Vide etiam paginam discretivam: Penna (discretiva)

Penna est pars epidermidis quae cum multis aliis rebus sui generis plumam, distinctum tegmen exterius, in avibus exstinctisque dinosauriorum speciebus format. Pennae multiplices integumentarii structuras in vertebratis inventas[1][2] atque insignissimum multiplicis novitatis evolutionariae exemplum habentur.[3] Pennae inter proprietates sunt quibus aves exstantes ab aliis gregibus vivis distinguuntur.[4]

Variae pennae.
Pennae duae buteonis speciei Buteonis buteo.

Plumologia, vel scientia plumarum, est scientia quae pennas investigat.[5][6]

Nexus interni

Notae recensere

  1. Prum, Richard O. & A. H. Brush (2002). "The evolutionary origin and diversification of feathers". The Quarterly Review of Biology 77 (3): 261–295 .
  2. Prum, R. O.; Brush, A. H (March 2003). "Which Came First, the Feather or the Bird?". Scientific American 288 (3): 84–93 .
  3. Prum, Richard O. (1999). "Development and Evolutionary Origin of Feathers". Journal of Experimental Zoology (Molecular and Developmental Evolution) 285 (4): 291–306 .
  4. Li, Quanguo (9 Martii 2012), "Reconstruction of Microraptor and the Evolution of Iridescent Plumage", Science 335: 1215–1219 .
  5. Galapagos plumology. . darwinfoundation.org (Charles Darwin Collections Database by the Charles Darwin Foundation) .
  6. Eichhorn, hrsg. von Manfred (2005). Langenscheidt Fachwörterbuch Biologie Englisch: englisch - deutsch, deutsch - englisch (1. Aufl. ed.). Berlin [u.a.]: Langenscheidt. p. 537. ISBN 3861172283 .

Nexus externi recensere

  Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad pennas spectant.