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[[Fasciculus:Acre superimposed over football fields.svg|thumb|Acra (rubro) in campis [[harpastum Americanum|harpasti Americani]] (viridi) et [[pediludium|pediludii]] (caeruleo)]]
[[Fasciculus:Comparison area units.svg|thumb|Mensurae areae: ager est in inferiori figurae parte]]
'''Acra'''<ref>{{DMLBS|acra}} {{DuCange}} s.v. {{http://ducange.enc.sorbonne.fr/ACRA1 acra}}.</ref> sive '''ager'''<ref>{{DMLBS|ager}} {{DuCange}} s.v. {{http://ducange.enc.sorbonne.fr/ACRA1 ager}}.</ref> est [[superficies|superficiei]] [[mensura]], quae {{formatnum:4840}} [[virga (mensura)|virga]]s quadratas, vel {{formatnum:43560}} [[pes (mensura)|pedes}} quadratas continet. Etiamnunc in circiter {{formatnum:4047}} [[metrum quadratum|metra quadrata]] aequat.
'''Ager''' est [[mensura]] [[area (geometria)|areae]] aequans 43,560 [[pes (mensura)|pedes]] quadratae, vel 4,840 [[virga (mensura)|vergae]] quadratae. Est fere 0.4 [[hectarium|hectaria]].
 
[[Fasciculus:Anthropic Farm Units.png|thumb|Origo mensurarum mediaevalium]]
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Nomen Latinum ''acra'' a linguis Germanicis deducta est (confer Anglicum ''acre'', Germanicum ''Acker''), sed eiusdem radicis Indoeuropaeae est atque ''ager'', vox Latina. Primum ''acra'' fuit mensura, quam [[iugum]] [[bos|boum]] uno die arare posset (confer [[iugerum]]).<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'', s.v. [http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/1769?redirectedFrom=acre "acre"].</ref>
An '''acre''' is the name of a [[Units of measurement|unit]] of [[area]] in a number of different systems, including [[Imperial unit]]s, and [[United States customary units]]. The most commonly used acres today are the international acre and, in the [[United States]], the survey acre. There are 43,560 square feet in an acre.
 
== See alsoNotae ==▼
There are always 4,840 [[square yard]]s in an acre. Because of alternative definitions of a yard, the exact size of an acre also varies. Related units of [[length]] are the acre's length of one [[furlong]] (220 yards) and the acre's breadth of one [[chain (unit)|chain]] (4 rods or 22 yards).
<references />
 
The acre is often used to express areas of land. In the [[metric system]], the [[hectare]] is commonly used for the same purpose. An acre is approximately 0.4 hectares.
 
One acre is slightly less than 91 yards on an [[American football]] field, with the full field, including the end zones, covering approximately 1.32 acres.
 
==International acre==
In 1958 the [[United States]] and countries of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] defined the length of the international [[yard]] to be 0.9144 [[metre]]s. Consequently, the international acre is exactly 4046.8564224 [[square metre]]s.
 
==United States survey acre==
The United States survey acre is approximately 4046.873 [[square metre]]s; its exact value ({{frac|4046|13,525,426|15,499,969}} m<sup>2</sup>) is based on an inch defined by 1 metre = 39.37 inches exactly. It is the standard acre in the [[United States]], but the fractional difference from the international acre is only 4 millionths.
 
==Equivalence to other units of area==
1 international acre is equal to the following metric units:
* 4046.8564224 [[square metre]]s
* 0.40468564224 [[hectare]]s
 
1 international acre is equal to the following customary units:
* 4840 [[square yard]]s
* 160 square [[rod (unit)|rod]]s (1 square rod is 0.00625 acres)
* 100 [[India|Indian]] [[cent (measure)|cent]]s (1 cent is equal to 0.01 acres)
* 10 square [[chain (unit)|chain]]s (1 square chain is equal to 0.1 acres)
* 4 [[rood]] (1 rood is 0.25 acres)
* 0.0015625 [[square mile]]s (1 square mile is equal to 640 acres)
 
1 United States survey acre is equal to:
* 43,560 [[square feet|square survey feet]]
* 4840 [[square yard|square survey yards]]
* 4046.87261 [[square metre]]s
* One acre equals ten square chains: ten acres equals one square furlong: an acre is a chain by a furlong: chain: 22 yards, furlong: 220 yards.
 
==Use of the acre==
In the [[United Kingdom]] the use of acres is now officially discouraged, but it is still legal for land registration only.<ref name=UK_reg>{{cite web
| url = http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1995/Uksi_19951804_en_1.htm
| title = Statutory Instrument 1995 No. 1804--The Units of Measurement Regulations 1995
| accessdate =
| accessmonthday =12 October
| accessyear = 2006
| publisher = Government of the United Kingdom
}}</ref> The Land Registry now works in metric for new registrations and all land sales must be in metric units. The acre remains a familiar measure of land with the general public. The acre also remains the legal unit of land measure in the [[United States]].
 
The usual land tract under the [[Homestead Act]] in the [[United States]] is 160 acres or 0.25 square miles. This results in common field lengths of 0.5 miles, with every [[rod (unit)|rod]] in width equal to one acre.
 
The area of land is usually determined by reference to the area within its boundaries as drawn on a map. On level ground, the area of the terrain will correspond to the area on the map. On sloping ground, the area of the terrain will be greater than the area on the map.
 
== Historical origin ==
The word "acre" is derived from [[Old English]] ''æcer'' (originally meaning "open field", [[cognate]] to [[German language|German]] ''Acker'', [[Latin]] ''ager'' and [[Old Greek]] ''agros'').
 
The acre was selected as approximately the amount of land tillable by one man behind an [[ox]] in one [[day]]. This explains one definition as the area of a rectangle with sides of length one [[chain (length)|chain]] and one [[furlong]]. A long narrow strip of land is more efficient to plough than a square plot, since the plough does not have to be turned so often. The word "furlong" itself derives from the fact that it is ''one [[furrow]] long''.
 
Statutory values for the acre were enacted in England by acts of:
* [[Edward I of England|Edward I]],
* [[Edward III of England|Edward III]],
* [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]],
* [[George IV of the United Kingdom|George IV]] and
* [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Victoria]] – the British "Weights and Measures Act" of [[1878]] defined it as containing 4,840 square yards.
 
Historically the size of farms and landed estates in the United Kingdom was always expressed in acres, even if the number of acres was so large that it might conveniently have been expressed in square miles. For example a certain landowner might have been said to own 32,000 acres of land, not 50 square miles of land.
 
==Other acres==
* '''[[Acre (Scots)|Scottish acre]]''', one of a number of [[obsolete Scottish units of measurement]]
 
▲== See also ==
* [[Conversion of units]]
* [[Acre-foot]]
* [[Obsolete Spanish and Portuguese units of measurement]]
 
==External links==
* [http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1995/Uksi_19951804_en_2.htm The Units of Measurement Regulations 1995]
* [[Cockeyed.com]] [http://cockeyed.com/inside/acre/acre.html presents "How much is inside an acre?"]
 
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{{NexInt}}
* [[Ager]]
 
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