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'''Neurotransmissor''' (-oris, m.) sive '''neurotransmittens'''<ref name="NH">Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FICAT) (2005). Terminologia Histologica. International terms for human cytology and histology. Philadelphia/Baltimore/New York/London/Buenos Aires/Hong Kong/Sydney/Tokyo: Wolter Kluwers-Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.</ref> est [[Biochemia|substantia biochemica]] [[endogenia|endogena]] quae signa ex [[neuronum|neurono]] ad [[cellula]]m destinatam per [[synapsis|synapsem]] transmittit.<ref>''neurotransmitter'', {{cite book |title=Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers |year=2007 |accessdate=2 Nov 2011 |url=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neurotransmitter |language=Anglice}}</ref> Neurotransmissores in [[vesicula synaptica|vesiculas synapticas]] colliguntur quae sub lateris praesynaptici membrana synaptica congregatae sunt, et in [[fissura synaptica|fissuram synapticam]] solvuntur, ubi ad [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoria]] alligantur quae in lateris postsynaptici membrana [[synapsis chemica|synaptica]] insunt.
Biosynthesis plerorumque neurotransmissorum ex [[aminoacidum|aminoacidis]] fit.
== Subclasses ==▼
Hodie plus quam ducentos neurotransmissorum in natura esse putatur.
== Synapsis chemica ==
{{main|Synapsis chemica}}
Synapses chemicae sunt ipsi loci, quibus ex signis electricis signa chemica formantur; saepe in terminalibus neuroni locatae sunt. Quidque signum chemicum neurotransmissor de neurono signum mittens ex vesiculis synapticis, igitur ''praesynaptico''<ref>Sensu strictu notio dubia, quare ''praesynapsie'' (ut postsynpasis) structuram separatam ''inter'' prae et post synapsem esse, moneret. De facto synapsis est ''anatomice'' pars praesynapsis. Tamen divisio ingeniosus videri potest, quia commutationes ''physiologicas'' signi electricum-chemicum-electricum describat.</ref> dicto, in fissuram synaptica liberatur ad neuron recipiens, ''praesynapticum''. Postsynaptice nova signa chemica generantur.
== Biosynthesis neurotransmissorum ==
Multi neurotransmissorum (NT) moleculae parvae sunt, et ii in organismo facile ex aminoacidis (AA) vel endogenis vel alimentariis fabricanturm, per exemplum:
* [[Tryptophanum]] (AA) → [[Serotoninum]] (NT)
* [[Phenylalaninum]] (AA) → [[Tyrosinum]] → [[Dopaminum]] (NT) → [[Noradrenalinum]] (NT) → [[Adrenalinum]] (NT)
▲== Subclasses neurotransmissorum ==
Neurotransmissores in tria subclasses dividi possunt: [[Acidum aminicum|acidorum aminicorum]], [[Peptidum|peptidorum]], monoaminorum. Magni transmissores sunt:
* [[Acidum aminicum|Acidi aminici]]: [[Acidum glutamicum|glutamatum]], aspartatum, <small>D</small>-serinum, [[acidum γ-aminobutyricum]] (''GABA''), [[glycinum]]
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