, "The Bloody Mary: The History and Science of an Oddball Classic" (2018) apud Serious Eats
Jack McGarry, Simon Difford, "Bloody Mary Cocktails: how to make and history" (2012?) apud Difford's Guide
Barry Popik, "Bloody Mary (cocktail)" (16 Iulii 2004)
Christopher Ross, "How the Bloody Mary lost its mind" (2016) apud Punch

[1] McGarry (2012)

[2] A certain actress now livens up her tomato-juice cocktail with a tot of vodka. She may be seen rolling this concoction round her pretty mouth in a new bar near Portland Place: The Bystander (7 Iunii 1933) p. 438 fide Popik (2004)

[3] "A mixture of vodka and tomato juice will have a most extraordinary effect upon learned professors": recensio mythistoriae Dwight Farnham, A Place in the Country (1936) in Sunday Times-Advertiser (Trentoniae in Nova Caesarea, 23 Augusti 1936) fasc. 4 p. 2 fide Popik (2004)

[Kilgallen_(1939)-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Newest hangover cure to entrance the headholders at "21" is called a "Bloody Mary" -- tomato juice and vodka: Dorothy Kilgallen, "The Voice of Broadway" in Evening Times (Trentoniae, 22 Novembris 1939) p. 6 fide Popik (2004)

[Beebe_(1939)-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 George Jessel's newest pick-me-up which is receiving attention from the town's paragraphers is called a Bloody Mary: half tomato juice, half vodka: Lucius Beebe, "This New York" in Herald Tribune (Novi Eboraci, 2 Decembris 1939) p. 9 fide Popik (2004) et OED

[6] George Jessel's Pick-Me-Up — 2 ounces vodka, 6 ounces tomato juice, 2 dashes Tobasco pepper sauce, juice of ½ lemon; shake together with ice and pour into a tall glass: Conolly (1939) fide McGarry (2012)

[7] Bloody Mary — 3 oz. vodka, 6 oz. tomato juice, 2 dashes of Angostura bitters, juice of half a lemon — shake together with ice or mix in Waring mixer and serve cold in highball glass: Beebe (1946) fide McGarry (2012)

[8] Mr. Lauryssen, as host at the St. Regis, has made that hotel an exemplar of excellence ... [he] sends me two recipes ... Red Snapper — 2 oz. tomato juice, 2 oz. vodka, ½ teaspoon Worcestershire [sauce], 1 pinch of salt, 1 pinch of cayenne pepper, 1 dash of lemon juice; salt, pepper and red pepper to taste — shake well and serve in a Delmonico glass: Gaige (1941) fide Popik (2004)

[Jessel_(1956)-9] 9.0 ^9.1 I, George Jessel, invented the Bloody Mary — "I think I invented the Bloody Mary, Red Snapper, Tomato Pickup or Morning Glory," reports George Jessel. "It happened on a Night before a Day and I felt I should take some good, nourishing tomato juice, but what I really wanted was some of your good Smirnoff Vodka. So I mixed them together, the juice for body and the vodka for spirit, and if I wasn't the first ever, I was the happiest ever": Collier's (30 Martii 1956) p. 65 in nuntio mercatorio

[10] I initiated the Bloody Mary of today ... George Jessel said he created it, but it was really nothing but vodka and tomato juice when I took it over. I cover the bottom of the shaker with four large dashes of salt, two dashes of black pepper, two dashes of cayenne pepper, and a layer of Worcestershire sauce; I then add a dash of lemon juice and some cracked ice, put in two ounces of vodka and two ounces of thick tomato juice, shake, strain, and pour. We serve a hundred to a hundred and fifty Bloody Marys a day here in the King Cole Room and in the other restaurants and the banquet rooms: New Yorker (1964) fide Popik (2004)

[11] Jessel (1975)

[12] Chronicle (1975)

[13] E.g. Sunday brunch with a Bloody Mary for $1.50 gets the UES boys on their feet after a big Saturday night: J. F. Hunter, Gay Insider (1971) p. 112 fide OED

[14] Vide praesertim Liu (2018)

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